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Biomonitoring findings for occupational lead exposure in battery and ceramic tile workers using biochemical markers, alkaline comet assay, and micronucleus test coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Vilena Kašuba
Vilena Kašuba
, 
Mirta Milić
Mirta Milić
, 
Davor Želježić
Davor Želježić
, 
Marin Mladinić
Marin Mladinić
, 
Alica Pizent
Alica Pizent
, 
Zorana Kljaković-Gašpić
Zorana Kljaković-Gašpić
, 
Melita Balija
Melita Balija
 und 
Irena Jukić
Irena Jukić
   | 31. Dez. 2020
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Article Category: Original article
Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2020
Seitenbereich: 339 - 352
Eingereicht: 01. Mai 2020
Akzeptiert: 01. Nov. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3427
© 2020 Vilena Kašuba et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

General characteristics of lead-exposed workers and controls by gender and smoking

Exposed group Control group
Parameters (mean±SE) Women (N=17) Men (N=33) Smokers (N=33) Non-smokers (N=17) Women (N=18) Men (N=30) Smokers (N=26) Non-smokers (N=22)
Age (years) 36±2.57 40±1.57 36.55±1.75 41.8242.0 35.17±2.49 40.73±1.87 37.15±2.27 40.41±1.98
Years of exposure 5.05±1.42 13.39±1.60 9.98±1.51 11.07±2.34 0 0 0 0
B-(μPB g/L) 228.13±25.20c,d 340.33±30.98e 299.23±27.08g 296.66±43.42h 28.2±3.49b 47.16±5.01 40.49±6.11 43.14±4.22
ALAD (U/L ercs) 28.21±3.48d 20.92±2.91e 22.12±2.63f,g 25.65±4.24h 55.84±2.81 56.61±2.61 57.85±2.62 53.27±2.15
EP (μmol/L ercs) 2.11±0.44e 3.59±0.71e 2.89±0.57g 3.3540.92" 0.98±0.08 0.98±0.06 1.03±0.07 0.9±0.06
S-B 12 (μg/L) 410.14±35.82d 467.55±25.81 445.93±26.69 446.93±33.05 537.33±46.75 434.53±24.52 447.38±30 503.45±38.38
S-folate (ng/L) 6.41±0.66b,d 5.61±0.42 5.26±0.38f,g 7.0640.62" 9.11±0.86 6.84±0.64 7.18±0.56 8.30±0.96

MN-FISH assay endpoints in lead-exposed and control subgroups by gender and smoking status

Exposed group Control group
Parameters (mean±SE) Women (N=8) Men (N=12) Smokers (N=12) Non-smokers (N=8) Women (N=5) Men (N=11) Smokers (N=10) Non-smokers (N=6)
MNtotal 22.38±2.33 22.92±3.53 24.08±3.17 20.14±2.78 6.6±1.4c 9.00±1.00d 9.8±1.03e,f 5.67±0.56g
C+ MNtotal 9.25±2.13b 7.42±1.38 8.46±1.30 7.57±2.45 2.4±0.4c 4.27±0.59 4.3±0.62r 2.67±0.56g
C- MNtotal 13.13±2.00 15.5±2.72 15.62±2.52 12.57±2.17 4.2±1.46c,d 4.73±1.15 5.5±1.36f 3.00±0.00g
NBtotal 2.88±0.61b 2.67±0.81 2.85±0.77 2.57±0.61 2.4±1.12 5.00±1.33 5±1.48 2.83±1.01
C+NBtotal 0.13±0.13 0.5±0.34 0.46±0.31 0.14±0.14 0.2±0.2 1±0.38 1±0.42 0.33±0.21
C-NBtotal 2.75±0.56 2.17±0.58 2.38±0.57 2.43±0.53 2.2±0.97 4±0.96 4±1.06 2.5±0.85
NPBtotal 1.5±0.42 2±0.85 1.69±0.58 2±1.13 0.6±0.4 0.27±0.14 0.5±0.22 0.17±0.17
C+NPBtotal 0.13±0.13 0 0.08±0.08 0 0 0 0 0
C-NPBtotal 1.38±0.46 2±0.85 1.62±0.59 2±1.13 0.6±0.4 0.27±0.14 0.5±0.22 0.17±0.17

General characteristics of lead-exposed workers and controls

Parameters (mean ± SE) Exposed group (N=50) Control group (N=48)
Age (years) 38.34±9.71 38.65±1.53
Years of exposure 10.36±8.94 0
B-PB (μg/L) 298.36±162.07 41.58±23.02
ALAD (U/L ercs) 23.32±15.87 56.32±9.92
EP (μmol/L ercs) 3.05±3.43 0.98±0.27
S-B12 (ng/L) 446.25±137.98 473.08±166.99
S-folate (ng/L) 5.83±2.31 7.69±3.70

Micronucleus assay and alkaline comet assay endpoints in lead-exposed workers and controls by gender and smoking

Parameters (mean±SE) Total MNi NDI TL TI Total NBs Total NPBs NPB/MN ratio
Exposed (N=50) 18.71±11.06a 2.17±0.23a 16.15±5.33 2.64±3.22 3.65±5.91 2.02±2.47a 0.12±0.02
Controls (N=48) 8.98±7.50 2.13±0.25 14.27±1.23 1.61±0.74 2.29±2.34 1.14±1.53 0.26±0.08
Control (N=18) W 8.11±1.72 2.22±0.06 13.67±0.21b 1.34±0.16b
Control (N=30) M 9.5±1.41 2.07±0.05 14.67±0.25 1.79±0.14
Exposed (N=17) W 20.06±2.09d 2.16±0.07 16.19±1.28d 3.04±0.92d
Exposed (N=33) M 18.4±2.23e 2.16±0.05e 16.20±0.99 2.46±0.53
Control N=(26) S 9.27±1.59 2.13±0.05
Control (N=22) NS 8.64±1.47 2.14±0.05
Exposed (N=33) S 17.87±2.07f,g 2.21±0.04f,g
Exposed (N=17) NS 20.24±2.49h 2.09±0.08h

MN-FISH assay endpoints in lead-exposed and control subgroups

Parameters (mean±SE) Exposed group N=20 Control group N=16
Age (years) 39.6±2.05 40.31±1.59
Gender 8 women 12 men 5 women 11 men
Smoking 12 smokers 8 non-smokers 10 smokers 6 non-smokers
Time of exposure (years) 11.66±1.91 0
MNtotal 22.70±2.27 8.25±0.84
C+ MNtotal 8.15±1.80 3.69±0.47
C- MNtotal 14.55±1.80 4.56±0.89
NBtotal 2.75±0.53 4.18±1.01
C+ NBtotal 0.35±0.21 0.75±0.28
C- NBtotal 2.40±0.41 3.43±0.74
NPBtotal 1.80±0.53 0.38±0.15
C+ NPBtotal 0.05±0.05 0
C- NPBtotal 1.75±0.54 0.38±0.15
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