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Agriculture as a Catalyst for New Forms of Urban Habitat in Residential Architecture. A Case of Multi-Family and Mixed Housing Estates from 2010–2021 – European, American and Asian Context

Justyna Kleszcz
Justyna Kleszcz
   | 20. Juli 2023
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Online veröffentlicht: 20. Juli 2023
Seitenbereich: 29 - 44
Eingereicht: 13. Nov. 2022
Akzeptiert: 19. Juni 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0013
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© 2023 Justyna Kleszcz, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Morphological analysis of selected conceptual designs of housing estates within a walking distance of 15 minutes (1000m radius). Author's own elaboration
Morphological analysis of selected conceptual designs of housing estates within a walking distance of 15 minutes (1000m radius). Author's own elaboration

Figure 2.

Self-Sufficient Skyscraper/New York and Home Farm/Cyberjaya – overall views, authors Terreform, S*Park. Source: [18, 19]
Self-Sufficient Skyscraper/New York and Home Farm/Cyberjaya – overall views, authors Terreform, S*Park. Source: [18, 19]

Figure 3.

Taisugar Circular Village/Tainan, author Yue-Lun Tsai and Secret Gardens/Montpellier, author Vincent Callebaut Architects – the overall view. Source: [20, 21]
Taisugar Circular Village/Tainan, author Yue-Lun Tsai and Secret Gardens/Montpellier, author Vincent Callebaut Architects – the overall view. Source: [20, 21]

Figure 4.

S*Park/Denver and Grow Community/Bainsbridge – overall views. Source [22], made available thanks to the courtesy of Deborah Henderson from GROW Community
S*Park/Denver and Grow Community/Bainsbridge – overall views. Source [22], made available thanks to the courtesy of Deborah Henderson from GROW Community

Figure 5.

Morphological analysis of selected analyzed housing estates built between 2018 and 2021 within a walking distance of 15 minutes (1000 m radius). Author's own elaboration
Morphological analysis of selected analyzed housing estates built between 2018 and 2021 within a walking distance of 15 minutes (1000 m radius). Author's own elaboration

Figure 6.

List of analyzed examples due to the share of the usable floor area of the main functional zones of the complex. Author's own elaboration
List of analyzed examples due to the share of the usable floor area of the main functional zones of the complex. Author's own elaboration

Figure 7.

List of analyzed examples due to the percentage share of the usable floor area of the main functional zones of the complex in relation to the total usable floor area (excluding built-in car parks). Author's own elaboration
List of analyzed examples due to the percentage share of the usable floor area of the main functional zones of the complex in relation to the total usable floor area (excluding built-in car parks). Author's own elaboration

Figure 8.

List of analyzed examples due to the size of apartments. Author's own elaboration
List of analyzed examples due to the size of apartments. Author's own elaboration

Figure 9.

Floor plan typology of multi-family housing in relation to the agricultural function of the estates and the occurrence of private external space in the apartment. Author's own elaboration
Floor plan typology of multi-family housing in relation to the agricultural function of the estates and the occurrence of private external space in the apartment. Author's own elaboration

Figure 10.

Morphological analysis of housing estate Evergreen 365 in Poznań within a walking distance of 15 minutes (1000 m radius). Author's own elaboration
Morphological analysis of housing estate Evergreen 365 in Poznań within a walking distance of 15 minutes (1000 m radius). Author's own elaboration

Figure 11.

The repetitive floor plan and the view from Jutrzenki Street for the Evergreen 365 residential and service complex in Poznań. Made available thanks to the courtesy of Pracownia Architektoniczna Insomia
The repetitive floor plan and the view from Jutrzenki Street for the Evergreen 365 residential and service complex in Poznań. Made available thanks to the courtesy of Pracownia Architektoniczna Insomia

Figure 12.

A list of the analysed examples in terms of the form of introducing greenery in the estate. Author's own elaboration
A list of the analysed examples in terms of the form of introducing greenery in the estate. Author's own elaboration

Figure 13.

Schematic floor plan analysis of selected examples. Author's own elaboration
Schematic floor plan analysis of selected examples. Author's own elaboration

Summary of the basic data of the analysed multi-family residential buildings completed between 2013 and 2022 that are a combination of architecture and greenery. Author's own elaboration

name Vivalto Building Bosco Verticale Trudo Vertical Forest Gardenhouse (mixed-use apartments) Vindmølle bakken Housing (cohousing) Gardenia Apartments House Of The Flying Trees Maison New Farm Zuiderzicht Antwerp Residential Complex
location Quito/Ecuador Milano / Italy Eindhoven / Holland Los Angeles / USA Stavanger/Norway Rohrmoser, San José / Costa Rica Riga / Latvia New Farm / Australia Antwerp / Holland
years 2013 2007–2014 2017–2021 −2020 2017–2020 −2021 −2021 −2021 2014–2021
designer Najas Arquitectos: Esteban Najas Raad Stefano Boeri Architetti Stefano Boeri Architetti MAD Architects Helen & Hard Studio Saxe Open AD Graya + Joe Adsett Architects KCAP Architects & Planners + evr-Architecten
client COIMA Sgr (ex HINES Italia s.r.l.) Sint Trudo Palisades Capital Partners LLC Solon Eiendom and Indigo Vekst Saxe Development Group R. Evolution City Frank Developments Triple Living
multi-family housing typology single-module development / tower block
multi-module development
corridor
gallery
mixed with single-family housing (low-rise, high-dense)
forms of introducing greenery flower pots along internal railings
flower pots along external railings
green wall
backyard garden (at ground level)
green roof
green balcony / loggia
green terrace
atrium

Summary of analyzed urban buildings combining the multi-family residential function with agriculture in 2010–2021. Author's own elaboration

name Self-Sufficient Skyscraper Home Farm S*Park Taisugar Village Circular Grow Community Secret Gardens Evergreen 365
location New York, USA Singapore 26th & Lawrence Streets Denver, USA Wudong, Gueiren District, Tainan City, Taiwan Bainsbridge Island, New York, USA Zac EAI, Quartier de la Cité Créative, Montpellier, France Grochowska / Bukowska Str., Poznań, Poland
year design 2010 2014 n.d. 2017 2012–2014 2021 2013
realisation n.d. n.d. 2018 2021 2014–2020 2024 2016
designer Terreform SPARK Architects Tres Birds Bio-Architecture Formosana Davis Design Studio Vincent Callebaut Architects, Emmanuelle Navarro Pracownia Architektoni czna Insomia
client Venice Biennale of Architecture World Architecture Festival 2015, HSB Medical Westfield Company, Inc. Taiwan Sugar Corporation Bainbridge Island Holdings, Bainbridge Community Development LLC Bouygues Immobilier + Vestia Promotion Masterm Bukowska sp. z o.o.
plot area [ha] 0.86 4.94 1.13 1.39 3.20 0.56 0.33
floor area by function[sqm] residential 14,864,55 32,791.01 17.075,95 28.580,53 16.915,15 8.950,00 5.150,00
agricultural 56.490,01 14.800,00 668,91 1.387,90 144,00 90,00 84,00
commmercial 25.213,99 13.846,05 650,32 1.609,50 0,00 0,00 1.723,00
indoor parking 0,00 24.985,70 1.858,06 4.500,00 4.248,00 3.673,00 1.900,00
number of overground storeys 35 11 2–3 2–8 2–3 6–7 1–6
number of underground storeys 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
housing multi-family housing typology single-module development / tower block
multi-module developlet
corridor
gallery
single-family housing typology detached
semi-detached
terraced
parameters apartments' usabe floor area [sqm] 55,74–74,32 36–165 48,23 – 215,72 25–48 92–145 41,3–119,70 41,5–93
number of apartments - multi-family housing 128 300 91 351 155 117 51
number of apartments - single-family housing 0 0 8 0 37 0 0
number of parking lots n.d. n.d. 139 n.d. 178 118 n.d.
commercial usable floor area [sqm] 20.810,36 13.846,05 0 1387,9 0 41 1700
greenhouse area [sqm] 36.656,16 7500 668,91 503 144 90 84
inhabitant's profile multigenerational families (2+2+1–3)
atomic families (1 – 2)
statistical (2+1–3)
power-supply systems RES solar panels
wind turbines
traditional
n.d.
roof geometry above residential function flat
gable
above parking flat
flat - green
above greenhouse gable
saw-tooth
flat
forms of introducing greenery flower pots along internal railings
flower pots along external railings
green wall
backyard garden (at ground level)
green roof
forms of introducing the cultivation greenhouse types rooftop
indoor
at ground level
soil-based cultivation types container farming
soil-based
aquaponic
facade material masonry
glass and steel
steel plate
concrete
wood
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