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Ultrasonographic shear wave elastography of the thyroid in patients with sickle cell anemia

Gulen Burakgazi
Gulen Burakgazi
, 
Gul Ilhan
Gul Ilhan
, 
Oguzhan Ozcan
Oguzhan Ozcan
 und 
Emre Dirican
Emre Dirican
   | 30. Juni 2022
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Article Category: Brief communication (original)
Online veröffentlicht: 30. Juni 2022
Seitenbereich: 137 - 143
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0017
Schlüsselwörter
© 2022 Gulen Burakgazi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

SWV measurement in a healthy patient in the control group generated by the acoustic radiation force impulse. SWV (1.16 m/s) reflects tissue elasticity, which can be calculated using Young's modulus. Thus, shear wave elasticity can be used to evaluate tissue stiffness, both quantitatively and objectively. Parenchymal stiffness measured in the ROI on the left lobe was 4.01 kPa. ROI, region of interest; SWV, shear wave velocity.
SWV measurement in a healthy patient in the control group generated by the acoustic radiation force impulse. SWV (1.16 m/s) reflects tissue elasticity, which can be calculated using Young's modulus. Thus, shear wave elasticity can be used to evaluate tissue stiffness, both quantitatively and objectively. Parenchymal stiffness measured in the ROI on the left lobe was 4.01 kPa. ROI, region of interest; SWV, shear wave velocity.

Figure 2

Shear wave velocity measurement in a patient with SCA. Parenchymal stiffness measured in the ROI on the left lobe was 11.45 kPa. ROI, region of interest; SCA, sickle cell anemia.
Shear wave velocity measurement in a patient with SCA. Parenchymal stiffness measured in the ROI on the left lobe was 11.45 kPa. ROI, region of interest; SCA, sickle cell anemia.

Figure 3

Correlations of serum levels of thyroid function molecules and antibodies with thyroid stiffness left (gray bars) and right (white bars). Significant correlations were found between serum levels of Tg fT3 and left (P = 0.008 and P = 0.024, respectively) and right stiffness (P = 0.020 and P = 0.007, respectively). Other variables, TgAb, fT4, TSH, and TPOAb, were not significantly correlated. fT3, free triiodothyronine; fT4, free thyroxin; Tg, thyroglobulin; TgAb, thyroglobulin antibody; TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase antibody; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Correlations of serum levels of thyroid function molecules and antibodies with thyroid stiffness left (gray bars) and right (white bars). Significant correlations were found between serum levels of Tg fT3 and left (P = 0.008 and P = 0.024, respectively) and right stiffness (P = 0.020 and P = 0.007, respectively). Other variables, TgAb, fT4, TSH, and TPOAb, were not significantly correlated. fT3, free triiodothyronine; fT4, free thyroxin; Tg, thyroglobulin; TgAb, thyroglobulin antibody; TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase antibody; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Figure 4

ROC curve of thyroid gland SWE in patients with SCA. The cutoff for the RL elasticity (blue line) is 7.31 kPa (AUC 0.57, P = 0.32), and the cutoff value for the LL elasticity (green line) is 8.06 kPa (AUC 0.68, P = 0.011). Reference line is tan. AUC, area under the curve; LL, left lobe; RL, right lobe; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SCA, sickle cell anemia; SWE, shear wave elastography.
ROC curve of thyroid gland SWE in patients with SCA. The cutoff for the RL elasticity (blue line) is 7.31 kPa (AUC 0.57, P = 0.32), and the cutoff value for the LL elasticity (green line) is 8.06 kPa (AUC 0.68, P = 0.011). Reference line is tan. AUC, area under the curve; LL, left lobe; RL, right lobe; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SCA, sickle cell anemia; SWE, shear wave elastography.

Demographic, blood, and serum biochemical variables

SCA (n = 36) Healthy controls (n = 33) P
Mean ± SD Median Mean ± SD Median
Age (years) 31.3 ± 8.2 30.5 32.6 ± 5.8 32.0 0.46
Sex, n (%) Female 18 (52.9) 16 (47.1) 0.90
Male 18 (51.4) 17 (48.6)
BMI (kg/m2) 21.30 ± 1.83 22.00 22.78 ± 2.25 23.00 0.004*
Volume (mL) 3.91 ± 1.39 3.45 5.25 ± 1.84 4.80 0.001*
Left lobe 3.25 ± 1.21 2.90 4.26 ± 1.27 4.20 0.001*
Isthmus (mm) 3.06 ± 1.24 2.95 3.29 ± 0.79 3.00 0.35
Thyroid stiffness (kPa)
Right lobe 7.39 ± 3.30 7.57 6.39 ± 1.82 6.34 0.13
Left lobe 8.20 ± 2.89 8.43 6.41 ± 1.80 6.45 0.003*
fT3 (pmol/L) 2.92 ± 0.61 2.91 3.27 ± 0.44 3.16 0.004*
fT4 (ng/dL) 1.29 ± 0.16 1.29 1.30 ± 0.16 1.32 0.75
TSH (mU/L) 1.82 ± 0.80 1.68 1.44 ± 0.55 1.30 0.028*
Tg (ng/mL) 5.81 ± 3.04 5.59 13.55 ± 7.76 10.55 0.001*
TgAb (IU/mL) 21.36 ± 6.04 20.00 21.95 ± 10.42 20.00 0.47
TPOAb (IU/mL) 23.41 ± 16.15 20.00 20.00 ± 0.00 20.00 0.82
Ferritin (ng/mL) 656.3 ± 622.6 426.6
Hb (g/dL) 8.88 ± 1.75 8.75
Hct (%) 26.11 ± 5.12 26.35
CRP (mg/L) 10.08 ± 7.94 7.18
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