AMSTAR 2 | Wu and Sun 201740 | Hardman et al. 201641 | Liu et al. 201642 | Panzaetal.201543 | van de Rest et al. 201544 | Li et al. 201445 | Singh et al. 201446 |
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Systematically evaluate the overall quality level | moderate | low | low | very low | low | moderate | moderate |
AMSTAR 2 | Wang et al. 201916 | Loprinzi et al. 2019" | Song et al. 201818 | Lam et al. 20199 | Barreto et al. 201820 | Cammisuli et al. 201721 | Zheng et al. 201722 | Guure et al. 201723 | Quan et al. 201624 | Zheng et al. 201625 | Cai and Abrahamson 2015 26 | Ströhle et al. 201527 | Wang et al. 201428 | Öhman et al. 201429 |
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Systematically the overall quality evaluate level | moderate | moderate | moderate | moderate | moderate | moderate | low | low | moderate | moderate | very low | moderate | moderate | moderate |
Articles | Study (sample size) | Intervention | Control | Treatment time | Frequency | Key findings | Safety |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deng and Wang 201736 | 5 (568) | Acupuncture | Nimodipine | 8 weeks | 30 min/time | MMSE (3RCT): MD=0.99, [0.71-1.28], P<0.01 | 3 RCT reported the safety of acupuncture, 2 RCT adverse reactions may occur in the area of acupuncture, 1 RCT may appear megrim; another 1 RCT mention of gastrointestinal reactions and minor headaches in the nimodipine group |
3 times/week | Picture cognition (2RCT): MD = 2.12, [1.48-2.75], P<0.01 | ||||||
Acupuncture + Nimodipine | Nimodipine | 8 weeks | 30 min/time 3 times/week | MMSE (2RCT): MD = 1.09, [0.29-1.89], P<0.01 | |||
Shuai et al.201637 | 18 (1095) | Acupuncture + medicine (Nimodipine, Duxil, Donepezil, Aniracetam) | Single medication (Nimodipine, Duxil, Donepezil, Aniracetam) | 4-24 weeks | 30-50 min/time | MMSE(12RCT): MD = 1.73, [1.28-2.18], P<0.00001 | 4 RCT reported security, 3 RCT mentioned bleeding reaction, 1RCT mention that intervention group and control group all vomiting |
4-6 times/week | ADL (6RCT): MD=5.63, [4.40-6.87],P<0.001 | ||||||
Mai and Zheng 201538 | 5 (565) | electric scalp acupuncture | Nimodipine | 8 weeks | 30 min/time 6 times/week | MMSE(3RCT): MD = 1.33, [0.85-1.82], P<0.0001 | 3 RCT mention causing headaches dizziness, bleeding, motion sickness, Subcutaneous ecchymosis, 1 RCT report no reaction, 1RCT unreported |
cluster needling of scalp acupuncture + cognitive training | cognitive training | 8 weeks | 30 min/time 6 times/week | MoCA(2RCT): MD = 2.12, [0.78-3.47], P = 0.0002 | |||
Hu et al. 201439 | 14 (1052) | Acupuncture + Nimodipine | Nimodipine | 8-9weeks | 30 min/time 3-4 times/week | MMSE(6RCT): MD = 1.19, [0.67-1.70], P<0.00001 | 5/14 RCT reported security, there were 240 cases in the acupuncture group, reported a total of 6 cases of fainting during acupunctures ecchymosis and 3 cases of fainting during acupuncture |
Acupuncture + Aricept | Aricept | 4-6weeks | 30 min/time 6 times/week | MMSE (2RCT): MD=0.70, [0.24-1.17], P =0.003 |
Study | Nation | Development organization | Published, updated times | Guideline type | References | Recommendation | Grade |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AAN, 20172 | America | American Academy of Neurology | 2017 (update) | clinical practice guideline | 103 | In patients with MCI, treatment with exercise training for 6 months is likely to improve cognitive function10,11 | moderate confidence |
There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of any individual cognitive intervention 12 | very low confidence | ||||||
When various cognitive interventions are considered as a group, for patients with MCI, cognitive interventions may improve select measures of cognitive function 12 | low confidence | ||||||
In patients with MCI, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of homocysteine lowering therapies in patients with MCI 13 | very low confidence | ||||||
In patients with MCI, use of vitamin E 2,000 IU daily is possibly ineffective for reducing progression to AD 14 | low confidence | ||||||
In patients with MCI, combined use of oral vitamin E 300 mg and vitamin C 400 mg daily over 12 months is of uncertain efficacy 15 | very low confidence |
Articles | Study (sample size) | Intervention groups | Control groups | Time | Frequency | Outcome | Main conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang 201930 | 21 (1470) | cognitive Intervention | blank controls/conventional therapy | — | — | MoCA | Cognitive intervention can effectively improve MCI cognitive function |
Zhao et al. 201831 | 11 (1069) | cognitive training | conventional health education | 4-48 weeks | — | MMSE, ADL, MoCA | Cognitive training can effectively improve MCI cognitive function |
Yang et al. 201732 | 27 (2177) | memory training/rehabilitation is conducted individually or in groups | blank controls/conventional therapy | 4-9 weeks | 30-120 min/time, 3-36 times (70%<10 times) | learning, memory function, immediate response, delayed response, overall cognitive function | Memory training has medium to high benefits for learning, memory, subjective memory, moderate benefits for delayed response and global cognitive function, low benefit for immediate reaction and no obvious effect for recognition |
Le et al. 201733 | 13(692) | conventional therapy + computerized cognitive function training | conventional therapy + conventional cognitive function training | 3-12weeks | 30-45 min/time, 5-7 times/week | immediate effects, different cognitive domains (memory, orientation, attention) | Short-term computerized cognitive training can improve patients' cognitive function; computerized cognitive function training was better than control group in terms of directional ability and attention improvement in different cognitive domains |
Chandler et al. 201634 | 6 (224) | computerized cognitive function training | conventional therapy /conventional cognitive function training | 2-36 weeks an average of 25.5 h (6-130h) | — | memory function | Computerized cognitive training could not improve MCI memory function. |
Hill et al. 201635 | 17 (686) | computerized cognitive training | blank controls/conventional therapy | 4h + | — | global cognition, verbal fluency, working memory, attention | Computer cognitive function training can improve MCI patients' global cognition, and it has significant effects on different cognitive domains (language learning, language memory, working memory, attention) |
AMSTAR 2 | Wang 201930 | Zhao et al. 201831 | Yang et al. 201732 | Le et al. 201733 | Chandler et al. 201634 | Hill et al. 201635 |
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Q16 | × | × | × | × | √ | √ |
Systematically evaluate the overall quality level | very low | very low | low | low | moderate | moderate |
AMSTAR 2 | Deng and Wang 201736 | Shuai et al. 201637 | Mai and Zheng 201538 | Hu et al. 201439 |
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Q1 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
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Q14 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
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Q16 | √ | √ | × | × |
Systematically evaluate the overall quality level | moderate | low | low | low |
Articles | Study (sample size) | Research design type | Intervention group/(exposure section) | Intervention frequency/time | Control group (unexposed group) | Outcome | Main conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang et al. 201916 | 18 (1364) | RCT | aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, mind-body exercise | 30-90 min/time; 1-5 times/week; 6-12 weeks | health education/placebo | MMSE, MoCA, ADAS-Cog | Four exercise types all had significant benefits compared to the control, and resistance exercises outperformed mind-body exercises. |
Loprinzi et al. 2019" | 6 (355) | RCT | exercise intervention | 30-50 min/time; 2-4 times/week; 2-6 months | regular exercise | short term memory, long term memory | Exercise may help to improve MCI memory function |
Song et al. 201818 | 13 (956) | RCT | aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, multi-mode exercise | 30-60 min/time; 1-4 times/week; 3-12 months | regular exercise/placebo | global cognitive function, memory (short term memory, long term memory), executive function | Physical exercise can improve global cognitive function, but there was no significant effect on short-term memory, long-term memory, executive function |
Lam et al. 201819 | 43 (3988) | RCT | aerobic exercise (slow walking) | 60 min/time; 2-3 times/week | regular exercise | physical functions (BMI/strength/flexibility/stride/balance, walking endurance) | Aerobic exercise can improve physical function (strength/flexibility/stride/balance) |
Barreto et al. 201820 | 5 (2878) | RCT | aerobics, Tai Chi | 12/24 months | regular exercise | MMSE | Exercise intervention could not improve MCI cognitive function and reduce the risk of MCI |
Cammisuli et al. 201721 | 9 (768) | RCT | aerobic exercise (slow walking, handball) | 30-60 min; 2-4 times/week; 6-26 weeks | regular exercise/placebo | global cognitive function (MMSE, ADAS-Cog, MoCA) | Aerobic exercise can improve MCI cognitive function |
Zheng et al. 201722 | 3 (455) | RCT | Tai Chi | 24 style of Tai Chi (30 min, 3 times/week), Yang style of Tai Chi (60 min, 2 times/week), Dao style of Tai Chi (90 min, 2 times/week) | regular exercise | memory | Tai chi can improve MCI cognitive function |
Guure et al. 201723 | 45 (117410) | prospective study | physical exercise | more than once a week | — | — | Physical exercise has positive benefits for improving MCI and AD |
Quan et al. 201624 | 17 (24089) | prospective study | slow walking | — | — | — | Slow walking can improve cognitive function |
Zheng et al. 201625 | 11 (1497) | RCT | aerobic exercises (Tai Chi, walking, jogging) | 30-90 min/day; 1-5 times/week; 3-12 months | regular exercise | global cognitive function (MMSE, ADAS-Cog, MoCA), attention, executive function, memory (short- term, long- term memory) | Aerobic exercise can improve MMSE, MoCA, short-term memory and long-term memory, has no significant effect on ADAS-cog, attention and executive function |
Cai and Abrahamson 201526 | 13 (1171) | RCT | aerobic exercise (walking, Tai Chi) | 10 weeks-6/12 months | regular exercise | global cognitive function (MMSE, ADAS-Cog), attention, execution and memory function | Aerobic exercise has an ameliorative effect on MMSE, memory, endurance, attention and executive function |
Ströhle et al. 201527 | 5 (22689) | RCT | western medicine + exercise therapy | 6-12 months | western medicine + regular exercise/western medicine treatment | global cognitive function (ADAS-Cog, MMSE) | Exercise interventions can improve MCI cognitive function |
Wang et al. 201428 | 9 (795) | RCT | aerobic exercise (Tai Chi, walking, stretching) | 6 weeks-12 months | regular exercise | global cognitive function (ADAS-Cog, MMSE) attention, executive function, memory (short-term, long-term memory) | Exercise interventions can improve MCI cognitive function |
Öhman et al. 201429 | 22 (1699) | RCT | physical exercise, walking | 6 weeks-12 months | regular exercise/blank control | global cognitive function, executive function, long-term memory, attention | Exercise interventions can improve MCI global cognitive function, executive function, long-term memory and attention |
Articles | Study (sample size) | Exposure group/ intervention group | Unexposed group/ control group | Design | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wu and Sun 201740 | 9 (34168) | Mediterranean diet | unexposed group | cohort studies | High adherence to the Mediterranean diet can delay cognitive function decline, reduce the risk of AD |
Hardman et al. 201641 | 18 (59928) | Mediterranean diet | unexposed group | cohort, longitudinal studies, RCT | High Mediterranean adherence diet towards can delay cognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD |
Liu et al. 201642 | 11 (29155) | coffee | unexposed group | cohort studies | Moderate coffee intake can delay cognitive decline and reduce the risk of MCI/AD |
Panza et al. 201543 | 28 (56384) | coffee | unexposed group | cross-sectional, longitudinal studies, case control | Moderate coffee intake can delay cognitive decline and reduce the risk of MCI/AD |
Van de Rest et al. 201544 | 26 (84481) | Mediterranean diet | unexposed group | cross-longitudinal sectional studies, RCT | Higher Mediterranean adherence diet towards can delay cognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD |
Li et al. 201445 | 5 (900) | Vitamin B | placebo | RCT | Vitamin B intake had no significant effect on MCI global cognitive function, executive function and attention |
Singh et al. 201446 | 5 (3636) | Mediterranean diet | unexposed group | Cohort studies | Higher adherence towards Mediterranean diet can delay cognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD |