Validation of the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment in a Danish, trauma-exposed sample of young children
, und | 19. Aug. 2019
Über diesen Artikel
Online veröffentlicht: 19. Aug. 2019
Seitenbereich: 39 - 51
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2019-007
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© 2019 Sille Schandorph Løkkegaard et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Linear model of predictors of the SDQ emotional subscale, with 95% bias corrected and accelerated confidence interval
| SE | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 2.64 (1.46, 3.73) | .55 | .001 | |
| DIPA PTSD | 0.27 (0.13, 0.42) | .07 | .50 | .001 |
| Constant | 2.64 (1.44, 3.73) | .57 | .001 | |
| DIPA PTSD | 0.27 (0.12, 0.41) | .08 | .50 | .001 |
| No. of non-PTSD disorders | 0.01 (−0.37, 0.37) | .19 | .01 | .958 |
Spearman’s rho correlations between number of symptoms in DIPA modules and the SDQ Total Difficulties scale and subscales
| SDQ Total Difficulties | SDQ conduct problems | SDQ emotional symptoms | SDQ hyperactivity | SDQ peer problems | SDQ prosocial behavior | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTSD total | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.54 | 0.14 | 0.09 | −0.15 |
| Re-experience | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.04 | −0.08 |
| Avoidance | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.04 | −0.19 |
| Hyperarousal | 0.35 | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.12 | −0.04 |
| MDD | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.16 | −0.29 |
| ADHD total | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.76 | 0.24 | −0.16 |
| Inattentive | 0.60 | 0.45 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 0.15 | −0.22 |
| Hyperactive | 0.53 | 0.41 | −0.05 | 0.69 | 0.24 | −0.14 |
| ODD | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.13 | −0.33 |
| CD | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.11 | 0.42 | 0.23 | −0.36 |
| SAD | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.50 | −0.02 | 0.13 | 0.03 |
| RAD total | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.11 | 0.53 | 0.16 | −0.25 |
| Inhibited | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.19 | 0.46 | 0.16 | −0.29 |
| Disinhibited | 0.26 | 0.23 | −0.18 | 0.42 | 0.04 | −0.07 |
| Sleep disorder | 0.44 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.01 |
Sample characteristics of the total sample of children and grouped by place of recruitment
| Total | Mental health clinics | Regional Children Centre | Women’s shelter and network for victims of IPS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 33 (53.2) | 11 (57.9) | 18 (54.5) | 4 (40.0) |
| Female | 29 (46.8) | 8 (42.1) | 15 (45.5) | 6 (60.0) |
| Median | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 3.5 |
| Lower quartile | 3.9 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 2.4 |
| Median quartiles | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 3.5 |
| Upper quartiles | 6 | 6.6 | 6 | 4.3 |
| Minimum-maximum | 1.5-6.9 | 2-6.9 | 1.8-6.9 | 1.5-6.2 |
| Median | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2.5 |
| Lower quartile | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Median quartiles | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2.5 |
| Upper quartiles | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Minimum-maximum | 1-8 | 1-7 | 1-8 | 1-4 |
Child experiences of trauma as reported by caregivers during the DIPA
| Trauma type | |
|---|---|
| Hospitalization or invasive medical procedures | 37 (59.7) |
| Witnessed violence | 32 (51.6) |
| Physical abuse | 24 (38.7) |
| Sexual abuse | 11 (17.7) |
| Accidental burning | 8 (12.9) |
| Traffic accident | 7 (11.3) |
| Kidnapped | 4 (6.5) |
| Attacked by animal | 4 (6.5) |
| Near drowning | 2 (3.2) |
| Man-made disasters (fires, wars, etc.) | 1 (1.6) |
| Natural disasters (hurricane, tornado, flood, etc.) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 49 (79.0) |
Internal consistency and distribution of scores on the DIPA scales and subscales without impairment
| Modules | No. of items | Median | Lower quartile | Median quartile | Upper quartile | Minimum-maximum | Skewness (SE) | Kurtosis (SE) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTSD | ||||||||||
| Re-experience | 59 | 0.69 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0-8 | 0.58 (0.31) | −0.51 (0.61) |
| Avoidance | 59 | 0.54 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0-5 | 0.70 (0.31) | −0.46 (0.61) |
| Hyperarousal | 59 | 0.64 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0-6 | −0.04 (0.31) | −1.33 (0.61) |
| Total | 59 | 0.82 | 22 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 0-16 | 0.19 (0.31) | −0.85 (0.61) |
| MDD | 59 | 0.86 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0-11 | 1.25 (0.31) | 0.32 (0.61) |
| ADHD | ||||||||||
| Inattentive | 57 | 0.87 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0-9 | 0.62 (0.32) | −0.99 (0.62) |
| Hyperactivity | 57 | 0.87 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4.5 | 0-9 | 0.82 (0.32) | −0.52 (0.62) |
| Total | 57 | 0.90 | 18 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 8.5 | 0-18 | 0.69 (0.32) | −0.44 (0.62) |
| ODD | 57 | 0.81 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0-9 | 0.95 (0.32) | 0.00 (0.62) |
| CD | 57 | 0.70 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0-7 | 2.30 (0.32) | 5.86 (0.62) |
| SAD | 57 | 0.86 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0-9 | 1.31 (0.32) | 0.62 (0.62) |
| RAD | ||||||||||
| Inhibited | 56 | 0.71 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0-5 | 1.46 (0.32) | 1.77 (0.63) |
| Disinhibited | 56 | 0.80 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0-3 | 1.93 (0.32) | 2.54 (0.63) |
| Total | 56 | 0.82 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0-8 | 1.68 (0.32) | 2.46 (0.63) |
| Sleep disorder | 59 | 0.62 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0-2 | 0.30 (0.31) | −1.55 (0.61) |
Scores on the SDQ
| Scale | Mean (SD) | Median | Lower quartile | Median quartile | Upper quartile | Minimum-maximum | Skewness (SE) | Kurtosis (SE) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total difficulties | 0.76 | 15.27 (6.0) | 15 | 11 | 15 | 19 | 1-27 | −0.13 (0.31) | −0.47 (0.61) |
| Conduct problems | 0.51 | 3.36 (1.8) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0-7 | −0.08 (0.31) | −0.67 (0.61) |
| Emotional symptoms | 0.65 | 4.44 (2.4) | 4 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0-10 | 0.18 (0.31) | −00.88 (0.61) |
| Hyperactivity | 0.89 | 5.17 (3.2) | 5 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 0-10 | −0.06 (0.31) | −01.21 (0.61) |
| Peer problems | 0.24 | 2.31 (1.6) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0-6 | 0.41 (0.31) | −00.61 (0.61) |
| Prosocial behavior | 0.73 | 7.29 (2.1) | 8 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 0-10 | −0.87 (0.31) | 1.10 (0.61) |
| Impact supplement | 0.74 | 2.10 (.3) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0-9 | 1.05 (0.31) | 1.00 (0.61) |
Frequency of symptoms and fulfillment of diagnostic criteria based on the DIPA
| Disorder | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTSD | 62 | 9 (14.5) | 17 (27.4) | 30 (48.4) |
| Re-experience | 51 (82.3) | 27 (43.5) | 51 (82.3) | |
| Avoidance | 12 (19.4) | 28 (45.2) | 37 (59.7) | |
| Hyperarousal | 42 (67.7) | 38 (66.7%) | 42 (67.7) | |
| MDD | 62 | – | – | 9 (14.5) |
| ADHD | 60 | – | 7 (11.7) | |
| Inattentive subtype | 12 (19.4) | – | – | |
| Hyperactivity subtype | 9 (15.0) | – | – | |
| ODD | 60 | 13 (21.7) | 6 (10.0) | – |
| CD | 60 | 7 (11.7) | 6 (10.0) | – |
| SAD | 60 | 16 (26.7) | 16 (26.7) | – |
| RAD | 59 | |||
| Inhibited subtype | 5 (8.5) | – | 5 (8.5) | |
| Disinhibited subtype | 7 (11.9) | – | 6 (10.2) | |
| Sleep disorder | 62 | – | – | – |
| Sleep onset dyssomnia | – | – | 29 (46.8) | |
| Night waking dyssomnia | – | – | 24 (38.7) |
Linear model of predictors of the SDQ Total Difficulties scale, with 95% bias corrected and accelerated confidence interval
| SE | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 9.96 (4.33, 16.18) | 3.00 | .006 | |
| Age | 1.06 (−0.92, 2.13) | 0.58 | .23 | .065 |
| Constant | 8.67 (3.12, 14.90) | 2.98 | .008 | |
| Age | 0.83 (−0.35, 1.85) | 0.56 | .18 | .143 |
| DIPA PTSD | 0.37 (0.04, 0.71) | 0.17 | .28 | .033 |
| Constant | 10.13 (4.78, 16.03) | 2.88 | .002 | |
| Age | 0.24 (−0.90, 1.26) | 0.57 | .05 | .670 |
| DIPA PTSD | 0.23 (−0.10, 0.53) | 0.16 | .17 | .154 |
| No. of non-PTSD disorders | 2.13 (1.10, 3.17) | 0.54 | .47 | .001 |