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Development of a Shortened Version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-S): construct validity and sex invariance in a large sample of Swedish adolescents

Malin K. Anniko
Malin K. Anniko
, 
Katja Boersma
Katja Boersma
, 
Nikil Ph. L. van Wijk
Nikil Ph. L. van Wijk
, 
Don Byrne
Don Byrne
 und 
Maria Tillfors
Maria Tillfors
   | 10. Juli 2018
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Article Category: research-article
Online veröffentlicht: 10. Juli 2018
Seitenbereich: 4 - 15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2018-001
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© 2018 Malin K. Anniko et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Cronbach’s alfa and factor structure of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire- Shortened version (ASQ-S); standardized loadings

Factors and indicatorsItem loading
F1: Stress of Home Life
Item 1: Arguments at home0.73
Item 2: Disagreement between your parents0.66
Item 3: Disagreement between you and your mother0.81
Item 4: Disagreement between you and your father0.79
F2: Stress of School Performance
Item 5: Having to study things you do not understand0.80
Item 6: Teachers expecting too much from you0.81
Item 7: Keeping up with school work0.82
F3: Stress of School Attendance
Item 8: Getting up early in the morning to go to school0.80
Item 9: Going to school0.79
F4: Stress of Romantic Relationships
Item 10: Getting along with your boy/girl-friend0.74
Item 11: Breaking up with your boy/girl-friend0.69
Item 12: Making the relationship with your boy/girlfriend work0.93
F5: Stress of Peer Pressure
Item 13: Pressure to fit in with peers0.74
Item 14: Being hassled for not fitting in0.78
Item 15: Peers hassling you about the way you look0.70
Item 16: Being judged by your friends0.64
F6: Stress of Teacher Interaction
Item 17: Lack of respect from teachers0.77
Item 18: Not being listened to by teachers0.83
Item 19: Getting along with your teachers0.74
F7: Stress of Future Uncertainty
Item 20: Concern about your future0.84
Item 21: Having to make decisions about future work or education0.79
Item 22: Putting pressure on yourself to meet your future goals0.82
F8: Stress of School/Leisure Conflict
Item 23: Not getting enough time for leisure0.87
Item 24: Not enough time for activities outside of school hours0.84
Item 25: Having too much homework0.74
F9: Stress of Financial Pressure
Item 26: Not enough money to buy the things you need0.87
Item 27: Not enough money to buy the things you want0.89

The nine factored solution of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire- Shortened version (ASQ-S) for girls and boys separately and measurement invariance across sex

Modelχ2dfpCFIΔCFIRMSEA [90 % CI]SRMRN
Girls866.268 (1.400)288<0.0010.953 0.039 [0.036–0.042]0.0351296
Boys641.151 (1.732)288<0.0010.964 0.029 [0.026–0.032]0.0361420
Configural1483.526 (1.566)576<0.0010.958–0.034 [0.032–0.036]0.035 
Metric1496.437 (1.590)594<0.0010.9590.0010.033 [0.031–0.036]0.037 
Scalar1610.069 (1.574)612<0.0010.9540.0050.035 [0.033–0.037]0.037 

Descriptive statistics for the total sample and for boys and girls separately

 TotalGirlsBoys
 MeanSDMeanSDMeanSD
Depressive symptoms T113.1211.4017.2412.549.378.69
Depressive symptoms T214.8711.3418.6512.3911.499.06
Anxiety T13.163.694.324.052.112.96
Anxiety T23.504.014.844.352.313.25
Worry T114.518.6217.589.2111.716.95
Worry T216.539.5620.249.8213.197.96
Self-esteem T120.776.2418.876.4822.505.46
ASQ-S T149.4617.2853.9717.3345.3516.18

Results from three separate multiple regression analyses with the ASQ-S subscales as predictor variables and depressive symptoms (CES-DC), anxiety (OASIS) or worry (PSWQ-C) one year later (T2) as dependent variables. Baseline (T1) symptoms were controlled for

 Depressive symptoms T2 (N = 2043)
BSE Bβt
Sex−3.150.42−0.14**−7.60
Age−0.220.30−0.01−0.75
T1 depressive symptoms0.380.020.50**15.98
F1: Stress of Home Life0.410.520.020.80
F2: Stress of School Performance0.480.480.040.97
F3: Stress of School Attendance0.570.400.051.43
F4: Stress of Romantic Relationships1.720.660.06**2.61
F5: Stress of Peer Pressure0.730.590.041.24
F6: Stress of Teacher Interaction0.340.550.020.62
F7: Stress of Future Uncertainty−0.350.42−0.03−0.82
F8: Stress of School/Leisure Conflict0.200.390.020.51
F9: Stress of Financial Pressure0.050.330.0030.14

ASQ-S scales and sex

FactorsGirls (N=1317)Boys (N=1451)dftCohen’s d
MeanSDMeanSD
F1: Home Life7.843.466.302.792530.6512.86*0.49
F2: School Performance8.953.286.873.062691.8717.20*0.66
F3: School Attendance4.492.223.682.102704.129.77*0.37
F4: Romantic Relationships4.032.163.941.942652.831.080.04
F5: Peer Pressure5.862.755.362.602700.184.93*0.19
F6: Teacher Interaction4.922.454.572.4927663.68*0.14
F7: Future Uncertainty7.093.245.522.712576.3513.73*0.53
F8: School/Leisure Conflict7.283.306.013.132706.6310.38*0.58
F9: Financial Pressure3.572.143.121.902639.556.16*0.22

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire-Shortened version (ASQ-S) with one to nine factors

Factorsχ2dfPCFIRMSEA [90 % CI]SRMRFactor loadings
14700.83 (1.6481)324<0.0010.620.099 [0.097–0.102]0.090.31–0.73
24092.96 (1.5098)298<0.0010.670.097 [0.094–0.099]0.070.36–0.83
33304.54 (1.5039)273<0.0010.740.090 [0.087–0.093]0.060.32–0.86
42588.09 (1.4921)249<0.0010.800.083 [0.080–0.086]0.050.36–0.86
51981.34 (1.4590)226<0.0010.850.075 [0.072–0.079]0.040.37–0.89
61325.55 (1.4653)204<0.0010.900.063 [0.060–0.067]0.030.47–0.88
7840.85 (1.5017)183<0.0010.940.051 [0.048–0.055]0.020.41–0.88
8485.40 (1.5005)163<0.0010.970.038 [0.034–0.042]0.020.33–0.89
9255.09 (1.5052)144<0.0010.990.024 [0.019–0.028]0.010.41–0.93
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