This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Subrahmanyam K, Smahel D, Greenfield P. Connecting developmental constructions to the Internet: identity presentation and sexual exploration in online teen chat rooms. Dev Psychol 2006;42(3):395-406.SubrahmanyamKSmahelDGreenfieldP. Connecting developmental constructions to the Internet: identity presentation and sexual exploration in online teen chat rooms. 2006;42(3):395-406.Search in Google Scholar
Valkenburg P, Peter J. Adolescents’ online communication and their closeness to friends. Dev Psychol 2007;43(2):267-277.ValkenburgPPeterJ. Adolescents’ online communication and their closeness to friends. 2007;43(2):267-277.Search in Google Scholar
Wolak J, Mitchell KJ, Finkelhor D. Escaping or connecting? Characteristics of youth who form close online relationships. J Adolescence 2003;26:105-119.WolakJMitchellKJFinkelhorD. Escaping or connecting? Characteristics of youth who form close online relationships. 2003;26:105-119.Search in Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam K, Greenfield P, Kraut R, Gross E. The impact of computer use on children’s and adolescents’ development. J Appl Dev Psychol 2001;22:7-30.SubrahmanyamKGreenfieldPKrautRGrossE. The impact of computer use on children’s and adolescents’ development. 2001;22:7-30.Search in Google Scholar
Valkenburg PM, Schouten AP, Peter J. Adolescents’ identity experiments on the Internet. New Media Soc 2005;7:383-402ValkenburgPMSchoutenAPPeterJ. Adolescents’ identity experiments on the Internet. 2005;7:383-402Search in Google Scholar
Lenhart A, Rainie L, Lewis O. Teenage life online: the rise of the instant-message generation and the Internet’s impact of friendships and family relationships. Washington, D.C.: Pew Internet & American Life Project; 2001.LenhartARainieLLewisO. . Washington, D.C.: Pew Internet & American Life Project; 2001.Search in Google Scholar
Gross EF. Adolescent Internet use: what we expect, what teens report. J Appl Dev Psychol 2004;25:633-649.GrossEF. Adolescent Internet use: what we expect, what teens report. 2004;25:633-649.Search in Google Scholar
Campbell AJ, Cumming SR, Hughes I. Internet use by the socially fearful: addiction or therapy? CyberPsychol Behav 2006;9:69-81.CampbellAJCummingSRHughesI. Internet use by the socially fearful: addiction or therapy?2006;9:69-81.Search in Google Scholar
Walther JB. Computer-mediated communication: impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Commun Res 1996;23(1):3-43.WaltherJB. Computer-mediated communication: impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. 1996;23(1):3-43.Search in Google Scholar
Erikson E. Childhood and Society. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Norton; 1963.EriksonE. . 2nd ed. New York, NY: Norton; 1963.Search in Google Scholar
Furman W, Buhrmester D. Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships. Child Dev 1992;63:103-115.FurmanWBuhrmesterD. Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships. 1992;63:103-115.Search in Google Scholar
Arnett JJ. Young people’s conceptions of the transition to adulthood. Youth Soc 1997;29:1-23.ArnettJJ. Young people’s conceptions of the transition to adulthood. 1997;29:1-23.Search in Google Scholar
Berndt TJ, Hawkins JA, Jiao Z. Influences of friends and friendships on adjustment to junior high school. Merrill-Palmer Quart 2005;45:13-41.BerndtTJHawkinsJAJiaoZ. Influences of friends and friendships on adjustment to junior high school. 2005;45:13-41.Search in Google Scholar
Tomada G, Schneider BH, de Domini P, Greenman PS, Fonzi A. Friendship as a predictor of adjustment following a transition to formal academic instruction and evaluation. Int J Behav Dev 2005;29:314-322.TomadaGSchneiderBHde DominiPGreenmanPSFonziA. Friendship as a predictor of adjustment following a transition to formal academic instruction and evaluation. 2005;29:314-322.Search in Google Scholar
McKenna KYA, Bargh J. Plan 9 from cyberspace: the implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 2000;4:57-75.McKennaKYABarghJ. Plan 9 from cyberspace: the implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. 2000;4:57-75.Search in Google Scholar
Bargh JA, McKenna KYA, Fitzsimons GM. Can you see the real me? Activation and expression of the “true self” on the Internet. J Soc Issues 2002;58(1):33-48.BarghJAMcKennaKYAFitzsimonsGM. Can you see the real me? Activation and expression of the “true self” on the Internet. 2002;58(1):33-48.Search in Google Scholar
McKenna KYA, Green AS, Gleason MEJ. Relationship formation on the Internet: What’s the big attraction? J Soc Issues 2002;58(1):9-31.McKennaKYAGreenASGleasonMEJ. Relationship formation on the Internet: What’s the big attraction?2002;58(1):9-31.Search in Google Scholar
Peter J, Valkenburg PM, Schouten AP. Developing a model of adolescent friendship formation on the Internet. CyberPsychol Behav 2005;8:423-430.PeterJValkenburgPMSchoutenAP. Developing a model of adolescent friendship formation on the Internet. 2005;8:423-430.Search in Google Scholar
Gross EF, Juvonen J, Gable SL. Internet use and well-being in adolescence. J Soc Issues 2002;58(1):75-90.GrossEFJuvonenJGableSL. Internet use and well-being in adolescence. 2002;58(1):75-90.Search in Google Scholar
Kraut R, Kiesler S, Boneva B, Cummings JN, Helgeson V, Crawford AM. Internet paradox revisited. J Soc Issues 2002;58:49-74.KrautRKieslerSBonevaBCummingsJNHelgesonVCrawfordAM. Internet paradox revisited. 2002;58:49-74.Search in Google Scholar
Galambos NL. Gender and gender role development in adolescence. In: Lerner RM, Steinberg L, editors. Handbook of adolescent psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2004. p. 233-262.GalambosNL. Gender and gender role development in adolescence. In: LernerRMSteinbergL, editors. . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2004. p. 233-262.Search in Google Scholar
Schouten A, Valkenburg PM, Peter J. Precursors and underlying processes of adolescents’ online self-disclosure: developing and testing and “internet-attribute-perception” model. Media Psychol 2007;10:292-315.SchoutenAValkenburgPMPeterJ. Precursors and underlying processes of adolescents’ online self-disclosure: developing and testing and “internet-attribute-perception” model. 2007;10:292-315.Search in Google Scholar
Kraut R, Patterson M, Lundmark V, Kiesler S, Mukophadhyay T, Scherlis W. Internet paradox: a social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? Am Psychol 1998;53:1017-1031.KrautRPattersonMLundmarkVKieslerSMukophadhyayTScherlisW. Internet paradox: a social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?1998;53:1017-1031.Search in Google Scholar
Nie NH, Erbring L. Internet and society: a preliminary report. IT & Society 2000; 1(1):275-283.NieNHErbringL. Internet and society: a preliminary report. ; 1(1):275-283.Search in Google Scholar
Nie NH, Hillygus DS, Erbring L. Internet Use, interpersonal relations, and sociability: a time diary study. In: Wellman B, Haythornthwaite C, editors. The Internet in Everyday Life. Malden: Blackwell Publishers Ltd; 2002. p. 215-243.NieNHHillygusDSErbringL. Internet Use, interpersonal relations, and sociability: a time diary study. In: WellmanBHaythornthwaiteC, editors. . Malden: Blackwell Publishers Ltd; 2002. p. 215-243.Search in Google Scholar
Locke JL. The de-voicing of society: Why we don’t talk to each other anymore. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster; 1998.LockeJL. . New York, NY: Simon & Schuster; 1998.Search in Google Scholar
Blais JJ, Craig WM, Pepler D, Connoly J. Adolescents online: the importance of Internet activity choices to salient relationships. J Youth Adolesc. 2008;37:522-536.BlaisJJCraigWMPeplerDConnolyJ. Adolescents online: the importance of Internet activity choices to salient relationships. . 2008;37:522-536.Search in Google Scholar
Berndt TJ. Friendship quality and social development. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2002;11:7-10.BerndtTJ. Friendship quality and social development. 2002;11:7-10.Search in Google Scholar
Eccles JS, Wigfield A, Flanagan C, Miller C, Reuman D, Yee D. Self-concepts, domain values, and self-esteem: relations and changes at early adolescence. J Pers 1989;57:283-310.EcclesJSWigfieldAFlanaganCMillerCReumanDYeeD. Self-concepts, domain values, and self-esteem: relations and changes at early adolescence. 1989;57:283-310.Search in Google Scholar
Romero E, Luengo MA, Sobral J. Personality and antisocial behaviour: study of temperamental dimensions. Pers Indiv Differ. 2001;31:329-348.RomeroELuengoMASobralJ. Personality and antisocial behaviour: study of temperamental dimensions. . 2001;31:329-348.Search in Google Scholar
Weerman FM. Juvenile offending. In: Tonry M, Bijleveld C, editors. Crime and justice in the Netherlands: crime & justice: a review of research, Vol. 35. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2007. p. 261-318.WeermanFM. Juvenile offending. In: TonryMBijleveldC, editors. , Vol. 35. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2007. p. 261-318.Search in Google Scholar
Duncan GJ. What to make of “unexpected” pathways? J Soc Issues 2008;64:213-217.DuncanGJ. What to make of “unexpected” pathways?2008;64:213-217.Search in Google Scholar
Neuenschwander MP, Garrett JL. Causes and consequences of unexpected educational transitions in Switzerland. J Soc Issues. 2008;64:41-57.NeuenschwanderMPGarrettJL. Causes and consequences of unexpected educational transitions in Switzerland. . 2008;64:41-57.Search in Google Scholar
Wentzel KR. Social-motivational processes and interpersonal relationships: implications for understanding students’ academic success. J Educ Psychol 1999; 91:76-97.WentzelKR. Social-motivational processes and interpersonal relationships: implications for understanding students’ academic success. 1999; 91:76-97.Search in Google Scholar
Véronneau MH, Vitaro F. Social experience with peers and high school graduation: a review of theoretical and empirical research. Educ Psychol 2007;27:419-445.VéronneauMHVitaroF. Social experience with peers and high school graduation: a review of theoretical and empirical research. 2007;27:419-445.Search in Google Scholar
Wentzel KR. Peer relationships, motivation, and academic performance at school. In: Elliot A, Dweck C, editors. Handbook of Competence and Motivation. New York: Guilford; 2005. p. 279-296.WentzelKR. . In: ElliotADweckC, editors. . New York: Guilford; 2005. p. 279-296.Search in Google Scholar
National Institute of Educational System Evaluation for Instruction and Formation (INVALSI). [Accessed 2013 May 2]. Available from www.invalsi.it.National Institute of Educational System Evaluation for Instruction and Formation (INVALSI). [Accessed 2013 May 2]. Available from www.invalsi.it.Search in Google Scholar
Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT). Italy in figures 2012. [Accessed 2013 May 2]. Available from www.istat.it/it/archivio/30329.Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT). . [Accessed 2013 May 2]. Available from www.istat.it/it/archivio/30329.Search in Google Scholar
Mesch G. A study of adolescents’ online and offline social relationships. Oxford Internet Institute, Research Report No. 8, [Accessed June 2012] Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1308494MeschG. . Oxford Internet Institute, Research Report No. 8, [Accessed June 2012] Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1308494Search in Google Scholar
Ministero Istruzione Università e Ricerca (MIUR). Focus pubblica amministrazione. [Accessed 2013 May 2]. Available from www.hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it.Ministero Istruzione Università e Ricerca (MIUR). . [Accessed 2013 May 2]. Available from www.hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it.Search in Google Scholar
Snell WE Jr, Miller RS, Belk SS. Development of the emotional self-disclosure scale. Sex Roles 1988;18:59-74.SnellWEJrMillerRSBelkSS. Development of the emotional self-disclosure scale. 1988;18:59-74.Search in Google Scholar
Olsson UH, Foss T, Troye SV, Howell RD. The performance of ML, GLS, and WLS estimation in structural equation modeling under conditions of misspecification and non-normality. Struct Equ Modeling 2000;7:557-595.OlssonUHFossTTroyeSVHowellRD. The performance of ML, GLS, and WLS estimation in structural equation modeling under conditions of misspecification and non-normality. 2000;7:557-595.Search in Google Scholar
Hu L, Bentler PM. Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychol Meth 1988;3(4):424-453.HuLBentlerPM. Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. 1988;3(4):424-453.Search in Google Scholar
Valkenburg PM, Sumter SR, Peter J. Gender differences in online and offline self-disclosure in pre-adolescence and adolescence. Brit J Dev Psychol 2011;29:253-269.ValkenburgPMSumterSRPeterJ. Gender differences in online and offline self-disclosure in pre-adolescence and adolescence. 2011;29:253-269.Search in Google Scholar
Valkenburg PM, Peter J. Adolescents’ identity experiments on the Internet: consequences for social competence and self-concept unity. Commun Res 2008;35:208-231.ValkenburgPMPeterJ. Adolescents’ identity experiments on the Internet: consequences for social competence and self-concept unity. 2008;35:208-231.Search in Google Scholar
Joinson AN. Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: the role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. Eur J Soc Psychol 2001;31:177-192.JoinsonAN. Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: the role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. 2001;31:177-192.Search in Google Scholar
Tidwell LC, Walther JB. Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations. Hum Commun Res 2002;28:317-348.TidwellLCWaltherJB. Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations. 2002;28:317-348.Search in Google Scholar
Zucchetti G, Rabaglietti E, Latina D, Ciairano S. Online and offline self disclosure and psychological discomfort in adolescence: exploring the mediation effect of face to face friendship quality. J Dev Psychol 2012; 73-83.ZucchettiGRabagliettiELatinaDCiairanoS. Online and offline self disclosure and psychological discomfort in adolescence: exploring the mediation effect of face to face friendship quality. 2012; 73-83.Search in Google Scholar
Rose AJ. Co-rumination in the friendships of girls and boys. Child Dev 2002;73:1830-1843RoseAJ. Co-rumination in the friendships of girls and boys. 2002;73:1830-1843Search in Google Scholar
Bonino S, Cattellino E, Ciairano S. Adolescenti e Rischio. Firenze: Giunti Editore; 2007.BoninoSCattellinoECiairanoS. . Firenze: Giunti Editore; 2007.Search in Google Scholar
Marmocchi P. Nuove generazioni. Genere, sessualità e rischio tra gli adolescenti di origine straniera. Franco Angeli Edizioni; 2012.MarmocchiP. . Franco Angeli Edizioni; 2012.Search in Google Scholar
Rabaglietti E, Burk WJ, Giletta M. Regulatory self-efficacy as a moderator of peer socialization relating to Italian adolescents’ alcohol intoxication. Soc Dev 2012;21:522-536.RabagliettiEBurkWJGilettaM. Regulatory self-efficacy as a moderator of peer socialization relating to Italian adolescents’ alcohol intoxication. 2012;21:522-536.Search in Google Scholar