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Descriptions of two new and one known species of Parkellus Jairajpuri, Tahseen and Choi, 2001 (Nematoda: Mononchidae) and their phylogenetic position among Mononchida

Tam T.T. VU
Tam T.T. VU
, 
Katarzyna Rybarczyk-Mydłowska
Katarzyna Rybarczyk-Mydłowska
, 
Andrij Susulovsky
Andrij Susulovsky
, 
Magdalena Kubicz
Magdalena Kubicz
, 
Łukasz Flis
Łukasz Flis
, 
Thi Mai Linh Le
Thi Mai Linh Le
 und 
Grażyna Winiszewska
Grażyna Winiszewska
   | 25. Aug. 2021
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Online veröffentlicht: 25. Aug. 2021
Seitenbereich: 1 - 22
Eingereicht: 03. Dez. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-076
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© 2021 Tam T.T. VU et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Light micrographs of Parkellus hagiangensis sp. nov. Female. A. Anterior end, median section with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Anterior end, surface view. C. Entire body. D. Tail. E. Vulval region with advulval ventromedian vulval papillae. F. Body pores. G. Anterior genital branch. Scale bar: C = 200 µm, G = 50 µm, D = 45 µm, A, B, E = 20 µm, F = 10 µm.
Light micrographs of Parkellus hagiangensis sp. nov. Female. A. Anterior end, median section with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Anterior end, surface view. C. Entire body. D. Tail. E. Vulval region with advulval ventromedian vulval papillae. F. Body pores. G. Anterior genital branch. Scale bar: C = 200 µm, G = 50 µm, D = 45 µm, A, B, E = 20 µm, F = 10 µm.

Figure 2:

Light micrographs of Parkellus hagiangensis sp. nov. Male. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the longitudinal ridge. C. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. D. Sperm cells. E. Distal part of spicules. F. Excretory pore and ventromedian cuticular pores above and below of the excretory pore. G. Tail. H. Lateral guiding pieces. I. Proximal part of spicules. J. Entire body. Scale bar: J = 200 µm, F, G = 50 µm, A, D, E, H, I = 20 µm, B, C = 10 µm.
Light micrographs of Parkellus hagiangensis sp. nov. Male. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the longitudinal ridge. C. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. D. Sperm cells. E. Distal part of spicules. F. Excretory pore and ventromedian cuticular pores above and below of the excretory pore. G. Tail. H. Lateral guiding pieces. I. Proximal part of spicules. J. Entire body. Scale bar: J = 200 µm, F, G = 50 µm, A, D, E, H, I = 20 µm, B, C = 10 µm.

Figure 3:

Line drawings of Parkellus hagiangensis sp. nov. A. Anterior end of female, median section. B. Anterior end of male, median section. C. Female anterior genital branch. D. Female tail. E. Male tail. F. Vulval region with advulval ventromedian papillary structures. G. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bar: A, B, F, G = 20 µm, C–E = 50 µm.
Line drawings of Parkellus hagiangensis sp. nov. A. Anterior end of female, median section. B. Anterior end of male, median section. C. Female anterior genital branch. D. Female tail. E. Male tail. F. Vulval region with advulval ventromedian papillary structures. G. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bar: A, B, F, G = 20 µm, C–E = 50 µm.

Figure 4:

Light micrographs of Parkellus tuyenquangensis sp. nov. Female. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Body pores. C. Anterior genital branch. D. Entire body. E. Excretory pore. F. Tail. G. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. H, J. Vulval region. Scale bar: D = 200 µm, B, C = 50 µm, F = 45 µm, A, E, H–J = 20 µm, G = 10 µm.
Light micrographs of Parkellus tuyenquangensis sp. nov. Female. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Body pores. C. Anterior genital branch. D. Entire body. E. Excretory pore. F. Tail. G. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. H, J. Vulval region. Scale bar: D = 200 µm, B, C = 50 µm, F = 45 µm, A, E, H–J = 20 µm, G = 10 µm.

Figure 5:

Light micrographs of Parkellus tuyenquangensis sp. nov. Male. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Anterior end, surface view. C. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the longitudinal ridge. D. Excretory pore and ventromedian cuticular pores above and below of the excretory pores. E. Entire body. F. Lateral guiding pieces. G. Tail. H. Posterior end. I. Proximal part of spicules. Scale bar: E = 200 µm, H = 100 µm, D, G = 45 µm, A, B, F, I = 20 µm, C = 10 µm.
Light micrographs of Parkellus tuyenquangensis sp. nov. Male. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Anterior end, surface view. C. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the longitudinal ridge. D. Excretory pore and ventromedian cuticular pores above and below of the excretory pores. E. Entire body. F. Lateral guiding pieces. G. Tail. H. Posterior end. I. Proximal part of spicules. Scale bar: E = 200 µm, H = 100 µm, D, G = 45 µm, A, B, F, I = 20 µm, C = 10 µm.

Figure 6:

Line drawings of Parkellus tuyenquangensis sp. nov. A. Anterior end of female, median section. B. Anterior end of male, median section. C. Female anterior genital branch. D. Female tail. E. Male tail. F. Vulval region with advulval ventromedian papillary structures. G. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bar: A, B, F, G = 20 µm, C–E = 50 µm.
Line drawings of Parkellus tuyenquangensis sp. nov. A. Anterior end of female, median section. B. Anterior end of male, median section. C. Female anterior genital branch. D. Female tail. E. Male tail. F. Vulval region with advulval ventromedian papillary structures. G. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bar: A, B, F, G = 20 µm, C–E = 50 µm.

Figure 7:

Light micrographs of Parkellus zschokkei. Female. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the longitudinal ridge. C. Anterior end, surface view. D. Excretory pore. E. Tail. F. Oviduct-uterus sphincter. G. Entire body. H. Vulval region with advulval ventromedian vulval papillae. I. Vulval region. Scale bar: G = 200 µm, H = 50 µm, A, C–F, I = 20 µm, B = 10 µm.
Light micrographs of Parkellus zschokkei. Female. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the longitudinal ridge. C. Anterior end, surface view. D. Excretory pore. E. Tail. F. Oviduct-uterus sphincter. G. Entire body. H. Vulval region with advulval ventromedian vulval papillae. I. Vulval region. Scale bar: G = 200 µm, H = 50 µm, A, C–F, I = 20 µm, B = 10 µm.

Figure 8:

Light micrographs of Parkellus zschokkei. Male. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. C. Excretory pore. D. Sperm cells. E. Subventral papillae lying parallel to the supplements. F. Spicules. G. Entire body. H. Posterior end. I. Lateral guiding pieces. Scale bar: G = 200 µm, E, H = 50 µm, A–D, F, I = 20 µm.
Light micrographs of Parkellus zschokkei. Male. A. Anterior end, median section, with the focus on the dorsal tooth. B. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. C. Excretory pore. D. Sperm cells. E. Subventral papillae lying parallel to the supplements. F. Spicules. G. Entire body. H. Posterior end. I. Lateral guiding pieces. Scale bar: G = 200 µm, E, H = 50 µm, A–D, F, I = 20 µm.

Figure 9:

18S rDNA-based Bayesian phylogeny of the Mononchida. The new Parkellus species and the additionally studied P. zschokkei and Coomansus parvus are indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.
18S rDNA-based Bayesian phylogeny of the Mononchida. The new Parkellus species and the additionally studied P. zschokkei and Coomansus parvus are indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.

Figure 10:

28S rDNA-based Bayesian phylogeny of the Mononchida. The new Parkellus species and the additionally studied P. zschokkei and Coomansus parvus are indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.
28S rDNA-based Bayesian phylogeny of the Mononchida. The new Parkellus species and the additionally studied P. zschokkei and Coomansus parvus are indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.

Morphometrics of females and males of Parkellus hagiangensis sp. nov. from Ha Giang Province, Vietnam.

Du Gia natural reserve
Characters/ratios* Holotype Paratypes
n 1 female 1 female 3 males
L (µm) 2,112 1,769 2,162–2,900
a 26.0 27.2 29.0–34.9
b 3.9 3.7 3.8–4.1
c 16.4 15.2 21.4–23.2
c′ 2.8 2.7 1.7–2.1
V 69 70
Lip region height (µm) 13.3 12.2 12.0–13.6
Lip region width (µm) 40.5 40.2 44.8–46.4
Buccal cavity length (µm) 54.4 50.8 55.4–60.2
Buccal cavity width (µm) 29.9 29.1 28.8–31.6
Position of tooth apex (%) from anterior end of buccal cavity 75 76 71–74
Nerve ring from anterior end (µm) 143 138 152–170
Excretory pore from anterior end (µm) 173 153 177–196
Pharynx length (µm) 539 473 566–713
Maximum body width (µm) 78.3 65.0 74.7–83.0
Anal body width (µm) 45.5 42.7 55.0–65.2
Rectum/cloaca length (µm) 38.7 33.4 41.0–51.4
Spicules length (µm) 82.3–97.3
Lateral guiding piece length (µm) 18.2–22.2
Tail length (µm) 128 116 95–136

Morphometrics of females and males of Parkellus tuyenquangensis sp. nov. from Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam.

Cham Chu natural reserve
Character Holotype Paratypes Na Hang natural reserve
n female 3 females 3 males 11 females 12 males
L (µm) 2,205 2,185–2,487 2,235–2,648 2,995 ± 221.4 (2,726–3,363) 2,753 ± 152.8 (2,545–3,067)
a 29.8 25.5–31.8 28.7–31.7 30.5 ± 2.0 (28.0–30.0) 32.8 ± 2.0 (28.4–34.6)
b 3.6 3.8–4.0 3.8–4.0 4.4 ± 0.2 (4.1–4.7) 4.2 ± 0.1 (4.0–4.5)
c 17.2 18.2–19.8 17.3–26.3 19.7 ± 1.4 (18.1–22.4) 21.8 ± 1.1 (19.7–23.5)
c′ 2.6 2.5–2.7 1.7–2.1 2.8 ± 0.2 (2.3–3.0) 2.1 ± 0.1 (1.9–2.3)
V 68.0 69.0 68.7 ± 2.9 (67.0–73.0)
Lip region height (µm) 12.6 11.1–14.6 12.3–13.9 10.6 ± 0.8 (8.8–11.4) 11.3 ± 1.2 (9.7–13.2)
Lip region width (µm) 43.1 40.9–47.4 41.2–43.8 45.4 ± 2.8 (41.4–50.2) 44.8 ± 1.4 (43.0–46.6)
Buccal cavity length (µm) 57.7 52.5–60.4 53.9–58.7 56.6 ± 1.7 (54.6–60.7) 55.4 ± 1.6 (53.0–58.0)
Buccal cavity width (µm) 28.2 28.0–29.3 27.7–28.5 30.1 ± 0.7 (29.0–30.8) 29.0 ± 1.0 (27.3–30.8)
Position of tooth apex (%) from anterior end of buccal cavity 64.0 60.0–62.0 60.0–67.0 66.4 ± 1.6 (63.0–68.3) 66.9 ± 1.8 (64.0–70.0)
Nerve ring from anterior end (µm) 149 140–163 155–163 172 ± 11.5 (151–191) 170 ± 8.3 (158–180)
Excretory pore from anterior end (µm) 185 175–195 180–194 204 ± 11.0 (189–223) 199 ± 9.8 (185–216)
Pharynx length (µm) 606 543–635 569–655 686 ± 35.0 (636–750) 657 ± 26.6 (613–704)
Maximum body width (µm) 73.9 78.1–83.4 78.0–83.6 98.6 ± 9.9 (81.0–110.0) 86.1 ± 5.9 (76.5–96.8)
Anal body width (µm) 48.3 47.6–50.8 59.4–62.7 55.5 ± 2.5 (49.5–58.5) 61.2 ± 2.0 (58.5–65.0)
Rectum/cloaca length (µm) 39.9 40.1–42.2 49.0–60.0 46.0 ± 4.2 (38.3–51.8) 54,7± 3,9 (50.1–64.2)
Spicules length (µm) 97.0–104.8 103.7 ± 5.8 (95.0–110.0)
Lateral guiding piece length (µm) 12.6–17.8 16.3 ± 0.9 (15.0–17.6)
Tail length (µm) 128 120–127 101–129 152 ± 13.6 (122–169) 126.4 ± 7.6 (110–133)

Morphometrics of females and males of Parkellus zschokkei (Menzel, 1913) from Ukraine.

Characters/ratios* Uzhhorod
n 13 females 11 males
L (µm) 2900 ± 175.3 (2,569–3,174) 2748 ± 152.5 (2,454–3,012)
a 33.0 ± 2.4 (29.3–38.8) 36.6 ± 1.4 (34.1–39.7)
b 4.5 ± 0.2 (4.3–4.8) 4.3 ± 0.1 (4.0–4.5)
c 21.4 ± 1.7 (17.4–23.1) 23.4 ± 2.1 (21.0–27.8)
c′ 2.5 ± 0.2 (2.2–2.9) 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.0)
V 68.0 ± 1.3 (65.0–70.3)
Lip region height (µm) 12.8 ± 1.1 (10.1–13.9) 12.4 ± 1.0 (10.6–13.8)
Lip region width (µm) 42.7 ± 2.1 (38.7–46.8) 42.4 ± 1.9 (39.4–44.7)
Buccal cavity length (µm) 50.8 ± 1.6 (48.3–53.7) 51.2 ± 1.8 (47.1–54.5)
Buccal cavity width (µm) 24.9 ± 1.0 (23.3–26.6) 25.0 ± 0.5 (23.8–25.5)
Position of tooth apex (%) from anterior end of buccal cavity 54.5 ± 3.1 (47.4–59.5) 55.8 ± 2.1 (51.7–58.4)
Nerve ring from anterior end (µm) 189 ± 10.0 (169–202) 188 ± 8.9 (171–200)
Excretory pore from anterior end (µm) 218 ± 12.0 (197–241) 218 ± 7.3 (202–229)
Pharynx length (µm) 642 ± 35.2 (579–705) 641 ± 21.1 (606–667)
Maximum body width (µm) 88.0 ± 5.3 (75.3–93.2) 74.9 ± 4.8 (65.7–82.1)
Anal body width (µm) 53.4 ± 2.6 (50.8–60.4) 66.4 ± 5.1 (60.1–75.8)
Rectum/cloaca length (µm) 45.7 ± 2.5 (42.8–50.2) 54.5 ± 2.6 (50.1–59.0)
Spicules length (µm) 106 ± 2.9 (102–111)
Lateral guiding piece length (µm) 21.5 ± 1.3 (20.3–24.5)
Tail length (µm) 136 ± 8.6 (120–151) 118 ± 10.8 (94–134)
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