Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Morphological and molecular characterization of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from South Africa: First report

Chantelle Girgan
Chantelle Girgan
, 
Gerhard Du Preez
Gerhard Du Preez
, 
Hendrika Fourie
Hendrika Fourie
 und 
Milad Rashidifard
Milad Rashidifard
   | 01. Jan. 2021
Journal of Nematology's Cover Image
Über diesen Artikel
Vorheriger Artikel
Nächster Artikel
Zitieren
Online veröffentlicht: 01. Jan. 2021
Seitenbereich: 1 - 12
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-026
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Authors, published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Butlerius butleri. A: Female anterior region; B: Female stoma; C: Male stoma; D: Vulval region indicating four large glands opening into proximal part of uterus; E: Anterior branch of female genital tract; F: Male posterior region indicating genital papillae; G: Female tail; H: Female habitus; I: Male habitus. Scale bars: B to D, F, H: 10 µm; A, E: 20 µm; G: 50 µm; H, I: 100 µm.
Butlerius butleri. A: Female anterior region; B: Female stoma; C: Male stoma; D: Vulval region indicating four large glands opening into proximal part of uterus; E: Anterior branch of female genital tract; F: Male posterior region indicating genital papillae; G: Female tail; H: Female habitus; I: Male habitus. Scale bars: B to D, F, H: 10 µm; A, E: 20 µm; G: 50 µm; H, I: 100 µm.

Figure 2:

Light microscope pictures of females of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 from South Africa. A: Anterior region with stoma, arrow indicating excretory pore; B: Stoma; C: Base of corpus showing swollen metacorpus and junction with isthmus, arrow indicating excretory pore; D: Vulval region and posterior genital tract; E: Vulval region showing schlerotised dorsal wall of uterus and four large glands; F: Tail region cuticle with punctations and position of phasmid; G: Tail. Scale bars: B, C, E, F: 10 µm; A, D, G: 20 µm.
Light microscope pictures of females of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 from South Africa. A: Anterior region with stoma, arrow indicating excretory pore; B: Stoma; C: Base of corpus showing swollen metacorpus and junction with isthmus, arrow indicating excretory pore; D: Vulval region and posterior genital tract; E: Vulval region showing schlerotised dorsal wall of uterus and four large glands; F: Tail region cuticle with punctations and position of phasmid; G: Tail. Scale bars: B, C, E, F: 10 µm; A, D, G: 20 µm.

Figure 3:

Light microscope pictures of males of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 from South Africa. A: Stoma; B: Excretory pore; C: Anterior region showing cuticle with punctations and position of amphid; D: Cloacal region indicating cloacal flap, v5,6,7 clusters and posterior dorsal papilla; E: Cloacal region showing spicule and gubernaculum; F: Sphincter in mid-region of vas deferens. Scale bars: A to F: 10 µm.
Light microscope pictures of males of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 from South Africa. A: Stoma; B: Excretory pore; C: Anterior region showing cuticle with punctations and position of amphid; D: Cloacal region indicating cloacal flap, v5,6,7 clusters and posterior dorsal papilla; E: Cloacal region showing spicule and gubernaculum; F: Sphincter in mid-region of vas deferens. Scale bars: A to F: 10 µm.

Figure 4:

Bayesian phylogenetic tree with 50% majority rule of Butlerius butleri from South Africa using small subunit (SSU) rDNA gene sequences under GTR + G model (lnL = 7,712.8957; K = 117; freqA = 0.2568; freqC = 0.1991; freqG = 0.2542; freqT = 0.2900; rAC = 0.9137; rAG = 2.6380; rAT = 1.9015; rCG = 0.2936; rCT = 4.5476; rGT = 1.0000; gamma shape = 0.3330). The newly obtained sequences are indicated by bold font.
Bayesian phylogenetic tree with 50% majority rule of Butlerius butleri from South Africa using small subunit (SSU) rDNA gene sequences under GTR + G model (lnL = 7,712.8957; K = 117; freqA = 0.2568; freqC = 0.1991; freqG = 0.2542; freqT = 0.2900; rAC = 0.9137; rAG = 2.6380; rAT = 1.9015; rCG = 0.2936; rCT = 4.5476; rGT = 1.0000; gamma shape = 0.3330). The newly obtained sequences are indicated by bold font.

Figure 5:

Bayesian phylogenetic tree with 50% majority rule of Butlerius butleri from South Africa using Large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene sequences under GTR + I + G model (lnL = 11,826.2635; K = 111; freqA = 0.1404; freqC = 0.2230; freqG = 0.3544; freqT = 0.2822; rAC = 0.8351; rAG = 2.7011; rAT = 1.4534; rCG = 0.5981; rCT = 4.6690; rGT = 1.0000; gamma shape = 0.5020). The newly obtained sequences are indicated by bold font.
Bayesian phylogenetic tree with 50% majority rule of Butlerius butleri from South Africa using Large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene sequences under GTR + I + G model (lnL = 11,826.2635; K = 111; freqA = 0.1404; freqC = 0.2230; freqG = 0.3544; freqT = 0.2822; rAC = 0.8351; rAG = 2.7011; rAT = 1.4534; rCG = 0.5981; rCT = 4.6690; rGT = 1.0000; gamma shape = 0.5020). The newly obtained sequences are indicated by bold font.

Polymerase chain reaction steps used for amplification of the SSU and LSU rDNA genes.

35 cycles
Primers Initial denaturation Denaturation Annealing Extension Final extension
SSU F04/SSU R26 94°C 3 min 94°C 45 sec 54°C 45 sec 72°C 45 sec 72°C 6 min
D2A/D3B 94°C 3 min 94°C 45 sec 56°C 45 sec 72°C 45 sec 72°C 6 min

Morphometrics of two populations of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 females and males found in compost heaps in Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Population 1 Population 2
Characteristics Female (n = 7) Male (n = 10) Female (n = 3) Male (n = 2)
L 1,315 ± 90.2 (1,166-1,397) 1,193 ± 110.1 (1,082-1,365) 1,423.0* –, 1,399
L′ 979 ± 75.2 (880-1,086) 887 ± 68.2 (783-1,009) 1,140 ± 69.7 (1,093-1,220) 1,148, 1,136
a 44.5 ± 2.7 (40.8-47.6) 47.6 ± 6.0 (37.5-54.2) 39.9* –, 43.4
a′ 32.5 ± 2.2 (30.2-35.3) 35.3 ± 3.3 (29.3-39.6) 32.8 ± 1.9 (31.0-34.8) 36.8, 35.3
b 5.3 ± 0.4 (4.7-5.8) 5.2 ± 0.2 (4.9-5.4) 5.5* –, 5.4
b′ 3.9 ± 0.3 (3.5-4.1) 3.9 ± 0.2 (3.5-4.3) 4.3 ± 0.2 (4.1-4.5) 4.8, 4.4
c 4.6 ± 0.9 (4.0-6.0) 3.9 ± 0.4 (3.4-4.6) 4.5* –, 5.3
c′ 14.5 ± 2.0 (11.7-16.3) 13.5 ± 3.1 (8.7-16.9) 13.3* –, 9.2
V/T 45.7 ± 1.3 (43.5-46.6) 39.2 ± 3.2 (36.3-44.4) 45.3* –, 50.2
G1 12.6 ± 1.4 (11.4-14.8) – 13.0* –, –
G2 12.4 ± 0.9 (11.5-13.5) – 13.8* –, –
Body width at midbody 31 ± 3.1 (26-35) 25 ± 2.9 (20-30) 35 ± 1.1 (34-36) 31, 32
Labial region diameter 19 ± 1.9 (18-23) 17 ± 1.7 (14-20) 19 ± 0.7 (18-19) 18, 19
Cephalic setae length 8 ± 0.7 (8-9) 8 ± 0.9 (7-10) 7 ± 0.5 (7-8) 7, 7
Length of stoma 26 ± 1.5 (23-28) 24 ± 1.7 (21-27) 27 ± 0.6 (27-28) 26, 26
Stoma width 11 ± 1.1 (9-13) 10 ± 1.3 (8-12) 12 ± 0.9 (12-13) 12, 12
Cheilostom length 12 ± 0.8 (11-13) 10 ± 2.2 (5-13) 14 ± 1.6 (12-15) 13, 12
Gymnostom length 7 ± 1.0 (6-9) 7 ± 2.0 (5-10) 6 ± 0.4 (6-7) 6, 6
Stegostom length 7 ± 1.1 (6-9) 5 ± 1.1 (4-7) 7 ± 0.8 (6-8) 7, 8
Dorsal tooth length 9 ± 1.2 (7-10) 7 ± 0.9 (6-8) 7 ± 0.7 (6-7) 9, 7
Subventral tooth length 5 ± 0.9 (4-6) 4 ± 0.4 (4-5) 5 ± 0.7 (4-5) 5, 4
Corpus (procorpus and metacorpus) 137 ± 3.2 (133-141) 125 ± 7.2 (113-140) 144 ± 2.5 (142-147) 138, 134
Postcorpus (isthmus and basal bulb) 115 ± 5.3 (107-120) 102 ± 8.6 (86-118) 121 ± 5.2 (116-126) 102, 125
Pharynx (anterior end to base of basal bulb) 252 ± 8.1 (241-262) 227 ± 15.3 (199-258) 265 ± 6.4 (258-269) 240, 259
Excretory pore from anterior 191 ± 45.4 (163-243) 156 ± 9.4 (146-171) 157 ± 2.5 (155-158) –, 173
Nerve ring from anterior 140 ± 6.3 (133-149) 123 ± 10.6 (100-140) 146 ± 3.5 (143-150) 138, 134
Metacorpus width 22 ± 2.5 (19-26) 20 ± 1.2 (18-22) 28 ± 3.7 (25-32) 20, 23
Basal bulb width 22 ± 2.6 (18-25) 18 ± 1.5 (16-21) 27 ± 0.6 (27-28) 18, 22
Cardia length 9 ± 1.3 (8-12) 9 ± 3.1 (6-14) – 7, –
Anterior genital tract length 166 ± 27.8 (129-205) – 196 ± 11.8 (185-209) –
Posterior genital tract length 157 ± 15.2 (133-184) – 188 ± 7.1 (182-196) –
Body width at vulva 31 ± 3.2 (26-36) – 35 ± 1.5 (34-36) –
Vulva from anterior end 608 ± 42.5 (542-671) – 683 ± 49.5 (645-739) –
Vulva-anus distance 376 ± 32.1 (338-415) – 457 ± 27.2 (427-481) –
Vagina length 12 ± 2.5 (10-16) – 14 ± 2.1 (12-16) –
Rectum length 32 ± 2.6 (29-36) – 31 ± 5.3 (28-37) –
Body width at anus/cloaca 20 ± 1.6 (18-22) 24 ± 3.2 (19-28) 24 ± 0.4 (24-25) 26, 29
Testis length – 496 ± 72.0 (392-589) – 607, 703
Spicules length – 40 ± 2.7 (36-43) – 39, 43
Gubernaculum length – 27 ± 2.6 (23-31) – 30, 29
Tail length 290 ± 46.4 (225-325) 310 ± 43.2 (242-356) 317.0 –, 263
Phasmid posterior to anus 29 ± 1.5 (28-31) 36 ± 4.3 (30-44) – –, 37
eISSN:
2640-396X
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
Volume Open
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Biologie, andere
Zeitschrift RSS Feed