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First report of Cactodera milleri Graney and Bird, 1990 from Colorado and Minnesota

Andrea M. Skantar

Andrea M. Skantar

Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology LaboratoryBeltsville, USA
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Skantar, Andrea M.
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Zafar A. Handoo

Zafar A. Handoo

Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology LaboratoryBeltsville, USA
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Handoo, Zafar A.
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Mihail R. Kantor

Mihail R. Kantor

Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology LaboratoryBeltsville, USA
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Kantor, Mihail R.
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Saad L. Hafez

Saad L. Hafez

University of IdahoParma, USA
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Hafez, Saad L.
, 
Maria N. Hult

Maria N. Hult

Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology LaboratoryBeltsville, USA
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Hult, Maria N.
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Kathryn Kromroy

Kathryn Kromroy

Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection DivisionSaint Paul, USA
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Kromroy, Kathryn
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Kimberly Sigurdson

Kimberly Sigurdson

Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection DivisionSaint Paul, USA
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Sigurdson, Kimberly
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Michelle Grabowski

Michelle Grabowski

Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection DivisionSaint Paul, USA
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Grabowski, Michelle
  
01. Jan. 2021
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Online veröffentlicht: 01. Jan. 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-017
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Figure 1:

Photomicrographs of second-stage juveniles (J2) and cysts of Cactodera milleri from Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. A, B: J2 anterior ends; C, D: J2 tails; E: J2 lateral field; F: Cyst posterior (ventral view); G: Cyst cone mount.
Photomicrographs of second-stage juveniles (J2) and cysts of Cactodera milleri from Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. A, B: J2 anterior ends; C, D: J2 tails; E: J2 lateral field; F: Cyst posterior (ventral view); G: Cyst cone mount.

Figure 2:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 995 bp alignment of ITS 1 and 2 rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Punctodera chalcoensis as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold. Cactodera chenipodiae marked with an asterisk (*) reflect corrected identifications as described in Escobar-Avilia et al. (2020).
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 995 bp alignment of ITS 1 and 2 rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Punctodera chalcoensis as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold. Cactodera chenipodiae marked with an asterisk (*) reflect corrected identifications as described in Escobar-Avilia et al. (2020).

Figure 3:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 659 bp alignment of 28S rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Betulodera betulae as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 659 bp alignment of 28S rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Betulodera betulae as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other Heteroderidae, as inferred from a 2340 bp alignment of Hsp90 genomic DNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Helicotylenchus digonicus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other Heteroderidae, as inferred from a 2340 bp alignment of Hsp90 genomic DNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Helicotylenchus digonicus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 5:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO with other select Cactodera species nematodes, as inferred from a 358 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Rhizonemella sp. and Cryphodera sinensis as the outgroups. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO with other select Cactodera species nematodes, as inferred from a 358 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Rhizonemella sp. and Cryphodera sinensis as the outgroups. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Primers used for molecular analysis of Cactodera spp_

Primer Sequence (5′→3′) Marker References
D2A ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG 28S rDNA De Ley et al. (2005)
D3B TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA
TW81 GTTTCCGTAGGTGAACCTGC ITS rDNA Joyce et al. (1994)
AB28 ATATGCTTAAGTTCAGCGGGT
JB3 TTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTAT COI mtDNA Bowles et al. (1992)
JB4.5 TAAAGAAAGAACATAATGAAAATG
U288 GAYACVGGVATYGGNATGACYAA Hsp90 Skantar and Carta (2004)
L1110 TCRCARTTVTCCATGATRAAVAC
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