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First report of Cactodera milleri Graney and Bird, 1990 from Colorado and Minnesota

Andrea M. Skantar
Andrea M. Skantar
, 
Zafar A. Handoo
Zafar A. Handoo
, 
Mihail R. Kantor
Mihail R. Kantor
, 
Saad L. Hafez
Saad L. Hafez
, 
Maria N. Hult
Maria N. Hult
, 
Kathryn Kromroy
Kathryn Kromroy
, 
Kimberly Sigurdson
Kimberly Sigurdson
 und 
Michelle Grabowski
Michelle Grabowski
   | 01. Jan. 2021
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Online veröffentlicht: 01. Jan. 2021
Seitenbereich: 1 - 7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-017
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© 2021 Authors, published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Photomicrographs of second-stage juveniles (J2) and cysts of Cactodera milleri from Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. A, B: J2 anterior ends; C, D: J2 tails; E: J2 lateral field; F: Cyst posterior (ventral view); G: Cyst cone mount.
Photomicrographs of second-stage juveniles (J2) and cysts of Cactodera milleri from Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. A, B: J2 anterior ends; C, D: J2 tails; E: J2 lateral field; F: Cyst posterior (ventral view); G: Cyst cone mount.

Figure 2:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 995 bp alignment of ITS 1 and 2 rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Punctodera chalcoensis as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold. Cactodera chenipodiae marked with an asterisk (*) reflect corrected identifications as described in Escobar-Avilia et al. (2020).
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 995 bp alignment of ITS 1 and 2 rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Punctodera chalcoensis as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold. Cactodera chenipodiae marked with an asterisk (*) reflect corrected identifications as described in Escobar-Avilia et al. (2020).

Figure 3:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 659 bp alignment of 28S rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Betulodera betulae as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 659 bp alignment of 28S rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Betulodera betulae as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other Heteroderidae, as inferred from a 2340 bp alignment of Hsp90 genomic DNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Helicotylenchus digonicus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other Heteroderidae, as inferred from a 2340 bp alignment of Hsp90 genomic DNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Helicotylenchus digonicus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 5:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO with other select Cactodera species nematodes, as inferred from a 358 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Rhizonemella sp. and Cryphodera sinensis as the outgroups. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO with other select Cactodera species nematodes, as inferred from a 358 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Rhizonemella sp. and Cryphodera sinensis as the outgroups. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Primers used for molecular analysis of Cactodera spp.

Primer Sequence (5′→3′) Marker References
D2A ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG 28S rDNA De Ley et al. (2005)
D3B TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA
TW81 GTTTCCGTAGGTGAACCTGC ITS rDNA Joyce et al. (1994)
AB28 ATATGCTTAAGTTCAGCGGGT
JB3 TTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTAT COI mtDNA Bowles et al. (1992)
JB4.5 TAAAGAAAGAACATAATGAAAATG
U288 GAYACVGGVATYGGNATGACYAA Hsp90 Skantar and Carta (2004)
L1110 TCRCARTTVTCCATGATRAAVAC
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