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First report and new molecular and morphological characterizations of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, infecting ginger and long coriander in Vietnam


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Figure 1:

Meloidogyne javanica (Chitwood, 1949; Treub, 1885) from Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Eryngium foetidum L. in Vietnam. A to F: Females. A: Entire body; B, C: Anterior end regions; D: Stylet and median bulb extracted from female; E, F: Perineal patterns. G to K: Second-stage juvenile. G, H: Anterior end region; I: Lateral field; J, K: Tail regions. (Scale bar: A: 200 µm; B-K: 10 µm).
Meloidogyne javanica (Chitwood, 1949; Treub, 1885) from Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Eryngium foetidum L. in Vietnam. A to F: Females. A: Entire body; B, C: Anterior end regions; D: Stylet and median bulb extracted from female; E, F: Perineal patterns. G to K: Second-stage juvenile. G, H: Anterior end region; I: Lateral field; J, K: Tail regions. (Scale bar: A: 200 µm; B-K: 10 µm).

Figure 2:

The haplotype network shows the relationships between different haplotypes, circle size is equivalent to the number of studied populations and branch length is equivalent to the number of mutations (shown as small black circles). All populations from the same species are displayed by the same colors (except for the populations of M. javanica from Vietnam in this study).
The haplotype network shows the relationships between different haplotypes, circle size is equivalent to the number of studied populations and branch length is equivalent to the number of mutations (shown as small black circles). All populations from the same species are displayed by the same colors (except for the populations of M. javanica from Vietnam in this study).

Morphometric data of Meloidogyne javanica from different populations.

Population from ginger in Vietnam Population from long coriander in Vietnam Population from sugar cane in Indonesia (Whitehead, 1968) Population from tomato in Iran (Ghaderi et al., 2020)
Diagnostic characters J2 Female J2 Female J2 Female J2 Female
n 20 10 20 10 25 20 50 15
L 395 ± 18.7 (341-418) 693 ± 110 (570-882) 402 ± 42 (300-521) 554 ± 31 (522-584) 417 ± 22 (387-459) 657 ± 67 (541-804) 464 ± 19 (429-497) 686 ± 127 (506-1.01)
Lip height 2.6 ± 0.2 (2.2-2.9) 2.7 ± 0.6 (1.9-3.9) 2.9 ± 0.4 (2.2-4.1) 3.3 ± 0.3 (2.9-3.6)
Lip width 3.7 ± 0.4 (3.2-4.7) 6.3 ± 1.2 (4.6-8.6) 4.1 ± 0.4 (3.2-5.0) 6.2 ± 0.9 (5.2-7.7)
Stylet 11.3 ± 0.8 (9.9-12.5) 16.2 ± 0.7 (15.1-17.2) 11.0 ± 0.8 (9.0-13.2) 15.0 ± 1.7 (12.6-17.3) 10.4 ± 0.5 (9.4-11.4) 15 (14-18) 10 ± 0.5 (9-12) 15 ± 2 (13-18)
DGO 3.0 ± 0.4 (2.4-3.8) 5.1 ± 1.2 (3.0-6.6) 3.3 ± 0.6 (2.4-5.3) 6.1 ± 0.5 (5.5-6.6) 3 (2-5) 2.2 ± 0.5 (1.5-3.7) 3.1 ± 0.6 (2.0-3.9)
Distance from anterior end to median bulb 54.3 ± 2.5 (50-59) 53 ± 6.8 (39-74)
Distance from anterior end to pharyngo-intestinal junction 84  ±  5.0 (76-92) 76  ±  10.7 (53-98)
Distance from anterior end to excretory pore 82 ± 6.5 (65-94) 34 ± 3.2 (29-40) 80 ± 8.0 (60-98) 38 ± 5.8 (34-48) 190 ± 30 (145-270)
Maximum body diameter 14.3 ± 0.8 (12.7-15.9) 445 ± 1,123 (269-602) 13.1 ± 1.8 (8.8-17.2) 271 ± 35 (237-306) 431 ± 63 (311-581) 15 ± 1.5 (12-18) 420 ± 99 (274-568)
Body diameter at anus 10.3  ±  0.8 (9.0-11.2) 9.7  ±  1.0 (7.3-12.0)
Tail length 50  ±  4.2 (42-57) 48 ± 6 (31-63) 49 ± 4 (36-56) 55 ± 5 (40-66)
Hyaline 13 ± 2.2 (9.1-17) 13.7 ± 2.0 (9.1-17) 13 ± 4 (7-20)
Distance from anterior end to end of pharynx 165 ± 14.6 (135-183) 150 ± 20 (103-210) 193 ± 23 (90-216)
a 28 ± 1.8 (24-32) 1.6 ± 0.3 (1.2-2.1) 31.1 ± 4.9 (22-50) 2.1 ± 0.1 (1.9-2.2) 30.6 ± 2.07 (27.1-35.9) 31 ± 3 (25-39) 1.7 ± 0.4 (1.2-2.6)
b 4.8 ± 0.4 (3.7-5.4) 5.4 ± 0.6 (3.7-7.2) 2.42 ± 0.291 (2.1-3.35) 5.2 ± 1.4 (4.3-12.4)
b′ 2.4 ± 0.3 (2.0-3.1) 2.7 ± 0.4 (2.0-3.6) 2.5 ± 0.5 (2.0-5.2)
c 8.0 ± 0.6 (7.3-9.4) 8.4 ± 1.0 (6.8-10.8) 8.5 ± 0.68 (7.3-11.1) 8.5 ± 0.8 (7.2-11.3)
c′ 4.8 ± 0.5 (3.8-5.9) 4.9 ± 0.6 (3.8-6.9) 5.7 ± 0.5 (4.7-7.2)
Neck length 204 ± 50 (139-279) 272 ± 36 (235-307) 259 ± 87 (153-540)
Ratio of body length to length of neck 3.6 ± 0.8 (2.0-4.6) 2.1 ± 0.2 (1.9-2.2)
Vulva slit length 18.4 ± 1.9 (15.6-21.6) 19.8 ± 1.0 (18.2-20.9) 21 ± 3 (15-27)
Vulva–anus distance 15.2 ± 1.0 (13.1-16.2) 16.4 ± 1.0 (15.6-18.0) 16 ± 4 (12-28)
Anus-tail tip distance 12.3 ± 2 (9.3-15.8) 10.6 ± 2.6 (8-14.8)
Distance between two phasmids 16.8 ± 3.4 (13-24.4) 20 ± 3.2 (17-24) 24.4 ± 0.3 (15-34) 78 ± 16 (58-108)
eISSN:
2640-396X
Sprache:
Englisch
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