Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae and its bacterial symbiont in Cauca-Colombia

Adams, B. J., Fodor, A., Koppenhöfer, H. S., Stackenbrandt, E., Stock, S. P. and Klein, M. G. 2006. Biodiversity and systematic of nematode–bacterium entomopathogens. Biological Control 38:4–21. Adams B. J. Fodor A. Koppenhöfer H. S. Stackenbrandt E. Stock S. P. and Klein M. G. 2006 . Biodiversity and systematic of nematode–bacterium entomopathogens . Biological Control 38 : 4 – 21 . 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.11.008 Search in Google Scholar

Akhurst, R. J. and Boemare, N. E. 2015. “Xenorhabdus”, Pp. 831–838. In Whitman, W. B., Rainey, F., Kämpfer, P., Trujillo, M., Chun, J., DeVos, P., Hedlund, B. and Dedysh, S. (Eds), Bergey’s manual of systematics of archaea and bacteria. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, doi: 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01173. Akhurst R. J. and Boemare N. E. 2015 . “ Xenorhabdus ”, Pp. 831 – 838 . In Whitman W. B. Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M. Chun J. DeVos P. Hedlund B. and Dedysh S. (Eds ), Bergey’s manual of systematics of archaea and bacteria . New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons , doi: 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01173 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. and Lipman, D. J. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215:403–410, doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2. Altschul S. F. Gish W. Miller W. Myers E. W. and Lipman D. J. 1990 . Basic local alignment search tool . Journal of Molecular Biology 215 : 403 – 410 , doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Banu, J. G., Cannayane, I. and Meena, S. K. 2017. “Entomopathogenic nematodes: general biology and behaviour”, In Abd-Elgawad, M. M. M., Askary, T. H. and Coupland, J. (Eds), Biocontrol agents: entomopathogenic and slug parasitic nematodes CABI Publishing, Wallington, pp. 63–87. Banu J. G. Cannayane I. and Meena S. K. 2017 . “ Entomopathogenic nematodes: general biology and behaviour ”, In Abd-Elgawad M. M. M. Askary T. H. and Coupland J. (Eds ), Biocontrol agents: entomopathogenic and slug parasitic nematodes CABI Publishing , Wallington , pp. 63 – 87 . 10.1079/9781786390004.0063 Search in Google Scholar

Bedding, R. A. and Akhurst, R. J. 1975. A simple technique for the detection of insect parasitic rhabditid nemadodes in soil. Nematologica 21:109–116.. Bedding R. A. and Akhurst R. J. 1975 . A simple technique for the detection of insect parasitic rhabditid nemadodes in soil . Nematologica 21 : 109 – 116. . 10.1163/187529275X00419 Search in Google Scholar

Boemare, N. E. and Akhurst, R. J. 2015. “Photorhabdus”, Pp. 831–838 In Whitman, W. B., Rainey, F., Kämpfer, P., Trujillo, M., Chun, J., DeVos, P., Hedlund, B. and Dedysh, S. (Eds), Bergey’s manual of systematics of archaea and bacteria. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, doi: 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01159. Boemare N. E. and Akhurst R. J. 2015 . “ Photorhabdus ”, Pp. 831 – 838 In Whitman W. B. Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M. Chun J. DeVos P. Hedlund B. and Dedysh S. (Eds ), Bergey’s manual of systematics of archaea and bacteria . New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons , doi: 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01159 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cabi.org. 2018. Invasive Species Compendium, Steinernema carpocapsae. available at: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/51706 (accessed March 26, 2019). Cabi.org . 2018 . Invasive Species Compendium, Steinernema carpocapsae . available at: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/51706 (accessed March 26, 2019 ). Search in Google Scholar

Campos-Herrera, R. and Gutiérrez, C. 2009. A laboratory study on the activity of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Rioja strain against horticultural insect pests. Journal of Pest Science 82:305–309, doi: 10.1007/s10340-009-0247-z. Campos-Herrera R. and Gutiérrez C. 2009 . A laboratory study on the activity of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Rioja strain against horticultural insect pests . Journal of Pest Science 82 : 305 – 309 , doi: 10.1007/s10340-009-0247-z . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Campos-Herrera, R., Escuer, M., Labrador, S., Robertson, L., Barrios, L. and Gutiérrez, C. 2007. Distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes from La Rioja (Northern Spain). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 95:125–139, doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.003. Campos-Herrera R. Escuer M. Labrador S. Robertson L. Barrios L. and Gutiérrez C. 2007 . Distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes from La Rioja (Northern Spain) . Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 95 : 125 – 139 , doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.003 . 17386935 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Çimen, H., Půža, V., Nermuť, J., Hatting, J., Ramakuwela, T., Faktorová, L. and Hazir, S. 2016. Steinernema beitlechemi n. sp., a new entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from South Africa. Nematology 18:439–453, doi: 10.1163/15685411-00002968. Çimen H. Půža V. Nermuť J. Hatting J. Ramakuwela T. Faktorová L. and Hazir S. 2016 . Steinernema beitlechemi n. sp., a new entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from South Africa . Nematology 18 : 439 – 453 , doi: 10.1163/15685411-00002968 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cowles, C. E. and Goodrich-Blair, H. 2008. The Xenorhabdus nematophila nilABC genes confer the ability of Xenorhabdus spp. to colonize Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes. Journal of Bacteriology 190:4121–4128, doi: 10.1128/JB.00123-08. Cowles C. E. and Goodrich-Blair H. 2008 . The Xenorhabdus nematophila nilABC genes confer the ability of Xenorhabdus spp. to colonize Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes . Journal of Bacteriology 190 : 4121 – 4128 , doi: 10.1128/JB.00123-08 . 244677018390667 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

De Brida, A. L., Rosa, J. M., Oliveira, C. M., Castro, B. M., Serrão, J. E., Zanuncio, J. C., Leite, L. G. and Wilcken, S. R. 2017. Entomopathogenic nematodes in agricultural areas in Brazil. Scientific Reports 7:1–7, doi: 10.1038/srep45254. De Brida A. L. Rosa J. M. Oliveira C. M. Castro B. M. Serrão J. E. Zanuncio J. C. Leite L. G. and Wilcken S. R. 2017 . Entomopathogenic nematodes in agricultural areas in Brazil . Scientific Reports 7 : 1 – 7 , doi: 10.1038/srep45254 . 538277228382937 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Delgado-Gamboa, J. R., Ruíz-Vega, J., Ibarra-Rendón, J. E., Aquino-Bolaños, T. and Giron-Pablo, S. 2015. Isolation and Identification of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) and Potential for Controlling Scyphophorus acupunctatus in a Laboratory. Southwestern Entomologist 40:731–739, doi: 10.3958/059.040.0401. Delgado-Gamboa J. R. Ruíz-Vega J. Ibarra-Rendón J. E. Aquino-Bolaños T. and Giron-Pablo S. 2015 . Isolation and Identification of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) and Potential for Controlling Scyphophorus acupunctatus in a Laboratory . Southwestern Entomologist 40 : 731 – 739 , doi: 10.3958/059.040.0401 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Edgar, R. C. 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32:1792–1797, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh340. Edgar R. C. 2004 . MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput . Nucleic Acids Research 32 : 1792 – 1797 , doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh340 . 39033715034147 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Edgington, S., Buddie, A. G., Moore, D., France, A., Merino, L., Tymo, L. M. and Hunt, D. J. 2010. Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in Chile. Nematology 12:915–928, doi: 10.1163/138855410X498897. Edgington S. Buddie A. G. Moore D. France A. Merino L. Tymo L. M. and Hunt D. J. 2010 . Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in Chile . Nematology 12 : 915 – 928 , doi: 10.1163/138855410X498897 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ettema, C. H. 2006. “Nematodes”, In Lal, R. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of soil science 2nd ed. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, Vol. 2, pp. 1114–1118. Ettema C. H. 2006 . “ Nematodes ”, In Lal R. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of soil science 2nd ed. New York, NY : Taylor & Francis Group, LLC , Vol. 2, pp. 1114 – 1118 . Search in Google Scholar

Feil, W. S., Feil, H. and Copeland, A. 2004. Bacterial genomic DNA isolation using CTAB. Joint Genome Institute, available at: http://1ofdmq2n8tc36m6i46scovo2e.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/JGI-Bacterial-DNA-isolation-CTAB-Protocol-2012.pdf (accessed July 13, 2018). Feil W. S. Feil H. and Copeland A. 2004 . Bacterial genomic DNA isolation using CTAB . Joint Genome Institute, available at: http://1ofdmq2n8tc36m6i46scovo2e.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/JGI-Bacterial-DNA-isolation-CTAB-Protocol-2012.pdf (accessed July 13, 2018 ). Search in Google Scholar

Foelkel, E., Voss, M., Monteiro, L. B. and Nishimura, G. 2017. Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes in an apple orchard in Southern Brazil and its virulence to Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, under laboratory conditions. Brazilian Journal of Biology 77:22–28, doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.08315. Foelkel E. Voss M. Monteiro L. B. and Nishimura G. 2017 . Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes in an apple orchard in Southern Brazil and its virulence to Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, under laboratory conditions . Brazilian Journal of Biology 77 : 22 – 28 , doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.08315 . 27383002 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Griffin, C. T., Boemare, N. T. and Lewis, E. E. 2005. “Biology and behaviour”, In Grewal, P. S., Ehlers, R. U. and Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. (Eds), Nematodes as biocontrol agents. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, pp. 48–49. Griffin C. T. Boemare N. T. and Lewis E. E. 2005 . “ Biology and behaviour ”, In Grewal P. S. Ehlers R. U. and Shapiro-Ilan D. I. (Eds ), Nematodes as biocontrol agents . Wallingford : CABI Publishing , pp. 48 – 49 . Search in Google Scholar

Hazir, S., Kaya, H. K., Stock, S. P. and Keskin, N. 2003. Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) for biological control of soil pests. Turkish Journal of Biology 27:181–202. Hazir S. Kaya H. K. Stock S. P. and Keskin N. 2003 . Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) for biological control of soil pests . Turkish Journal of Biology 27 : 181 – 202 . Search in Google Scholar

Hominick, W. M. 2002. “Biogeography”, in Gaugler, R. (Ed.), Entomopathogenic nematology CABI Publishing, New Brunswick, 118–136. Hominick W. M. 2002 . “ Biogeography ”, in Gaugler R. (Ed.), Entomopathogenic nematology CABI Publishing , New Brunswick , 118 – 136 . Search in Google Scholar

Hominick, W. M., Briscoe, B. R., del Pino, F. G., Heng, J., Hunt, D. J., Kozodoy, E., Mracek, Z., Nguyen, K. B., Reid, A. P., Spiridonov, S., Stock, P., Sturhan, D., Waturu, C. and Yoshida, M. 1997. Biosystematics of entomopathogenic nematodes: current status, protocols and definitions. Journal of Helminthology 71:271–298, doi: 10.1017/S0022149X00016096. Hominick W. M. Briscoe B. R. del Pino F. G. Heng J. Hunt D. J. Kozodoy E. Mracek Z. Nguyen K. B. Reid A. P. Spiridonov S. Stock P. Sturhan D. Waturu C. and Yoshida M. 1997 . Biosystematics of entomopathogenic nematodes: current status, protocols and definitions . Journal of Helminthology 71 : 271 – 298 , doi: 10.1017/S0022149X00016096 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jaffuel, G., Blanco-Pérez, R., Hug, A. -S., Chiriboga, X., Meuli, R. G., Mascher, F., Turlings, T. C. J. and Campos-Herrera, R. 2018. The evaluation of entomopathogenic nematode soil food web assemblages across Switzerland reveals major differences among agricultural, grassland and forest ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 262:48–57, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.04.008. Jaffuel G. Blanco-Pérez R. Hug A. -S. Chiriboga X. Meuli R. G. Mascher F. Turlings T. C. J. and Campos-Herrera R. 2018 . The evaluation of entomopathogenic nematode soil food web assemblages across Switzerland reveals major differences among agricultural, grassland and forest ecosystems . Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 262 : 48 – 57 , doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.04.008 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Journey, A. M. and Ostlie, K. R. 2000. Biological Control of the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Using the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae. Environmental Entomology 29:822–831, doi: 10.1603/0046-225X-29.4.822. Journey A. M. and Ostlie K. R. 2000 . Biological Control of the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Using the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae . Environmental Entomology 29 : 822 – 831 , doi: 10.1603/0046-225X-29.4.822 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kaplan, E. L. and Meier, P. 1958. Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association 53:457–481, doi: 10.2307/2281868. Kaplan E. L. and Meier P. 1958 . Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations . Journal of the American Statistical Association 53 : 457 – 481 , doi: 10.2307/2281868 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kazimierczak, W., Skrzypek, H., Sajnaga, E., Skowronek, M., Waśko, A. and Kraft, A. 2017. Strains of Photorhabdus spp. associated with polish Heterorhabditis isolates: their molecular and phenotypic characterization and symbiont exchange. Archives of Microbiology 199:979–989, doi: 10.1007/s00203-017-1368-z. Kazimierczak W. Skrzypek H. Sajnaga E. Skowronek M. Waśko A. and Kraft A. 2017 . Strains of Photorhabdus spp. associated with polish Heterorhabditis isolates: their molecular and phenotypic characterization and symbiont exchange . Archives of Microbiology 199 : 979 – 989 , doi: 10.1007/s00203-017-1368-z . 28382473 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kimura, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16:111–120, doi: 10.1007/BF01731581. Kimura M. 1980 . A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences . Journal of Molecular Evolution 16 : 111 – 120 , doi: 10.1007/BF01731581 . 7463489 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. and Tamura, K. 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35:1547–1549, doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy096. Kumar S. Stecher G. Li M. Knyaz C. and Tamura K. 2018 . MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms . Molecular Biology and Evolution 35 : 1547 – 1549 , doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy096 . 596755329722887 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Labaude, S. and Griffin, C. T. 2018. Transmission success of entomopathogenic nematodes used in pest control. Insects 9:1–20, doi: 10.3390/insects9020072. Labaude S. and Griffin C. T. 2018 . Transmission success of entomopathogenic nematodes used in pest control . Insects 9 : 1 – 20 , doi: 10.3390/insects9020072 . 602335929925806 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lacey, L. A. and Georgis, R. 2012. Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of insect pests above and below ground with comments on commercial production. Journal of Nematology 44:218–225. Lacey L. A. and Georgis R. 2012 . Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of insect pests above and below ground with comments on commercial production . Journal of Nematology 44 : 218 – 225 . Search in Google Scholar

Liu, J. and Berry, R. E. 1995. Natural distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) in Oregon soils. Environmental Entomology 24:159–163, doi: 10.1093/ee/24.1.159. Liu J. and Berry R. E. 1995 . Natural distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) in Oregon soils . Environmental Entomology 24 : 159 – 163 , doi: 10.1093/ee/24.1.159 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Londoño, M. E., Kondo, D. T., Carabalí, A., Varón, E. and Caicedo, A. M. 2014. “Insectos y Ácaros”, In Bernal, J., Díaz, C., Osorio, C., Tamayo, A., Osorio, W., Córdoba, O., Londoño, M. E., Kondo, D. T., Carabalí, A., Varón, E., Caicedo, A. M., Tamayo, P. J., Sandoval, A., Forero, F., García, J. and Londoño, M. (Eds), Actualización Tecnológica y Buenas Práctica Agrícolas (BPA) en el Cultivo de Aguacate Corpoica, Medellín, pp. 227–284. Londoño M. E. Kondo D. T. Carabalí A. Varón E. and Caicedo A. M. 2014 . “ Insectos y Ácaros ”, In Bernal J. Díaz C. Osorio C. Tamayo A. Osorio W. Córdoba O. Londoño M. E. Kondo D. T. Carabalí A. Varón E. Caicedo A. M. Tamayo P. J. Sandoval A. Forero F. García J. and Londoño M. (Eds), Actualización Tecnológica y Buenas Práctica Agrícolas (BPA) en el Cultivo de Aguacate Corpoica , Medellín , pp. 227 – 284 . Search in Google Scholar

López-Llano, R. A. and Soto-Giraldo, A. 2016. Aislamiento de nematodos entomopatógenos nativos en cultivos de caña panelera y pruebas de patogenicidad sobre Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural 20:114–123. López-Llano R. A. and Soto-Giraldo A. 2016 . Aislamiento de nematodos entomopatógenos nativos en cultivos de caña panelera y pruebas de patogenicidad sobre Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) . Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural 20 : 114 – 123 . 10.17151/bccm.2016.20.2.8 Search in Google Scholar

López-Núñez, J. C., Cano, L., Góngora-Botero, C. E. and Stock, S. P. 2007. Diversity and evolutionary relationships of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) from the Central Andean region of Colombia. Nematology 9:333–341, doi: 10.1163/156854107781351972. López-Núñez J. C. Cano L. Góngora-Botero C. E. and Stock S. P. 2007 . Diversity and evolutionary relationships of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) from the Central Andean region of Colombia . Nematology 9 : 333 – 341 , doi: 10.1163/156854107781351972 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

López-Núñez, J. C., Plichta, K., Góngora-Botero, C. E. and Stock, S. P. 2008. A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema colombiense n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), from Colombia. Nematology 10:561–574, doi: 10.1163/156854108784513879. López-Núñez J. C. Plichta K. Góngora-Botero C. E. and Stock S. P. 2008 . A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema colombiense n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), from Colombia . Nematology 10 : 561 – 574 , doi: 10.1163/156854108784513879 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Manachini, B., Schillaci, D. and Arizza, V. 2013. Biological Responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 106:1582–1589, doi: 10.1603/EC13031. Manachini B. Schillaci D. and Arizza V. 2013 . Biological Responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology 106 : 1582 – 1589 , doi: 10.1603/EC13031 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Manton, J. L., Hollingsworth, R. G. and Cabos, R. Y. M. 2012. Potential of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Against Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Hawaii. Florida Entomologist 95:1194–1197, doi: 10.1653/024.095.0452. Manton J. L. Hollingsworth R. G. and Cabos R. Y. M. 2012 . Potential of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Against Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Hawaii . Florida Entomologist 95 : 1194 – 1197 , doi: 10.1653/024.095.0452 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Melo, E. L., Ortega, C. A., Susurluk, A., Gaigl, A. and Bellotti, A. C. 2009. Poblaciones nativas de nematodos entomopatógenos (Rhabditida) en cuatro departamentos de Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Entomología 35:28–33. Melo E. L. Ortega C. A. Susurluk A. Gaigl A. and Bellotti A. C. 2009 . Poblaciones nativas de nematodos entomopatógenos (Rhabditida) en cuatro departamentos de Colombia . Revista Colombiana de Entomología 35 : 28 – 33 . 10.25100/socolen.v35i1.9185 Search in Google Scholar

Morise, H., Miyazaki, E., Yoshimitsu, S. and Eki, T. 2012. Profiling nematode communities in unmanaged flowerbed and agricultural field soils in Japan by DNA barcode sequencing. PLoS ONE 7:1–10, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051785. Morise H. Miyazaki E. Yoshimitsu S. and Eki T. 2012 . Profiling nematode communities in unmanaged flowerbed and agricultural field soils in Japan by DNA barcode sequencing . PLoS ONE 7 : 1 – 10 , doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051785 . 352750423284767 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Mráček, Z., Bečvář, S., Kindlmann, P. and Jersáková, J. 2005. Habitat preference for entomopathogenic nematodes, their insect hosts and new faunistic records for the Czech Republic. Biological Control 34:27–37, doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.023. Mráček Z. Bečvář S. Kindlmann P. and Jersáková J. 2005 . Habitat preference for entomopathogenic nematodes, their insect hosts and new faunistic records for the Czech Republic . Biological Control 34 : 27 – 37 , doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.023 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Nei, M. and Kumar, S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nei M. and Kumar S. 2000 . Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics . Oxford : Oxford University Press . Search in Google Scholar

Nguyen, K. B., Malan, A. P. and Gozel, U. 2006. Steinernema khoisanae n. sp (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa. Nematology 8:157–175, doi: 10.1163/156854106777998728. Nguyen K. B. Malan A. P. and Gozel U. 2006 . Steinernema khoisanae n. sp (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa . Nematology 8 : 157 – 175 , doi: 10.1163/156854106777998728 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Orozco, R. A., Lee, M. M. and Stock, S. P. 2014. Soil sampling and isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae). Journal of Visualized Experiments 89:1–8, doi: 10.3791/52083. Orozco R. A. Lee M. M. and Stock S. P. 2014 . Soil sampling and isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) . Journal of Visualized Experiments 89 : 1 – 8 , doi: 10.3791/52083 . 421446725046023 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Parker, J., Miles, C., Murray, T. and Snyder, W. 2012. Organic management of flea beetles. Washington State University PNW 640:1–9. Parker J. Miles C. Murray T. and Snyder W. 2012 . Organic management of flea beetles . Washington State University PNW 640 : 1 – 9 . Search in Google Scholar

Peterson, M. E., Daniel, R. M., Danson, M. J. and Eisenthal, R. 2007. The dependence of enzyme activity on temperature: determination and validation of parameters. Biochemical Journal 402:331–337, doi: 10.1042/BJ20061143. Peterson M. E. Daniel R. M. Danson M. J. and Eisenthal R. 2007 . The dependence of enzyme activity on temperature: determination and validation of parameters . Biochemical Journal 402 : 331 – 337 , doi: 10.1042/BJ20061143 . 179844417092210 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Poinar, G. O. 1972. Nematodes as facultative parasites of insects. Annual Review of Entomology 17:103–122. Poinar G. O. 1972 . Nematodes as facultative parasites of insects . Annual Review of Entomology 17 : 103 – 122 . 10.1146/annurev.en.17.010172.000535 Search in Google Scholar

Ponomarova, O. and Patil, K. R. 2015. Metabolic interactions in microbial communities: untangling the Gordian knot. Current Opinion in Microbiology 27:37–44, doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.06.014. Ponomarova O. and Patil K. R. 2015 . Metabolic interactions in microbial communities: untangling the Gordian knot . Current Opinion in Microbiology 27 : 37 – 44 , doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.06.014 . 26207681 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rizvi, P. Q., Ahmad, S. K., Choudhury, A. and Ali, A. 2012. “Biopesticides in ecologically-based integrated pest management”, In Abrol, D. P. and Shankar, U. (Ed.), Integrated pest management principles and practice. London: CAB International, pp. 133–161. Rizvi P. Q. Ahmad S. K. Choudhury A. and Ali A. 2012 . “ Biopesticides in ecologically-based integrated pest management ”, In Abrol D. P. and Shankar U. (Ed. ), Integrated pest management principles and practice . London : CAB International , pp. 133 – 161 . 10.1079/9781845938086.0133 Search in Google Scholar

San-Blas, E., Pembroke, B. and Gowen, S. R. 2012. Scavenging and infection of different hosts by Steinernema carpocapsae. Nematropica 42:123–130. San-Blas E. Pembroke B. and Gowen S. R. 2012 . Scavenging and infection of different hosts by Steinernema carpocapsae . Nematropica 42 : 123 – 130 . Search in Google Scholar

San-Blas, E., Campos-Herrera, R., Dolinski, C., Monteiro, C., Andaló, V., Leite, L. G., Rodríguez, M. G., Morales-Montero, P., Sáenz-Aponte, A., Cedano, C., López-Nuñez, J. C., Del Valle, E., Doucet, M., Lax, P., Navarro, P. D., Báez, F., Llumiquinga, P., Ruiz-Vega, J., Guerra-Moreno, A. and Stock, S. P. 2019. Entomopathogenic nematology in Latin America: a brief history, current research and future prospects. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 165:22–45, doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.03.010. San-Blas E. Campos-Herrera R. Dolinski C. Monteiro C. Andaló V. Leite L. G. Rodríguez M. G. Morales-Montero P. Sáenz-Aponte A. Cedano C. López-Nuñez J. C. Del Valle E. Doucet M. Lax P. Navarro P. D. Báez F. Llumiquinga P. Ruiz-Vega J. Guerra-Moreno A. and Stock S. P. 2019 . Entomopathogenic nematology in Latin America: a brief history, current research and future prospects . Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 165 : 22 – 45 , doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.03.010 . 30940472 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., Han, R. and Qiu, X. 2014. “Production of entomopathogenic nematodes”, In Morales-Ramos, J. A., Rojas, M. G. and Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. (Eds), Mass production of beneficial organisms: invertebrates and entomopathogens. Waltham: Academic Press, pp. 321–355. Shapiro-Ilan D. I. Han R. and Qiu X. 2014 . “ Production of entomopathogenic nematodes ”, In Morales-Ramos J. A. Rojas M. G. and Shapiro-Ilan D. I. (Eds ), Mass production of beneficial organisms: invertebrates and entomopathogens . Waltham : Academic Press , pp. 321 – 355 . 10.1016/B978-0-12-391453-8.00010-8 Search in Google Scholar

Sneath, P. H. A. and Sokal, R. R. 1973. Numerical taxonomy: the principles and practice of numerical classification. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman. Sneath P. H. A. and Sokal R. R. 1973 . Numerical taxonomy: the principles and practice of numerical classification . San Francisco, CA : W. H. Freeman . Search in Google Scholar

Stock, S. P. 2015. “Diversity, biology and evolutionary relationships”, In Campos-Herrera, R. (Ed.), Nematode pathogenesis of insects and other pests: ecology and applied technologies for sustainable plant and crop protection. Neuchâtel, Cham: Springer, pp. 3–27. Stock S. P. 2015 . “ Diversity, biology and evolutionary relationships ”, In Campos-Herrera R. (Ed. ), Nematode pathogenesis of insects and other pests: ecology and applied technologies for sustainable plant and crop protection . Neuchâtel, Cham : Springer , pp. 3 – 27 . 10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7_1 Search in Google Scholar

Stock, S. P., Campbell, J. F. and Nadler, S. A. 2001. Phylogeny of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Cephalobina: Steinernematidae) inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological characters. Journal of Parasitology 87:877–889, doi: 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0877: POSTCS]2.0.CO;2. Stock S. P. Campbell J. F. and Nadler S. A. 2001 . Phylogeny of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Cephalobina: Steinernematidae) inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological characters . Journal of Parasitology 87 : 877 – 889 , doi: 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0877: POSTCS]2.0.CO;2. 10.2307/3285148 Search in Google Scholar

Stuart, R. J., Barbercheck, M. E. and Grewal, P. S. 2015. “Entomopathogenic Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Distributions, Interactions and the Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors”, In Campos-Herrera, R. (Ed.), Nematode Pathogenesis of insects and other pests: ecology and applied technologies for sustainable plant and crop protection Springer, Neuchâtel, Cham, 97–137. Stuart R. J. Barbercheck M. E. and Grewal P. S. 2015 . “ Entomopathogenic Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Distributions, Interactions and the Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors ”, In Campos-Herrera R. (Ed. ), Nematode Pathogenesis of insects and other pests: ecology and applied technologies for sustainable plant and crop protection Springer , Neuchâtel, Cham , 97 – 137 . 10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7_4 Search in Google Scholar

Stuart, R. J., Barbercheck, M. E., Grewal, P. S., Taylor, R. A. J. and Hoy, C. W. 2006. Population biology of entomopathogenic nematodes: Concepts, issues, and models. Biological Control 38:80–102. Stuart R. J. Barbercheck M. E. Grewal P. S. Taylor R. A. J. and Hoy C. W. 2006 . Population biology of entomopathogenic nematodes: Concepts, issues, and models . Biological Control 38 : 80 – 102 . 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.019 Search in Google Scholar

Tailliez, P., Pagès, S., Ginibre, N. and Boemare, N. 2006. New insight into diversity in the genus Xenorhabdus, including the description of ten novel species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56:2805–2818, doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.64287-0. Tailliez P. Pagès S. Ginibre N. and Boemare N. 2006 . New insight into diversity in the genus Xenorhabdus, including the description of ten novel species . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56 : 2805 – 2818 , doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.64287-0 . 17158981 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tailliez, P., Laroui, C., Ginibre, N., Paule, A., Pagès, S. and Boemare, N. 2010. Phylogeny of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus based on universally conserved protein-coding sequences and implications for the taxonomy of these two genera. Proposal of new taxa: X. vietnamensis sp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov., and the reclassification of P. luminescens subsp. thracensis as P. temperata subsp. thracensis comb. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60:1921–1937, doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.014308-0. Tailliez P. Laroui C. Ginibre N. Paule A. Pagès S. and Boemare N. 2010 . Phylogeny of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus based on universally conserved protein-coding sequences and implications for the taxonomy of these two genera. Proposal of new taxa: X. vietnamensis sp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov., and the reclassification of P. luminescens subsp. thracensis as P. temperata subsp. thracensis comb. nov . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60 : 1921 – 1937 , doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.014308-0 . 19783607 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tamura, K. 1992. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G + C-content biases. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9:678–687, doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040752. Tamura K. 1992 . Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G + C-content biases . Molecular Biology and Evolution 9 : 678 – 687 , doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040752 . 1630306 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tamura, K. and Nei, M. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10:512–526, doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040023. Tamura K. and Nei M. 1993 . Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees . Molecular Biology and Evolution 10 : 512 – 526 , doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040023 . 8336541 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Van Zyl, C. and Malan, A. P. 2014. The role of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents of insect pests, with emphasis on the history of their mass culturing and in vivo production. African Entomology 22:235–249, doi: 10.4001/003.022.0222. Van Zyl C. and Malan A. P. 2014 . The role of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents of insect pests, with emphasis on the history of their mass culturing and in vivo production . African Entomology 22 : 235 – 249 , doi: 10.4001/003.022.0222 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Varón de Agudelo, F. and Castillo, G. 2001. Seminario – Taller sobre identificación de nematodos de importancia agrícola ICA and Asociación Colombiana de Fitopatología (Ascolfi), Palmira. Varón de Agudelo F. and Castillo G. 2001 . Seminario – Taller sobre identificación de nematodos de importancia agrícola ICA and Asociación Colombiana de Fitopatología (Ascolfi) , Palmira . Search in Google Scholar

Vrain, T. C., Wakarchuk, D. A., Lévesque, A. C. and Hamilton, R. I. 1992. Intraspecific rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum group. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15:563–573. Vrain T. C. Wakarchuk D. A. Lévesque A. C. and Hamilton R. I. 1992 . Intraspecific rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum group . Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15 : 563 – 573 . Search in Google Scholar

White, G. F. 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science 66:302–303, doi: 10.1126/science.66.1709.302-a. White G. F. 1927 . A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures . Science 66 : 302 – 303 , doi: 10.1126/science.66.1709.302-a . 17749713 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yan, X., Waweru, B., Qiu, X., Hategekimana, A., Kajuga, J., Li, H., Edgington, S., Umulisa, C., Han, R. and Toepfer, S. 2016. New entomopathogenic nematodes from semi-natural and small-holder farming habitats of Rwanda. Biocontrol Science and Technology 26:820–834, doi: 10.1080/09583157.2016.1159658. Yan X. Waweru B. Qiu X. Hategekimana A. Kajuga J. Li H. Edgington S. Umulisa C. Han R. and Toepfer S. 2016 . New entomopathogenic nematodes from semi-natural and small-holder farming habitats of Rwanda . Biocontrol Science and Technology 26 : 820 – 834 , doi: 10.1080/09583157.2016.1159658 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yoon, S. H., Ha, S. M., Kwon, S., Lim, J., Kim, Y., Seo, H. and Chun, J. 2017. Introducing EzBioCloud: a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA and whole genome assemblies. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67:1613–1617, doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001755. Yoon S. H. Ha S. M. Kwon S. Lim J. Kim Y. Seo H. and Chun J. 2017 . Introducing EzBioCloud: a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA and whole genome assemblies . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 : 1613 – 1617 , doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001755 . 556354428005526 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar