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Mitochondrial COI gene is valid to delimitate Tylenchidae (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha) species

Mengxin Bai
Mengxin Bai
, 
Xue Qing
Xue Qing
, 
Kaikai Qiao
Kaikai Qiao
, 
Xulan Ning
Xulan Ning
, 
Shun Xiao
Shun Xiao
, 
Xi Cheng
Xi Cheng
 und 
Guokun Liu
Guokun Liu
   | 24. Apr. 2020
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Online veröffentlicht: 24. Apr. 2020
Seitenbereich: 1 - 12
Eingereicht: 03. Jan. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-038
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© 2020 Mengxin Bai et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

SEM pictures of Lelenchus leptosome population 1, 2 (de Man, 1880; Andrássy, 1954). (A, B) Lelenchus leptosome population 1; (C-J) Lelenchus leptosome population 2. (A, B, C) lip region; (D) anterior body (excretory pore indicated by arrow); (E) lateral view of the vulva; (F) excretory pore; (G) annulation at mid-body; (H) lateral view of cloacal aperture; (I) anus; (J) tail. (Scale bars: A, B, C, E, G=1 μm; D, H, J=10 μm ; F, I=2 μm).
SEM pictures of Lelenchus leptosome population 1, 2 (de Man, 1880; Andrássy, 1954). (A, B) Lelenchus leptosome population 1; (C-J) Lelenchus leptosome population 2. (A, B, C) lip region; (D) anterior body (excretory pore indicated by arrow); (E) lateral view of the vulva; (F) excretory pore; (G) annulation at mid-body; (H) lateral view of cloacal aperture; (I) anus; (J) tail. (Scale bars: A, B, C, E, G=1 μm; D, H, J=10 μm ; F, I=2 μm).

Figure 2:

LM pictures of Lelenchus leptosome populations 1 and 2. (K-N) Lelenchus leptosome population 1; (A-J) Lelenchus leptosome population 2. (A, B, K) body habitus; (C) anterior body; (D) ventral view of the vulva; (E) pharyngeal bulb; (F) lateral view of female reproductive system; (G-I, L, M) different image planes of cephalic region; (J) spicule and gubernaculum; (N) vulval to the anus. (Scale bar: 10 μm).
LM pictures of Lelenchus leptosome populations 1 and 2. (K-N) Lelenchus leptosome population 1; (A-J) Lelenchus leptosome population 2. (A, B, K) body habitus; (C) anterior body; (D) ventral view of the vulva; (E) pharyngeal bulb; (F) lateral view of female reproductive system; (G-I, L, M) different image planes of cephalic region; (J) spicule and gubernaculum; (N) vulval to the anus. (Scale bar: 10 μm).

Figure 3:

Line drawing of Lelenchus leptosoma population 2. (A, C, D, F) female; (B, E) male; (A, B) body habitus; (C) tail; (D) cephalic region; (E) spicule and gubernaculum; (F) anterior body; (G) reproductive system.
Line drawing of Lelenchus leptosoma population 2. (A, C, D, F) female; (B, E) male; (A, B) body habitus; (C) tail; (D) cephalic region; (E) spicule and gubernaculum; (F) anterior body; (G) reproductive system.

Figure 4:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree interfered with mitochondrial COI gene. New sequences original to this study are indicated in bold. Branch support is PP value in BI analysis.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree interfered with mitochondrial COI gene. New sequences original to this study are indicated in bold. Branch support is PP value in BI analysis.

Figure 5:

The maximum likelihood tree interfered on the mitochondrial COI gene. New sequences original to this study are indicated in bold. Branch support is BS value from ML analysis.
The maximum likelihood tree interfered on the mitochondrial COI gene. New sequences original to this study are indicated in bold. Branch support is BS value from ML analysis.

Figure 6:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree interfered with the 18S rRNA gene. New sequences original to this study are indicated in bold. Branch support is indicated in the following order: PP value in BI analysis/BS value from ML analysis.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree interfered with the 18S rRNA gene. New sequences original to this study are indicated in bold. Branch support is indicated in the following order: PP value in BI analysis/BS value from ML analysis.

Figure 7:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree interfered with the 28S rRNA gene. New sequences original to this study are indicated in bold. Branch support is indicated in the following order: PP value in BI analysis/BS value from ML analysis.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree interfered with the 28S rRNA gene. New sequences original to this study are indicated in bold. Branch support is indicated in the following order: PP value in BI analysis/BS value from ML analysis.

The compositional bias (GC content) and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd codon position nucleotide alignments.

Taxa
Nucleotide composition Tylenchidae Criconematina Hoplolaimina
GC 28.72 22.54 29.42
GC 1st 39.80 28.07 38.82
GC 2nd 35.14 35.07 36.61
GC 3rd 11.23 4.48 12.84

The p-distance of COI gene between studied Tylenchidae species.

LFJ LFZ CR AG BA BT PH CC FV LL1 LL2 MB TA LB
LFJ 99.5
LFZ 78.9 99.5
CR 83.0 81.4 100
AG 83.2 81.3 99.8 99.5
BA 79.8 76.2 81.5 81.3 99.5
BT 78.7 76.6 82.4 82.3 79.4 99.8
PH 72.5 73.5 77. 8 77.7 73.2 77.2 100
CC 80.5 78.2 87.5 87.3 79.8 80.8 75.7 98.6
FV 82.4 79.5 83.3 83.2 80.9 82.5 76.3 82.4 100
LL1 76.8 76.8 81.0 81.1 71.7 73.9 70.8 77.6 75.1 96.0
LL2 79.2 81.2 84.4 84.2 75.5 79.0 75.1 82.8 80.1 86.9 97.7
MB 81.1 78.8 82.6 82.5 78.1 81.8 74.8 81.0 82.7 74.0 79.6 99.7
TA 82.4 79.2 88. 9 88.8 81.8 85.6 78.5 83.7 83.8 76.7 81.3 84.7 100
LB 84.1 81.2 86.6 87.0 81.5 81.5 72.9 87.2 84.3 77.9 84.6 84.0 84.9 0

List species examined in this study and their corresponding sampling locations.

Species GPS coordinates Al. Vegetation environment
Labrys fujianensis 26°04´52.9˝N,119°14´26.7˝E 28 Scrubland soil with ferns and bamboo
Labrys fuzhouensis 26°08´57.6˝N,119°17´34.4˝E 107 Rhizosphere of Alpinia zerumbet
Coslenchus rafiqi 26°05´08.2˝N,119°14´10.0˝E 27 Swamp soil
Coslenchus costatus 26°05´00.9˝N, 119°14´32.6˝E 25 Rhizosphere soil of bamboo
Boleodorus thylactus 26°08´57.6˝N,119°17´34.4˝E 107 Rhizosphere soil of Alpinia zerumbet
Aglenchus geraerti 26°09´09.2˝N,119°17´35.7˝E 88 Rhizosphere soil of grass near the bamboo
Basiria aberrans 26°09´56.3˝N,117°55´34.2˝E 644 Rhizosphere soil of peanut
Filenchus vulgaris 26°05´00.9˝N,119°14´32.6˝E 25. Rhizosphere soil of bamboo
Lelenchus leptosoma 1 26°05´00.9˝N,119°14´32.6˝E 25. Rhizosphere soil of bamboo
Lelenchus leptosoma 2 26°08´57.3˝N,119°17´34.1˝E 107 Rhizosphere soil of Litchi chinensis
Malenchus bryanti 43°48´53.1˝N,125°24´40.3˝E 225 Rhizosphere soil of aspen
Tylenchus arcuatus 26°05´23.9˝N,119°14´00.3˝E 12 Rhizosphere soil of locust tree
Psilenchus hilarulus 26°05´09.4˝N,119°13´50.2˝E 7 Rhizosphere soil of grass
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