The genus
Available information about
Several
Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of several crops and orchards of East–West Azarbaijan and Kurdistan provinces, northwest Iran, during the period 2010–2017. Nematodes were extracted following the protocols by Jenkins (1964) and Whitehead and Heming (1965), transferred to anhydrous glycerin according to De Grisse (1969), and mounted on glass slides for handling.
Mounted specimens were observed under an Olympus BX 41 light microscope equipped with a drawing tube and a DP50 digital camera attached to it. Morphometrics include Demanian indices and the usual measurements and ratios. Line illustrations were prepared using CorelDRAW® software version 12. Microphotographs were edited using Adobe® Photoshop® CS software.
For the molecular study of the new species, DNA samples were extracted from a live adult nematode, hand-picked, and placed on a clean slide containing a drop of distilled water or worm lysis buffer (WLB) and crushed by a sterilized scalpel. Then, the suspension was transferred to an Eppendorf tube containing 25.65 μl ddH2O, 2.85 μl 10 × PCR buffer and 1.5 μl proteinase K (600 μg/ml) (Promega, Benelux, the Netherlands). The tubes were incubated at
Morphometric data for
Sufiyan population | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Locality | Female | Bokan population | Marand population | |
Characters | Holotype | Paratypes | Female | Female |
n | – | 7 | 8 | 2 |
L | 1.49 | 1.53 ± 0.08 | 1.41 ± 0.09 | 1.27 ± 0.07 |
(1.40–1.57) | (1.33–1.54) | (1.22–1.33) | ||
a | 45 | 42.0 ± 3.3 | 47.0 ± 2.8 | 46.0 ± 2.3 |
(40.0–47.0) | (42.0–50.0) | (43.0–49.0) | ||
b | 4.4 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.7 |
(4.3–4.8) | (4.0–5.0) | (3.9–4.0) | ||
c | 68 | 75.0 ± 6.1 | 70.0 ± 4.7 | 68.0 ± 1.4 |
(65.0–84.0) | (66.0–75.0) | (67.0–70.0) | ||
c´ | 1 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 0.9 ± 0.07 | 0.9 ± 0.01 |
(0.7–1.0) | (0.8–1.0) | (0.8–1.0) | ||
V | 50 | 49.0 ± 1.0 | 49.0 ± 1.0 | 51.0 ± 2.3 |
(47.0–50.0) | (48.0–51.0) | (49.0–54.0) | ||
Lip region diam. | 8 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 8.2 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.5 |
(8.0–9.0) | (7.5–9.0) | (7.0–9.0) | ||
Odontostyle length | 20 | 19.0 ± 0.7 | 19.0 ± 1.4 | 20.0 ± 0.4 |
(18.0–20.0) | (18.0–20.5) | (19.0–21.0) | ||
Odontophore length | 18 | 17.0 ± 0.8 | 16.5 ± 0.2 | 17.0 ± 1.8 |
(15.0–18.0) | (16.0–17.0) | (16.0–19.0) | ||
Guiding ring from ant. end | 13 | 13.0 ± 0.5 | 13.5 ± 0.0 | 14.0 ± 0.0 |
(12.0–14.0) | (13.5) | (14.0) | ||
Neck length | 325 | 335 ± 7 | 340 ± 15 | 315 ± 10 |
(325–348) | (304–356) | (309–328) | ||
Phar. expansion length | 148 | 150.0 ± 2.8 | 149.0 ± 5.2 | 138.0 ± 4.7 |
(147.0–155.0) | (138.0–161.0) | (133.0–144.0) | ||
Body diam. at neck base | 30 | 33.0 ± 1.9 | 29.0 ± 1.8 | 26.0 ± 0.0 |
mid |
(30.0–38.0) | (27.0–31.0) | (26.0) | |
32 | 35.0 ± 1.6 | 29.0 ± 0.4 | 27.5 ± 0.3 | |
(32.0–38.0) | (28.0–30.0) | (27.0–28.0) | ||
20 | 23.0 ± 2.6 | 19.5 ± 1.1 | 20.0 ± 0.6 | |
(20.0–26.0) | (18.0–21.0) | (19.0–21.0) | ||
Prerectum length | 75 | 71 ± 11 | 67.0 ± 3.1 | 83.0 ± 2.0 |
(57–90) | (62.0–73.0) | (82.0–85.0) | ||
Rectum length | 18 | 19.0 ± 1.8 | 20.0 ± 1.2 | 20.5 ± 0.4 |
(18.0–23.0) | (19.0–22.0) | (20.0–21.0) | ||
Tail length | 21 | 20.0 ± 1.8 | 19.0 ± 2.0 | 18.5 ± 0.2 |
(18.0–23.0) | (17.5–23.0) | (18.0–19.0) |
Nematode species, locality, associated host and sequences used in this study.
Species | Locality | Host-plant | Accession number |
---|---|---|---|
|
Gorgan province, Iran | – | KP190119 |
|
Hamedan province, Iran | – | KP190120 |
|
– | – | EF207240 |
|
– | – | AY593054 |
|
KY881719 | ||
|
– | – | KR184124 |
|
– | – | KR184125 |
|
Andimeshk, Khuzestan province, Iran | Mosses in a natural region | KX691911 |
|
Sabalan mountains, Iran | Grasslands | KR184127 |
|
Arasbaran forests, Kaleybar, East-Azarbayjan province, Iran | Grasses | KR184126 |
|
Kerman, Iran | – | KP963962 |
|
– | – | HM235515 |
|
– | – | AY593042 |
|
– | – | AY593062 |
|
– | – | AY593052 |
|
– | – | AY593053 |
|
– | – | AY593050 |
|
Damghan, Semnan province, Iran | Fruit trees | MH346473 |
|
Noshahr, Mazandaran province, Iran | Forest trees | MH346474 |
|
Germany | Sediment | MF325343 |
|
Germany | Sediment | MF325344 |
|
West-Azarbaijan province, Iran | Grasses | MH346476 |
|
West-Azarbaijan province, Iran | Grasses | MH346477 |
|
Sufiyan, East |
Black cherry trees ( |
MN855359 |
|
Astara forests, north-western Iran | Forest trees | KP204547 |
The newly generated sequences were aligned with the other segments of 28S rDNA gene sequences available in GenBank using MEGA6 software (Tamura et al., 2013).
Systematics
Female: slender (
Phylogenetic tree of the
The new species resembles
A Nblast search of the D2-D3 sequence of
Morphometric data for six Iranian populations of
Locality | Urmia population | Divandarreh population | Bokan population | Maragheh population | Sufiyan population | Basmenj population |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characters | Female | Female | Female | Female | Female | Female |
n | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 |
L | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 1.10 ± 0.01 | 0.99 ± 0.07 | 1.00 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 0.99 ± 0.03 |
(0.83–1.00) | (0.91–1.22) | (0.90–1.10) | (0.90–1.10) | (0.90–0.99) | (0.96–1.06) | |
a | 39.0 ± 2.4 | 40.5 ± 0.5 | 39.0 ± 2.3 | 35.5 ± 1.4 | 38.0 ± 1.9 | 34.8 ± 2.0 |
(36.5–42.0) | (36.5–50.5) | (34.5–41.5) | (34.0–37.0) | (36.0–41.0) | (35.0–37.0) | |
b | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 3.8 ± 0.2 |
(3.5–4.5) | (3.8–5.0) | (3.5–4.0) | (4.0–4.5) | (3.9–4.2) | (3.5–4.2) | |
c | 47.0 ± 4.6 | 60.5 ± 5.5 | 52.0 ± 0.5 | 60.5 ± 6.4 | 54.0 ± 3.4 | 58.6 ± 7.7 |
(42.0–52.5) | (55.0–68.0) | (44.5–59.0) | (52.0–72.0) | (50.0–59.0) | (46.0–68.0) | |
c´ | 1.1 ± 0.08 | 0.9 ± 0.09 | 1.0 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 0.81 ± 0.07 |
(1.0–1.2) | (0.7–1.1) | (0.9–1.1) | (0.8–0.9) | (0.9–1.0) | (0.7–0.9) | |
V | 48.0 ± 2.5 | 45.5 ± 0.8 | 46.0 ± 1.4 | 46.0 ± 1.3 | 47.0 ± 1.6 | 44.3 ± 3.2 |
(44.0–52.0) | (44.5–47.0) | (44.0–48.0) | (44.0–47.0) | (45.0–49.0) | (41.0–49.0) | |
Lip region diam. | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 10.6 ± 0.2 | 10.0 ± 0.6 | 10.0 ± 0.5 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 8.8 ± 0.4 |
(8.0–9.0) | (10.0–11.0) | (8.0–11.0) | (9.0–11.0) | (8.0–9.0) | (8.0–9.0) | |
Odontostyle length | 15.0 ± 0.5 | 18.0 ± 0.5 | 15.3 ± 0.1 | 17.5 ± 0.2 | 16.0 ± 0.0 | 15.9 ± 0.9 |
(14.5–16.0) | (17.5–18.5) | (14.0–17.0) | (16.0–18.0) | (16.0) | (15–17.5) | |
Odontophore length | 19.5 ± 0.6 | 15.6 ± 2.1 | 16.6 ± 1.8 | 20.8 ± 1.3 | 14.2 ± 0.6 | 19.6 ± 0.9 |
(19.0–20.5) | (13.0–18.5) | (14.1–19.3) | (19.0–22.0) | (13.0–15.0) | (17.0–21.0) | |
Guiding ring from ant. end | 10.3 ± 0.5 | 11.2 ± 0.4 | 10.6 ± 0.8 | 10.3 ± 0.4 | 10.2 ± 0.4 | 11.3 ± 0.4 |
(10.0–11.4) | (11.0–12.0) | (9.0–12.0) | (10.0–11.0) | (9.0–11.0) | (9.6–12.0) | |
Neck length | 238 ± 13 | 265 ± 14 | 259 ± 21 | 302 ± 13 | 236 ± 11 | 254 ± 10 |
(223–255) | (233–295) | (228–293) | (228–329) | (219–248) | (243–266) | |
Phar. expansion length | 91.2 ± 8.3 | 104.2 ± 3.1 | 89.6 ± 9.7 | 108.2 ± 4.4 | 96.0 ± 9.1 | 101.0 ± 5.2 |
(84.0–105.0) | (102.0–108.0) | (81.0–106.0) | (101.0–116.0) | (85.0–108.0) | (95.0–109.0) | |
Body diam. at neck base | 26.2 ± 0.4 | 29.6 ± 2.7 | 22.2 ± 1.5 | 26.0 ± 0.7 | 23.0 ± 0.7 | 26.0 ± 0.9 |
(25.0–27.0) | (25.0–34.0) | (21.0–24.1) | (25.0–27.0) | (22.0–24.0) | (25.0–27.0) | |
mid |
27.4 ± 0.3 | 32.2 ± 2.0 | 23.3 ± 0.8 | 28.3 ± 0.4 | 24.8 ± 0.1 | 28.2 ± 1.3 |
(27.0–28.2) | (28.0–37.0) | (22.0–25.0) | (27.0–29.1) | (24.0–25.0) | (27.0–30.0) | |
anus | 18.3 ± 0.5 | 22.3 ± 2.3 | 18.1 ± 0.6 | 20.0 ± 0.7 | 18.0 ± 0.7 | 20.0 ± 1.7 |
(17.0–19.0) | (20.0–25.0) | (17.0–19.0) | (19.0–21.0) | (17.0–19.0) | (19.0–22.0) | |
Prerectum length | 72.6 ± 13.2 | 85.1 ± 12.4 | 55.2 ± 7.7 | 82.2 ± 2.2 | 40.0 ± 6.8 | 64.3 ± 5.1 |
(52.0–94.0) | (72.0–101.0) | (50.3–64.0) | (77.0–88.0) | (30.2–50.0) | (59.0–69.0) | |
Rectum length | 17.6 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 1.5 | 14.3 ± 0.5 | 18.1 ± 1.2 | 16.0 ± 2.4 | 22.0 ± 2.2 |
(16.0–18.0) | (18.0–22.0) | (13.0–16.0) | (16.0–20.0) | (14.0–20.0) | (19.0–25.0) | |
Tail length | 18.5 ± 0.8 | 17.5 ± 0.9 | 19.0 ± 0.7 | 16.7 ± 1.2 | 18.0 ± 0.8 | 17.1 ± 2.4 |
(17.5–22.5) | (16.5–21.0) | (18.0–20.0) | (14.0–18.0) | (17.0–19.0) | (15.0–21.0) |
Key to species of the genus
(Modified after Álvarez-Ortega and Peña-Santiago, 2014)