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Natural occurrence and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) in Viti Levu, Fiji Islands

Sumeet Kour
Sumeet Kour
, 
Uma Khurma
Uma Khurma
, 
Gilianne Brodie
Gilianne Brodie
 und 
Selcuk Hazir
Selcuk Hazir
   | 19. März 2020
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Online veröffentlicht: 19. März 2020
Seitenbereich: 1 - 17
Eingereicht: 29. Sept. 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-017
Schlüsselwörter
© 2020 Sumeet Kour et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Map of Fiji Islands.
Map of Fiji Islands.

Figure 2:

Map of Viti Levu showing sites where entomopathogenic nematodes were found.
Map of Viti Levu showing sites where entomopathogenic nematodes were found.

Figure 3:

Maximum parsimony tree inferred from sequence of ITS rDNA regions in 17 known Heterorhabditis species and native isolates of Heterorhabditis spp., with C. elegans as out group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap values.
Maximum parsimony tree inferred from sequence of ITS rDNA regions in 17 known Heterorhabditis species and native isolates of Heterorhabditis spp., with C. elegans as out group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap values.

Occurrence of H. indica in Viti Levu with different soil physical & chemical parameters.

Categories Total samples Positive samples Recovery frequency (%)
Sand content (%)
<30 142 0 0
30-45 132 1 0.75
45-60 87 5 5.7
60-75 67 15 22.3
75-90 41 8 19.5
>90 9 6 66.6
Silt content (%)
<20 177 26 14.6
20-30 150 7 4.6
30-40 92 0 0
40-50 43 2 4.6
50-60 12 0 0
>60 4 0 0
Clay content (%)
<20 126 31 24.6
20-30 114 4 3.5
30-40 137 0 0
40-50 60 0 0
50-60 29 0 0
60-70 11 0 0
>70 1 0 0
Soil texture
Clay 96 0 0
Clay loam 124 0 0
Fine sand 12 7 58.3
Loam 27 1 3.7
Loamy fine sand 25 6 24
Sandy clay 9 0 0
Sandy clay loam 83 5 6
Sandy loam 69 16 23.2
Silt loam 10 0 0
Silty clay 12 0 0
Silty clay loam 11 0 0
Soil pH
4.0-4.5 7 0 0
4.5-5.0 22 0 0
5.0-5.5 58 1 1.74
5.5-6.0 104 5 4.8
6.0-6.5 153 19 12.4
6.5-7.0 89 9 10.11
7.0-7.5 37 1 2.7
>7.5 8 0 0
Soil organic content
<3% 236 22 9.3
3-5% 156 7 4.4
5-7% 73 2 2.7
7-9% 9 2 22.2
>9% 4 2 50
Soil moisture
3-6% 1 0 0
6-9% 11 0 0
9-12% 189 15 7.9
12-15% 154 10 6.4
15-18% 76 5 6.5
18-21% 36 3 8.3
>21% 11 2 18.1
Soil temperature
<26°C 68 3 4.41
26-27°C 78 4 5.12
27-28°C 78 5 6.41
28-29°C 80 7 8.7
29-30°C 66 5 7.5
30-31°C 62 11 17.7
>31°C 46 0 0

Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in different province and habitat types.

Categories Total samples Positive samples Recovery frequency (%)
Province
Ba 154 7 4.5
Nadroga-Navosa 99 18 18.2
Naitisiri 43 1 2.3
Namosi 19 0 0
Ra 65 8 12.3
Rewa 33 0 0
Serua 27 1 3.7
Tailevu 38 0 0
Habitat type
Coastline/Dunes 40 10 25
Farm 71 2 2.81
Forest 125 2 1.6
Gardens/Park 10 0 0
Grassland 136 7 5.14
Riverside 79 12 15.1
Roadside verge 17 2 11.7

Distribution of H. indica in Viti Levu at different environmental variables.

Categories Total samples Positive samples Recovery frequency (%)a
Climatic zone
Leeward 255 26 10.1
Windward 223 9 4.0
Mean annual rainfall (mm)
<2,300 218 24 11
2,300-2,900 99 9 9
2,900-3,500 91 1 1
3,500-4,100 52 1 1.9
>4,100 18 0 0
Av annual max air temp (°C)
<28.0 18 0 0
28.0-28.5 70 1 1.4
28.5-29.0 73 1 1.3
29.0-29.5 175 27 15.4
29.5-30.0 49 4 8.1
30.0-30.5 72 2 2.7
>30.5 21 0 0
Av annual min air temp (°C)
<19 18 0 0
19-20 73 1 1.3
20-21 148 20 13.5
21-22 80 1 1.25
>22 159 13 8.1
eISSN:
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Sprache:
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