Allgood JW, Chaplin H. Idiopathic acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia: a review of forty-seven cases treated from 1955 through 1965. Am J Med 1967;43:254–73.10.1016/0002-9343(67)90168-4Search in Google Scholar
Petz LD. Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemias. Curr Opin Hematol 2001;8:411–6.10.1097/00062752-200111000-00016Search in Google Scholar
King KE, Ness PM. The autoimmune hemolytic anemias. In: Young NS, Gerson SL, High KA, eds. Clinical Hematology. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2006:315–39.Search in Google Scholar
Petz LD, Garratty G. Management of autoimmune hemolytic anemias. In: Petz LD, Garratty G, eds. Immune Hemolytic Anemias. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2004:401–58.Search in Google Scholar
Frank MM, Schreiber AD, Atkinson JP, Jaffe CJ. Pathophysiology of immune hemolytic anemia. Ann Intern Med 1977;87:210–22.10.7326/0003-4819-87-2-210Search in Google Scholar
Rosse WF. Quantitative immunology of immune hemolytic anemia. II. The relationship of cell-bound antibody to hemolysis and the effect of treatment. J Clin Invest 1971;50:734–43.10.1172/JCI106544Search in Google Scholar
Dameshek W, Komninos ZD. The present status of treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with ACTH and cortisone. Blood 1956;11:648–64.10.1182/blood.V11.7.648.648Search in Google Scholar
Zupanska B, Sylwestrowicz T, Pawelski S. The results of prolonged treatment of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Haematologia 1981;14: 425–33.Search in Google Scholar
Akpek G, McAneny D, Weintraub L. Comparative response to splenectomy in Coombs-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia with or without associated disease. Am J Hematol 1999;61:98–102.10.1002/(SICI)1096-8652(199906)61:2<98::AID-AJH4>3.0.CO;2-GSearch in Google Scholar
Bisharat N, Omari H, Lari H, et al. Risk of infection and death among post-splenectomy patients. J Infect 2001;43:182–6.10.1053/jinf.2001.0904Search in Google Scholar
Worlledge S. Immune haemolytic anemias. In: Hardesty RM, Weatherall DJ, eds. Blood and Its Disorders. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1974:714–62.Search in Google Scholar
Gomard-Mennesson E, Ruivard M, Koenig M, et al. Treatment of isolated severe immune hemolytic anaemia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: 26 cases. Lupus 2006;15:223–31.10.1191/0961203306lu2292oaSearch in Google Scholar
Emilia G, Messora C, Longo G, Bertesi M. Long-term salvage treatment by cyclosporine in refractory autoimmune haemolytic disorders. Br J Haematol 1996;93:341–4.10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.4871026.xSearch in Google Scholar
Dundar S, Ozdemir O, Ozcebe O. Cyclosporin in steroid-resistant auto-immune haemolytic anaemia. Acta Haematol 1991;86:200–2.10.1159/000204834Search in Google Scholar
Hershko C, Sonnenblick M, Ashkenazi J. Control of steroid-resistant autoimmune haemolytic anaemia by cyclosporine. Br J Haematol 1990;76:436–7.10.1111/j.1365-2141.1990.tb06382.xSearch in Google Scholar
Ucar B, Akgun N, Aydogdu SD, et al. Treatment of refractory Evans’ syndrome with cyclosporine. Pediatr Int 1999;41:104–7.10.1046/j.1442-200x.1999.01004.xSearch in Google Scholar
Wang SW, Cheng TT. Systemic lupus erythematosus with refractory hemolytic anemia effectively treated with cyclosporine A: a case report. Lupus 2005;14:483–5.10.1191/0961203305lu2090crSearch in Google Scholar
Ferrara F, Copia C, Annunziata M, et al. Complete remission of refractory anemia following a single high dose of cyclophosphamide. Ann Hematol 1999;78:87–8.10.1007/s002770050478Search in Google Scholar
Howard J, Hoffbrand AV, Prentice HG, Mehta A. Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of refractory autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and auto-immune thrombocytopenia purpura. Br J Haematol 2002;117:712–5.10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03430.xSearch in Google Scholar
Kotb R, Pinganaud C, Trichet C, et al. Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in adult refractory autoimmune cytopenias: a single center preliminary study. Eur J Haematol 2005;75:60–4.10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00437.xSearch in Google Scholar
Zimmer-Molsberger B, Knauf W, Thiel E. Mycophenolate mofetil for severe autoimmune haemolytic anemia. Lancet 1997;350:1003–4.10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64068-8Search in Google Scholar
Lin JT, Wang WS, Yen CC, et al. Myelodysplastic syndrome complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia: remission of refractory anemia following mycophenolate mofetil. Ann Hematol 2002;81: 723–6.10.1007/s00277-002-0539-312483369Search in Google Scholar
Alba P, Karim MY, Hunt BJ. Mycophenolate mofetil as a treatment for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2003;12:633–5.10.1191/0961203303lu419cr12945724Search in Google Scholar
Vajro P, Migliaro F, Ruggieri C, et al. Life saving cyclophosphamide treatment in a girl with giant cell hepatitis and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: case report and up-to-date on therapeutical options. Dig Liver Dis 2006;38: 846–50.10.1016/j.dld.2005.09.01316266839Search in Google Scholar
Panceri R, Fraschini D, Tornotti G, et al. Successful use of high-dose cyclophosphamide in a child with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Haematologica 1992;77:76–8.Search in Google Scholar
Moyo VM, Smith D, Brodsky I, et al. High-dose cyclophosphamide for refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Blood 2002;100:704–6.10.1182/blood-2002-01-008712091370Search in Google Scholar
Petri M, Jones RJ, Brodsky RA. High-dose cyclophosphamide without stem cell transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:166–73.10.1002/art.1075212528116Search in Google Scholar
Drachman DB, Jones RJ, Brodsky RA. Treatment of refractory myasthenia:“rebooting” with high-dose cyclophosphamide. Ann Neurol 2003;53:29–34.10.1002/ana.1040012509845Search in Google Scholar
Brodsky RA, Chen AR, Brodsky I, Jones RJ. High-dose cyclophosphamide as salvage therapy for severe aplastic anemia. Exp Hematol 2004:32: 435–40.10.1016/j.exphem.2004.02.00215145211Search in Google Scholar
Savage WJ, Derusso PA, Resar LM, et al. Treatment of hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia with high-dose cyclophosphamide. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007 (Epub).10.1002/pbc.2114317252566Search in Google Scholar
Ahn YS. Efficacy of danazol in hematologic disorders. Acta Haematol 1990;84:122–9.10.1159/0002050482123061Search in Google Scholar
Pignon JM, Poirson E, Rochant H. Danazol in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Br J Haematol 1993;83:343–5.10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb08293.x8457484Search in Google Scholar
Chan AC, Sack K. Danazol therapy in autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1991;18:280–2.Search in Google Scholar
Cervera H, Jara LJ, Pizarro S, et al. Danazol for systemic lupus erythematosus with refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia or Evans’ syndrome. J Rheumatol 1995;22:1867–71.Search in Google Scholar
Darabi K, Abdel-Wahab O, Dzik WH. Current usage of intravenous immune globulin and the rationale behind it: the Massachusetts General Hospital data and a review of the literature. Transfusion 2006;46:741–53.10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00792.x16686841Search in Google Scholar
Flores G, Cunningham-Rundles C, Newland AC, Bussel JB. Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: results in 73 patients. Am J Hematol 1993; 44:237–42.10.1002/ajh.28304404048237993Search in Google Scholar
Vandenberghe P, Zachee P, Verstaete S, et al. Successful control of refractory and life-threatening autoimmune hemolytic anemia with intravenous immunoglobulins in a man with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Hematol 1996;73:253–6.10.1007/s0027700502378959944Search in Google Scholar
Robak T. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of autoimmune cytopenias. Eur J Haematol 2004; 72:79–88.10.1046/j.0902-4441.2003.00196.xSearch in Google Scholar
Quartier P, Brethon B, Philippet P, et al. Treatment of childhood autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with rituximab. Lancet 2001;358:1511–3.10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06573-4Search in Google Scholar
Zecca M, Nobili B, Ramenghi U, et al. Rituximab for the treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children. Blood 2003;101:3857–61.10.1182/blood-2002-11-354712531800Search in Google Scholar
Ahrens N, Kingreen D, Seltam A, Salama A. Treatment of refractory autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with anti-CD20 (rituximab). Br J Haematol 2001;114:244–5.10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02873-4.x11472378Search in Google Scholar
D’Arena G, Califano C, Annunziata M, et al. Rituximab for warm-type idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia: a retrospective study of 11 adult patients. Eur J Haematol 2007 (Epub).10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00861.x17532766Search in Google Scholar
Shanafelt TD, Madueme HL, Wolf RC, Tefferi A. Rituximab for immune cytopenia in adults: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Evans syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:1340–6.10.4065/78.11.134014601692Search in Google Scholar
Narat S, Gandla J, Hoffbrand AV, et al. Rituximab in the treatment of refractory autoimmune cytopenias in adults. Haematologica 2005;90: 1273–4.Search in Google Scholar
D’Arena G, Laurenti L, Capalbo S, et al. Rituximab therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia-associated autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Am J Hematol 2006;81:598–602.10.1002/ajh.2066516823816Search in Google Scholar
Willis F, Marsh JCW, Bevan DH, et al. The effect of treatment with Campath-1H in patients with autoimmune cytopenias. Br J Haematol 2001;114: 891–8.10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03039.x11564082Search in Google Scholar
Cheung WW, Hwang GY, Tse E, Kwong YL. Alemtuzumab induced complete remission of autoimmune hemolytic anemia refractory to corticosteroids, splenectomy and rituximab. Haematologica 2006;91:21–2.Search in Google Scholar
Karlsson C, Hansson L, Celsing F, Lundin J. Treatment of severe refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with alemtuzumab (humanized CD52 monoclonal antibody). Leukemia 2007;21:511–4.10.1038/sj.leu.240451217215854Search in Google Scholar
Hillmen P, Hall C, Marsh JCW, et al. Effect of eculizumab on hemolysis and transfusion requirements in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med 2004;350:552–9.10.1056/NEJMoa03168814762182Search in Google Scholar
Hill A, Hillmen P, Richards SJ, et al. Sustained response and long-term safety of eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 2005;106:2559–65.10.1182/blood-2005-02-056415985537Search in Google Scholar
Hillmen P, Young NS, Schubert J, et al. The complement inhibitor eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1233–43.10.1056/NEJMoa06164816990386Search in Google Scholar
