Author | Methods | Results | |
---|---|---|---|
PI ABAC | Feedback PID controller for ABAC to adjust DO in all aeration basins and zones | Decrease in supplemental carbon used for denitrification by 53% and overall decrease in energy consumption by 10% | |
DO cascade, ABAC and combination of ABAC with the control of nitrate and return activated sludge recycles | ABAC combination is the most cost-saving methods (reduction of about 43%) | ||
MPC ABAC | Fuzzy control and MPC (Feedforward ABAC) | Total Nitrogen ( | |
Risk detection of effluent violation using artificial NN, fuzzy controller to improve denitrification/nitrification and MPC to improve DO tracking |
% of reduction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PI | PI-ABAC | NN-ABAC | vs. PI | vs. PI-ABAC | |
Dry | |||||
17.86 | 11.90 | 11.61 | |||
7 | 5 | 5 | 0.00% | ||
16.82 | 16.52 | 16.67 | +0.91% | ||
5 | 5 | 5 | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
Rain | |||||
11.01 | 6.10 | 5.65 | |||
5 | 3 | 3 | 0.00% | ||
25.60 | 22.92 | 21.58 | |||
8 | 8 | 8 | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
Storm | |||||
15.48 | 10.86 | 10.71 | |||
7 | 5 | 5 | 0.00% | ||
26.34 | 25.15 | 25.15 | 0.00% | ||
7 | 7 | 7 | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
2 | 2 | 2 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
Maximum number of Epochs to train | 1,000 |
Performance goal | 0 |
Maximum validation failures | 6 |
Minimum performance gradient | 1e–7 |
Initial µu | 0.001 |
µu decrease factor | 0.1 |
µu increase factor | 10 |
Maximum µu | 1e10 |
Researcher | Method | Number of hidden neurons | Mean square error (MSE) |
---|---|---|---|
75 | 0.0113080 | ||
28 | 0.0052734 | ||
1 | 0.0089480 |
BP algorithm | Function | MSE | Epoch | R |
---|---|---|---|---|
Levenberg–Marquardt | trainlm | 0.0057795 | 23 | 0.99019 |
Scaled conjugate gradient | trainscg | 0.0073901 | 27 | 0.98264 |
BFGS quasi-Newton | trainbfg | 0.0074205 | 58 | 0.98849 |
Batch gradient descent | traingd | 0.0543580 | 1000 | 0.92262 |
Batch gradient descent with momentum | traingdm | 0.1869000 | 8 | 0.71436 |
% of reduction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PI | PI ABAC | NN ABAC | vs. PI | vs. PI ABAC | |
Dry | |||||
EQI (kg poll.unit s/d) | 6,096.71 | 5,938.3021 | 5,978.3177 | +0.67% | |
AECI (kWh/day) | 3,697.57 | 3,769.517 | 2,835.2703 | ||
Total OCI | 16,366.30 | 16,500.995 | 15,689.4197 | ||
Rain | |||||
EQI (kg poll.unit s/d) | 8,146.75 | 8,005.5647 | 8,029.1791 | +0.29% | |
AECI (kWh/day) | 3,671.70 | 3,786.5543 | 2,832.47 | ||
Total OCI | 15,969.35 | 16,133.8675 | 15,302.504 | ||
Storm | |||||
EQI (kg poll.unit s/d) | 7,187.89 | 7,044.115 | 7,079.7043 | +0.51% | |
AECI (kWh/day) | 3,720.76 | 3,830.8403 | 2,833.1054 | ||
Total OCI | 17,328.67 | 17,403.9539 | 16,530.1204 |
Similar studies | Proposed NN ABAC | Husin et al. (2020b) | |
---|---|---|---|
AECI (kWh/day) | 2,835.2703 | 3,641.69 | 3,749.24 |
EQI (kg poll.unit s/d) | 5,978.3177 | 6,081.46 | 5,975.75 |
Total OCI | 15,689.4197 | 16,366.30 | 16,435.9 |
11.61 | 15.77 | 13.8 | |
16.67 | 16.82 | 16.07 |
Variables | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Max. values | 18 | 100 | 4 | 30 | 10 |
Effluent average | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry | |||||
PI | 2.4783 | 13.0248 | 16.8908 | 48.2470 | 2.7587 |
PI ABAC | 2.5481 | 13.0244 | 15.8626 | 48.2736 | 2.7654 |
NN ABAC | 2.9118 | 13.0233 | 15.3519 | 48.2888 | 2.7689 |
Rain | |||||
PI | 3.1575 | 16.1970 | 14.7159 | 45.4587 | 3.4569 |
PI ABAC | 3.1299 | 16.197 | 14.1804 | 45.4702 | 3.459 |
NN ABAC | 3.2918 | 16.1958 | 13.9606 | 45.47 | 3.4581 |
Storm | |||||
PI | 2.9953 | 15.2935 | 15.8340 | 47.6875 | 3.2065 |
PI ABAC | 2.9965 | 15.2935 | 15.1311 | 47.7043 | 3.2103 |
NN ABAC | 3.2386 | 15.2923 | 14.8198 | 47.7119 | 3.2115 |