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Implementation of a low cost, solar charged RF modem for underwater wireless sensor networks

Mohammad M. Abdellatif
Mohammad M. Abdellatif
, 
Salma M. Maher
Salma M. Maher
, 
Ghazal M. Al-sayyad
Ghazal M. Al-sayyad
 und 
Sameh O. Abdellatif
Sameh O. Abdellatif
   | 29. Juli 2020
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Article Category: Research-Article
Online veröffentlicht: 29. Juli 2020
Seitenbereich: 1 - 11
Eingereicht: 11. Mai 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2020-015
Schlüsselwörter
© 2020 Mohammad M. Abdellatif et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Server node schematic. The RF transceiver is used for UWC, while the Wi-Fi module is used for communication with the server.
Server node schematic. The RF transceiver is used for UWC, while the Wi-Fi module is used for communication with the server.

Figure 2:

Terminal node schematic. The temperature sensor is used to collect data to be sent of the server.
Terminal node schematic. The temperature sensor is used to collect data to be sent of the server.

Figure 3:

Solar charging circuit connection. The circuit is used to self-power the underwater node.
Solar charging circuit connection. The circuit is used to self-power the underwater node.

Figure 4:

(A) Printed circuit board used in combing RF modem, (B) modem final form showing the antenna, the temperature sensor, and the solar cell.
(A) Printed circuit board used in combing RF modem, (B) modem final form showing the antenna, the temperature sensor, and the solar cell.

Figure 5:

Wireless sensor network configuration for the normal mode.
Wireless sensor network configuration for the normal mode.

Figure 6:

Wireless sensor network configuration for the handover mode.
Wireless sensor network configuration for the handover mode.

Figure 7:

ThingSpeak platform visualization for temperature measurements under normal mode.
ThingSpeak platform visualization for temperature measurements under normal mode.

Figure 8:

Throughput vs. depth in normal mode and handover mode.
Throughput vs. depth in normal mode and handover mode.

Cost analysis for underwater terminal modem.

Components No. of components Cost per component (EGP) Cost (EGP)
Diodes 1 0.75 0.75
T blocks 2 2 4
Arduino Nano 1 90 90
RF Tx/Rx pair 1 120 120
Waterproof temperature sensor 1 60 60
DC–DC 1 65 65
Lithium battery charger module 1 35 35
Battery 1 50 50
Battery holder 1 10 10
PCB implementation 1 100 100
Resistors 1 0.25 0.25
Total 535 (about $34)

Cost analysis for the overall system.

Components No. of components Cost per component (EGP) Cost (EGP)
Diodes 3 0.75 2.25
T blocks 6 2 12
Arduino Nano 3 90 270
RF Tx/Rx pair 2 120 240
Waterproof temperature sensor 2 60 120
Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) 1 60 60
DC–DC 3 65 195
Lithium battery charger module 3 35 103
Battery 3 50 150
Battery holder 3 10 30
PCB implementation 3 100 300
Resistors 4 0.25 1
Water tank 1 2000 2000
Tank requirements 1 600 600
Total 4083 (about $260)

Cost analysis for sever modem.

Components No. of components Cost per component (EGP) Cost (EGP)
Diodes 1 0.75 0.75
T blocks 2 2 4
Arduino Nano 1 90 90
RF Tx/Rx pair 1 120 120
Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266) 1 35 35
DC–DC 1 65 65
Lithium battery charger module 1 35 35
Battery 1 50 50
Battery holder 1 10 10
PCB Implementation 1 100 100
Total 509.75 (about $33)
eISSN:
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Sprache:
Englisch
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