<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The effective distinction between normal email and spam, so as to maximize the possible of filtering spam has become a research hotspot currently. Naive bayes algorithm is a kind of frequently-used email classification and it is a statistical-based classification algorithm. It assumes that the attributes are independent of each other when given the target value. This hypothesis is apparently impossible in the email classification, so the accuracy of email classification based on naive bayes algorithm is low. In allusion to the problem of poor accuracy of email classification based on naive bayes algorithm, scholars have proposed some new email classification algorithms. The email classification algorithm based on deep neural network is one kind of them. The deep neural network is an artificial neural network with full connection between layer and layer. The algorithm extracted the email feature from the training email samples and constructed a DNN with multiple hidden layers, the DNN classifier was generated by training samples, and finally the testing emails were classified, and they were marked whether they were spam or not. In order to verify the effect of the email classification algorithm based on DNN, in this paper we constructed a DNN with 2 hidden layers. The number of nodes in each hidden layer was 30. When the training set was trained, we set up 2000 batches, and each batch has 3 trained data. We used the famous Spam Base dataset as the data set. The experiment result showed that DNN was higher than naive Bayes in the accuracy of email classification when the proportion of the training set was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively, and DNN showed a good classification effect. With the development of science and technology, spam manifests in many forms and the damage of it is more serious, this puts forward higher requirements for the accuracy of spam recognition. The focus of next research will be combining various algorithms to further improve the effect of email classification.</p>
</abstract>

The effective distinction between normal email and spam, so as to maximize the possible of filtering spam has become a research hotspot currently. Naive bayes algorithm is a kind of frequently-used email classification and it is a statistical-based classification algorithm. It assumes that the attributes are independent of each other when given the target value. This hypothesis is apparently impossible in the email classification, so the accuracy of email classification based on naive bayes algorithm is low. In allusion to the problem of poor accuracy of email classification based on naive bayes algorithm, scholars have proposed some new email classification algorithms. The email classification algorithm based on deep neural network is one kind of them. The deep neural network is an artificial neural network with full connection between layer and layer. The algorithm extracted the email feature from the training email samples and constructed a DNN with multiple hidden layers, the DNN classifier was generated by training samples, and finally the testing emails were classified, and they were marked whether they were spam or not. In order to verify the effect of the email classification algorithm based on DNN, in this paper we constructed a DNN with 2 hidden layers. The number of nodes in each hidden layer was 30. When the training set was trained, we set up 2000 batches, and each batch has 3 trained data. We used the famous Spam Base dataset as the data set. The experiment result showed that DNN was higher than naive Bayes in the accuracy of email classification when the proportion of the training set was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively, and DNN showed a good classification effect. With the development of science and technology, spam manifests in many forms and the damage of it is more serious, this puts forward higher requirements for the accuracy of spam recognition. The focus of next research will be combining various algorithms to further improve the effect of email classification.


<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<sec id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_s_001">
<label>I.</label>
<div>INTRODUCTION</div>
<p>Email has become a major way of communication for people at present, but the problem of spam comes behind. The harm of spam is mainly manifested as the following aspects: occupying bandwidth, leading to the congestion of the email server and reducing the efficiency of the network; consuming the time of the user and affecting the work efficiency. Therefore, the effective distinction between normal email and spam, so as to maximize the possible of filtering spam has become a research hotspot currently.</p>
<p>Naive bayes algorithm is a kind of frequently-used email classification and it is a statistical-based classification algorithm[<a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_ref_001">1</a>-<a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_ref_003">3</a>], which has the characteristics of simple realization and fast classification. However, it assumes that the attributes are independent of each other when given the target value[<a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_ref_004">4</a>]. This hypothesis is apparently impossible in the email classification, so the accuracy of email classification based on naive bayes algorithm is low. In allusion to the problem of poor accuracy of email classification based on naive bayes algorithm, scholars have proposed some new email classification algorithms. The email classification algorithm based on deep neural network (DNN) is one kind of them.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_s_002">
<label>II.</label>
<div>THEORETICAL BASIS</div>
<p>The basic concept of artificial neural network is based on the hypothesis and model construction of how the human brain responds to complex problems[<a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_ref_004">4</a>-<a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_ref_006">6</a>]. The deep neural network is an artificial neural network with full connection between layer and layer, and its structure is shown in figure <a ref-type="fig" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_001">1</a>. The full connection between layer and layer means that any neuron in the i<sup>th</sup> layer must be connected to any of the neurons in the (i + 1)<sup>th</sup> layer. Although the deep neural network looks complex, it is still the same as the perceptron from a small local model.</p>
<figure id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_001" fig-type="figure">
<h2>Figure 1.</h2>
<figCaption>
<p>Structure diagram of deep neural network</p>
</figCaption>
<img xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_001.jpg" src="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f52c215d2f6c89db6c4d/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20240705T091940Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=18000&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240705%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=e266e764b6b53259d4a95a105f8c80192d2fee3c09bfb838a164af02874aeaac" class="mw-100"/>
</figure>
<p>We use <inline-formula>
<alternatives>
<math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>w</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</math>
<tex-math>
<?CDATA ${w}_{jk}^{l}$?>
</tex-math>
<inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_ieq_001.png"></inline-graphic>
</alternatives>
</inline-formula> to respresent the weight coefficient between the k<sup>th</sup> neuron in the (l − 1)<sup>th</sup> layer and the j<sup>th</sup> neuron in the l<sup>th</sup> layer, <inline-formula>
<alternatives>
<math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</math>
<tex-math>
<?CDATA ${b}_{j}^{l}$?>
</tex-math>
<inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_ieq_002.png"></inline-graphic>
</alternatives>
</inline-formula> to represent the bias of the j<sub>th</sub> neuron in the l<sup>th</sup> layer, <inline-formula>
<alternatives>
<math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>a</mtext>
<mtext>j</mtext>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</math>
<tex-math>
<?CDATA ${\text{a}}_{\text{j}}^{\text{l}}$?>
</tex-math>
<inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_ieq_003.png"></inline-graphic>
</alternatives>
</inline-formula> to represent the activation value of the neuron in the layer. We can get the following relationship between the activation value of the j<sup>th</sup> neuron in the layerand the activation value of all neuron sin the (1 − l)<sup>th</sup> layer:
<disp-formula id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_001">
<label>(1)</label>
<alternatives>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_001.png"></graphic>
<math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>a</mtext>
<mtext>j</mtext>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</msubsup>
<mtext>=σ</mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mstyle displaystyle="true">
<msub>
<mo>∑</mo>
<mtext>k</mtext>
</msub>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>w</mtext>
<mrow>
<mtext>jk</mtext>
</mrow>
<mtext>1</mtext>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mtext>a</mtext>
<mtext>k</mtext>
<mrow>
<mtext>l-1</mtext>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>+b</mtext>
</mrow>
<mtext>j</mtext>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</math>
<tex-math>
<?CDATA \begin{eqnarray}{\text{a}}_{\text{j}}^{\text{l}}\text{=&#x003C3;}(\displaystyle {\sum }_{\text{k}}{\text{w}}_{\text{jk}}^{\text{1}}{\text{a}}_{\text{k}}^{\text{l-1}}{\text{+b}}_{\text{j}}^{\text{l}})\end{eqnarray}?>
</tex-math>
</alternatives>
</disp-formula>
</p>
<p>We assume that <italic>w<sup>l</sup></italic> is the weight coefficient matrix of all the neurons in the l<sup>th</sup> layer, <italic>b<sup>l</sup></italic> is the bias matrix of the l<sup>th</sup> layer, <italic>a<sup>l</sup></italic> is the activation value of the layer, <italic>z<sup>l</sup></italic> is the weighted input of all neurons in the l<sup>th</sup> layer, Then <inline-formula>
<alternatives>
<math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>w</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</math>
<tex-math>
<?CDATA ${w}_{jk}^{l}$?>
</tex-math>
<inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_ieq_004.png"></inline-graphic>
</alternatives>
</inline-formula> is the weight coefficient of row j, column k. The relationship between the activation value of the l<sup>th</sup> layer and the activation value of the (l − 1)<sup>th</sup> layer can be expressed by the following matrix relationship:
<disp-formula id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_002">
<label>(2)</label>
<alternatives>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_002.png"></graphic>
<math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<msup>
<mtext>a</mtext>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>σ</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mtext>z</mtext>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>σ</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mtext>w</mtext>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</msup>
<msup>
<mtext>a</mtext>
<mrow>
<mtext>l-1</mtext>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mtext>b</mtext>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</math>
<tex-math>
<?CDATA \begin{eqnarray}{\text{a}}^{\text{l}}=\sigma ({\text{z}}^{\text{l}})=\sigma ({\text{w}}^{\text{l}}{\text{a}}^{\text{l-1}}+{\text{b}}^{\text{l}})\end{eqnarray}?>
</tex-math>
</alternatives>
</disp-formula>
</p>
<p>Here σ respresents the non-linear activation function of the nodes on the hidden layers, and the traditional DNN uses sigmoid function usually, as shown in expression (<a ref-type="disp-formula" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_003">3</a>). Because the sigmoid function has properties such as monotone increasing and its inverse function has the property of monotone increasing, it is often used as a threshold function of neural networks, It maps the variables between 0 and 1. The sigmoid function curve is shown in figure <a ref-type="fig" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_002">2</a>:
<disp-formula id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_003">
<label>(3)</label>
<alternatives>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_003.png"></graphic>
<math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<mi>σ</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtext>z</mtext>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mtext>e</mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mtext>z</mtext>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</math>
<tex-math>
<?CDATA \begin{eqnarray}\sigma (\text{z})=\frac{1}{1+{\text{e}}^{-\text{z}}}\end{eqnarray}?>
</tex-math>
</alternatives>
</disp-formula>
</p>
<figure id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_002" fig-type="figure">
<h2>Figure 2.</h2>
<figCaption>
<p>The sigmoid function curve</p>
</figCaption>
<img xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_002.jpg" src="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f52c215d2f6c89db6c4d/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20240705T091940Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=18000&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240705%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=6c9bce53645661bf8d10881fadebaa5e2e3337c1ebb109fd213cc567893085ae" class="mw-100"/>
</figure>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_s_003">
<label>III.</label>
<div>ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION</div>
<p>Implementation process of mail classification algorithm based on deep neural network was shown in Figure <a ref-type="fig" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_003">3</a>.</p>
<figure id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_003" fig-type="figure">
<h2>Figure 3.</h2>
<figCaption>
<p>Algorithm execution process</p>
</figCaption>
<img xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_003.jpg" src="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f52c215d2f6c89db6c4d/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20240705T091940Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=18000&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240705%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=68a341b64b4ab822202686169474da48eff2eec438d3542749d4db51a5e18da1" class="mw-100"/>
</figure>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>Step 1:</bold> Read the contents of the email for training from the Spam Base dataset and extract the email features for training such as word_freq_, char_freq_, capital_run_length_average, capital_run_length_longest, capital_run_length_total, and so on.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>Step 2:</bold> Construct a DNN containing multiple hidden layers, set the number of hidden layers (n_classes), set the number of nodes on each layer (hidden_units), set training batches (steps) and the number of training data for each batch (batch_size).</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>Step 3:</bold> Train DNN to generate DNN classifier.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>Step 4:</bold> Read the contents of the email for testing from the SpamBase data set and extract the email features for testing such as word_freq_, char_freq_, capital_run_length_average, capital_run_length_longest, capital_run_length_total, and so on.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>Step 5:</bold> Use the DNN classifier to classify the testing email and mark whether they are spam (1 or 0).</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>Step 6:</bold> Compare the classification result of the email (y_predict) with the actual tag (y_test), calculate the accuracy of the algorithm in the email classification (accuracy_score) and verify the correctness of the algorithm.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_s_004">
<label>IV.</label>
<div>EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS</div>
<p>In order to verify the effect of the email classification algorithm based on DNN, in this paper we constructeda DNN with 2 hidden layers. The number of nodes in each hidden layer was 30. When the training set was trained, we set up 2000 batches, and each batch has 3 trained data. We used the famous SpamBase dataset as the data set, which was from the UCI machine learning library at the University of California, USA. The specific situation is shown in table <a ref-type="table" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_004">I</a>.</p>
<figure id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_004" fig-type="figure">
<h2>TABLE I.</h2>
<figCaption>
<p>SPAMBASE DATA SET</p>
</figCaption>
<img xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_004.jpg" src="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f52c215d2f6c89db6c4d/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20240705T091940Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=18000&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240705%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=f6eddce4527711f5fa886da329ce6e37bdcf7de3ffb8bc001421626aace40c62" class="mw-100"/>
</figure>
<p>We compared the two kinds of email filtering algorithms of DNN and naive Bayes with accuracy, which is the main evaluation standard of email filtering technology. The accuracy is defined as follows:
<disp-formula id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_004">
<label>(4)</label>
<alternatives>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_eq_004.png"></graphic>
<math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<mtext>Accuracy=</mtext>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mtext>Number of correctly identified email</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Total number of emails</mtext>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</math>
<tex-math>
<?CDATA \begin{eqnarray}\text{Accuracy=}\frac{\text{Number&#x000A0;of&#x000A0;correctly&#x000A0;identified&#x000A0;email}}{\text{Total&#x000A0;number&#x000A0;of&#x000A0;emails}}\end{eqnarray}?>
</tex-math>
</alternatives>
</disp-formula>
</p>
<p>We did five groups of experiments in this paper.The selection case of training set and testing set in each experiment is shown in table <a ref-type="table" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_005">II</a>.</p>
<figure id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_005" fig-type="figure">
<h2>TABLE II.</h2>
<figCaption>
<p>THE SELECTION CASE OF TRAINING SET AND TESTING SET</p>
</figCaption>
<img xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_005.jpg" src="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f52c215d2f6c89db6c4d/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20240705T091940Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=18000&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240705%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=4d23359303f2664efd688f1ea06b4b9617f7a274e0342b0781109322299a9973" class="mw-100"/>
</figure>
<p>The experimental results were shown in Figure <a ref-type="fig" href="#j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_006">4</a>.</p>
<figure id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_006" fig-type="figure">
<h2>Figure 4.</h2>
<figCaption>
<p>The comparison of accuracy of the two algorithms</p>
</figCaption>
<img xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_006.jpg" src="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f52c215d2f6c89db6c4d/j_ijanmc-2018-038_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20240705T091940Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=18000&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240705%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=2ae5ea69c608f8e7ddde75b856e8b6bd4344534e85da9902444118bddca1df6c" class="mw-100"/>
</figure>
<p>The experiment result showed that DNN was higher than naive Bayes in the accuracy of email classification when the proportion of the training set was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively, and DNN showed a good classification effect.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ijanmc-2018-038_s_005">
<label>V.</label>
<div>CONCLUSION</div>
<p>The application of email classification algorithm based on deep neural network is studied in this paper. The algorithm constructed multiple hidden layers and generated DNN classifiers through training. The experiment results showed that the accuracy of the algorithm is obviously higher than the naive Bayes algorithm.</p>
<p>With the development of science and technology, spam manifests in many forms and the damage of it is more serious, this puts forward higher requirements for the accuracy of spam recognition. The focus of next research will becombining various algorithms to further improve the effect of email classification.</p>
</sec>
</div>

Research of Email Classification based on Deep Neural Network

International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Research of Email Classification based on Deep Neural Network"}

The effective distinction between normal email and spam, so as to maximize the possible of filtering spam has become a research hotspot currently. Naive bayes...

Research of Email Classification based on Deep Neural Network

Online veröffentlicht: 07. Mai 2018

Seitenbereich: 17 - 21

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/ijanmc-2018-038

Schlüsselwörter
Deep Neural Networks, Spam Email, Classification, Naive Bayes, SpamBase Data Set

© 2018 Wang Yawen et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

TABLE I.

TABLE II.

Figure 4.

Research of Email Classification based on Deep Neural Network

Online veröffentlicht: 07. Mai 2018

Seitenbereich: 17 - 21

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/ijanmc-2018-038

SchlüsselwörterDeep Neural Networks, Spam Email, Classification, Naive Bayes, SpamBase Data Set

© 2018 Wang Yawen et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

TABLE I.

TABLE II.

Figure 4.

Schlüsselwörter
Deep Neural Networks, Spam Email, Classification, Naive Bayes, SpamBase Data Set