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Analysis of the Effects of Using Classical and Modified Pool Water Treatment Technologies

Joanna WYCZARSKA-KOKOT
Joanna WYCZARSKA-KOKOT
   | 06. Aug. 2022
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Online veröffentlicht: 06. Aug. 2022
Seitenbereich: 103 - 113
Eingereicht: 10. Dez. 2021
Akzeptiert: 25. Jan. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2022-009
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© 2022 Joanna WYCZARSKA-KOKOT, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Classical pool water treatment technology
Classical pool water treatment technology

Figure 2.

Comparison of pool water quality parameters in a group of pools with a classic and modified water treatment system: a) pH, b) Redox, c) Temperature, d) Turbidity, e) Nitrates, f) Ammonium ion, g) CODMn, h) TOC, i) Free chlorine, j) Combined chlorine, k) Chloroform, l) THMs
Comparison of pool water quality parameters in a group of pools with a classic and modified water treatment system: a) pH, b) Redox, c) Temperature, d) Turbidity, e) Nitrates, f) Ammonium ion, g) CODMn, h) TOC, i) Free chlorine, j) Combined chlorine, k) Chloroform, l) THMs

Division of pools according to their water treatment system

Swimming pool Characteristic features of the filtration and/or disinfection process Division of swimming pools according to the similarity criterion
P1 Classic system (CS) Group of pools with a classic, or similar to a classic, water treatment system (P classic WTS)
P2 CS + Activated carbon layer in the filter
P3 CS + Membrane electrolysis for NaOCl production
P4 CS + Medium pressure UV lamps
P5 CS + Low pressure UV lamps and membrane electrolysis for NaOCl production
P6 CS + Zeolite filters with a layer of activated carbon and calcium hypochlorite for disinfection
P7 Pola® system Group of pools with a modified water treatment system, in relation to a classic water treatment system (P modified WTS)
P8 Filter bed - diatomaceous earth, SPID WOFIL® ozonation system, medium pressure UV lamp
P9 DAISY® system, medium pressure UV lamp
P10 Ozonation of part of the optoZON® stream and membrane electrolysis to generate NaOCl

Median, average and permissible values of physical and chemical parameters of swimming pool water quality

Parameter P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 Permissible values according to [2]
  P classic WTS P modified WTS
  Me Av Me Av Me Av Me Av Me Av Me Av Me Av Me Av Me Av Me Av
pH,- 7.2 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.5-7.6
Redox, mV 731 730 622 645 771 763 724 723 729 730 713 710 711 716 756 739 759 758 749 747 > 750
Temperature, °C 27.9 27.9 28.6 28.6 28.2 28.2 27.7 27.7 27.7 27.7 28.0 28.0 28.1 28.1 27.2 27.1 27.7 27.7 27.9 27.9 26.0-30.0
Turbidity, NTU 0.25 0.27 0.16 0.20 0.28 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.42 0.41 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.36 0.35 0.13 0.12 0.26 0.26 0.50
Nitrates, mg NO3-/L 3.68 3.57 9.90 9.74 3.95 5.08 4.48 5.01 7.12 7.49 8.54 8.78 5.30 5.80 5.15 4.66 2.10 1.88 7.64 8.17 20.00
Ammonium ion, mg NH4+/L 0.1 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.22 0.24 0.06 0.05 0.23 0.24 0.11 0.10 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.50
Permanganate index, mg O2/L 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.9 4.4 4.5 3.6 3.7 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.4 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 4.0
TOC, mg C/L 3.65 3.69 3.21 3.28 3.14 3.11 3.34 3.37 3.65 3.68 1.57 1.61 2.29 2.28 3.24 3.39 2.95 2.82 2.95 2.89 4.00
Free chlorine, mg Cl2/L 0.41 0.41 0.49 0.50 0.41 0.42 0.33 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.43 0.43 0.52 0.51 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.41 0.40 0.30-0.60
Combined chlorine, mg Cl2/L 0.29 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.29 0.29 0.20 0.20 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.30
Chloroform, mg/L 0.034 0.033 0.026 0.025 0.025 0.024 0.025 0.024 0.037 0.036 0.030 0.032 0.012 0.011 0.030 0.030 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.030
THMs, mg/L 0.042 0.042 0.030 0.027 0.031 0.030 0.032 0.033 0.043 0.045 0.040 0.043 0.014 0.013 0.041 0.041 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.100

The test probability p for the assessment of the significance of differences between the parameters of water quality in the group of pools with classic and modified water treatment systems

Parameter p
pH,- 0.00141
Redox, mV 0.00155
Temperature, °C 0.20732
Turbidity, NTU 0.12660
Nitrates, mg NO3-/L 0.06663
Ammonium ion, mg NH4+/L 0.44908
Permanganate index, mg O2/L 0.00002
TOC, mg C/L 0.00004
Free chlorine, mg Cl2/L 0.00000
Combined chlorine, mg Cl2/L 0.00000
Chloroform, mg/L 0.00000
THMs, mg/L 0.00000

Pool water treatment effects

Parameter P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
pH,- + + + + + + + + + +
Redox, mV - - + - - - - + + +
Temperature, °C + + + + + + + + + +
Turbidity, NTU + + + + + + + + + +
Nitrates, mg NO3-/L + + + + + + + + + +
Ammonium ion, mg NH4+/L + + + + + + + + + +
Permanganate index, mg O2/L + + + - + + + + + +
TOC, mg C/L + + + + + + + + + +
Free chlorine, mg Cl2/L + + + + + + + + + +
Combined chlorine, mg Cl2/L + + + + - - + + + +
Chloroform, mg/L - + + + - - + - + +
THMs, mg/L + + + + + + + + + +
Sum “+” 10 11 12 10 9 9 11 11 12 11
Sum “-” 2 1 0 2 3 3 1 1 0 1
“+” means the fulfillment of the water treatment effect within the given parameter
“-” means failure to the water treatment effect within the given parameter

Technical parameters of the tested swimming pools

Parameter The tested swimming pools
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
Dimensions of the pool basin, m 12.5×25 12.5×25 8.5×25 12.5×25 12.5×25 12.5×25 12.5×25 16×25 12.5×25 12.5×25 + 6 places for hydromassage
Depth of the pool basin, m 1.2-1.8 1.1-1.8 1.80 1.6-1.8 1.2-1.8 1.2-1.8 1.2-2.2 1.2-1.8 1.2-1.8 1.2-1.8
Volume of the pool basin, m3 469.0 453.0 382.5 513.3 562.0 469.0 531.0 601.2 469.0 484.0
Usable area UA, m2 312.5 312.5 212.5 312.5 312.5 312.5 312.5 400.0 312.5 322.4
Attendance, person/h 22 12 16 12 14 14 12 25 16 18
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