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Reviewing Place Meaning via Users’ Emotional-Perceptual Experience

Navid KHALEGHIMOGHADDAM
Navid KHALEGHIMOGHADDAM
 und 
Havva ALKAN BALA
Havva ALKAN BALA
   | 04. Aug. 2022
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Online veröffentlicht: 04. Aug. 2022
Seitenbereich: 5 - 20
Eingereicht: 12. Mai 2021
Akzeptiert: 09. Nov. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2021-027
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Navid KHALEGHIMOGHADDAM et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

The base of Mehrabian and Russell model [1, 22]
The base of Mehrabian and Russell model [1, 22]

Figure 2.

Pleasure and Arousal conceived as two basic dimensions of affective responses that indicate peoples’ state of feeling proposed by Mehrabian and Russell [25] and modified by Russel and Barret [24]
Pleasure and Arousal conceived as two basic dimensions of affective responses that indicate peoples’ state of feeling proposed by Mehrabian and Russell [25] and modified by Russel and Barret [24]

Figure 3.

Summarizing the whole procedure in the methodology [Source: Authors]
Summarizing the whole procedure in the methodology [Source: Authors]

Figure 4.

The analysis of findings related to pleasant and unpleasant places [Source: Authors]
The analysis of findings related to pleasant and unpleasant places [Source: Authors]

Questions asked in the interview to find keywords related to qualitative dimensions shaping place meaning from users’ points of view [Source: Authors]

Asked questions related to each selected place of the faculty buildings

Does the building remind you of an old/new memory or experience? Why?

Does the design of the hall appeal to you? Why?

Is this place easily recognizable? Why?

Do you feel secure in this place? Why?

Are you satisfied with the furniture and the symbols used?

Why?

Are the dimensions of places and the height of the ceiling appropriate? Why?

Are the plan and geometry of this building well designed for an educational place? Why?

The result of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of the places of the Historical Building [Source: Authors]

Evaluated Place: Old & Historical Building (Preceptress School) Average of The Places According to Pleasure-Arousal Diagram from the Users Point of View Qualitative factors affecting the emotional evaluation
Volume,Proportion & Scale,Rhythm,Geometry,Material,Color,Compatibility with,mental schema,Memorability,Security
Material,Color,Texture,Variety,Memorability,Security
Proportion and Scale,Rhythm,Geometry,Material,Texture,Color,Light,Sense of place,Satisfaction,Memorability,Security
Proportion and Scale,Rhythm,Geometry,Material,Texture,Color,Light,Memorability,Security

The mean data of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of all unpleasant places of the New Building 1 [Source: Authors]

The Mean Data of Pleasure-Arousal Diagram Criterion Mood
    Excited 1.38
High Arousal Exciting: 3.05 Happy 2.12
Elated 2.3
    Contented 6.5
    Harmonious 9.25
Low Arousal Safe: 5.9 Safe 5.8
Calm 4.8
    Placid 8.75
    Lethargic 27.8
Low Arousal Boring: 45.6 Bored 65
Irritated 60.8
    Frustrated 28.5
    Upset 52.3
High Arousal Unsafe: 63.75 Distressed 63
Tense 63.5
    Scared 76.5

The mean data of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of the pleasant places of the Historical Building [Source: Authors]

The Mean Data of Pleasure-Arousal Diagram Criterion Mood
    Excited 20
High Arousal Exciting: 32 Happy 36.5
Elated 20
    Contented 52
    Harmonious 62
Low Arousal Safe: 53 Safe 42.5
Calm 60
    Placid 48
    Lethargic 9
Low Arousal Boring: 9.85 Bored 14
Irritated 9.5
    Frustrated 6.5
    Upset 8
High Arousal Unsafe: 7.75 Distressed 3
Tense 16.5
    Scared 2.7

The result of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of the places of the New Building 2 [Source: Authors]

Evaluated Place: New Building 2 (Sports Hall) Average of The Places According to Pleasure-Arousal Diagram from the Users Point of View Qualitative factors affecting the emotional evaluation
Volume and façade,Proportion and Scale,Rhythm,Material,Color,Texture,Security
Volume and façade,Proportion and Scale,Color,Texture,Security
Material,Texture,Color,Light,Security
Proportion and Scale,Material,Texture,Color,Light,Security

The average of statistical data related to interior and exterior places of faculty buildings [Source: Authors]

The Name of Place Old Building (Preceptress School) New Building 1 (Teachers’ rooms) New Building 2 (Sports Hall)
Criterion Mood Int Ext Int Ext Int Ext
High Activated Pleasant Exciting Excited 25.2 15 0.5 2.25 1 2.9
Happy 36.3 36.5 0.5 3.75 0 0
Elated 21.5 18 0.4 4.20 1 0
Contented 59 44.5 0 13 1 2.7
Low Activated Pleasant Safe Harmony 82.5 42 0.5 8 0 0
Safe 42 43 1.1 10.5 1 1
Calm 51 68.5 0.6 9 1 1
Placid 50 46 5 12.5 21 0
High Activated Unpleasant Boring Lethargic 11.7 6.5 38 17.5 19 45
Bored 17.8 10 60 70 59 72
Irritated 13.2 6 69 52.5 61.5 50
Frustrated 8.7 4.9 32 25 22.5 43
Low Activated Unpleasant Unsafe Upset 10.5 5 58 46.5 52.5 45
Distressed 3.9 2 56 70 37.5 92
Tense 25 8.85 73 54 57.5 48
Scared 4.9 0.5 63 89.5 44 31

The mean data of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of all unpleasant places of the New Building 2 [Source: Authors]

The Mean Data of Pleasure-Arousal Diagram Criterion Mood
    Excited 1.95
High Arousal Exciting: 1.8 Happy 0
Elated 0.5
    Contented 1.85
    Harmonious 0
Low Arousal Safe: 3.38 Safe 1
Calm 1
    Placid 10.5
    Lethargic 32
Low Arousal Boring: 46.5 Bored 65.5
Irritated 56
    Frustrated 33
    Upset 49
High Arousal Unsafe: 51 Distressed 65
Tense 53
    Scared 37.5

Faculty of Architecture buildings, Selcuk University of Konya [Source: Authors]

Place Location View Plan
Old & Historical Building (Preceptress School)
New Building 1 (Teachers’ Rooms)
New Building 2 (Sports Hall)

Dimensions and attributes that shape the meaning of place from users’ point of view [Source: Authors]

Old & Historical Building New Building (Teachers’ Rooms) New Building (Sports Hall)
Analysis Basis Interview Quotes and Keywords Analysis Criteria
Sensory Factor * The historical building spaces are felt warm, intimate, and secure in terms of providing light, color, materials, and vitality. Whereas, other buildings are scary, boring and dull because of using glassy and inanimate colors, materials, and furniture. * Color* Light* Texture* Material* Vitality
Morphological Factor (Perceptional) * In the historical building dimensions, geometry, and aspect ratio is appropriate, but sports hall building is uniform and in terms of largeness, width, and height is so huge and makes the senses of fear, and heaviness. I desire to leave such a place. * Volume & facade* Geometry* Proportion*  Scale* Rhythm
Individual Factor Cognitive Factor * I like the historical building because it reminds me of the architecture of the early years of the Republic of Turkey.* Since the historical building was used as a school in the past, for us as students of architecture, it is very meaningful in terms of architectural and functional features, but other buildings are only functional and do not involved architectural qualities in terms of color, variety, etc. * Memory* Identity* Compatibility with mental schema
Behavioral Factor * The new building and sports hall building are unpleasant due to the lack of spatial qualities and largeness. I am not satisfied and I do not feel safe. I’d like to avoid these buildings. * Security* Satisfaction

The result of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of the places of the New Building 1 [Source: Authors].

Evaluated Place: New Building 1 (Teachers’ Rooms) Average of The Places According to Pleasure-Arousal Diagram from the Users Point of View Qualitative factors affecting the emotional evaluation
Volume and façade,Geometry,Proportion and Scale,Rhythm,Material,Color,Texture,Security
Volume and façade,Proportion and Scale,Material,Color,Texture,Vitality
Material,Texture,Color,Light,Vitality,Security
Rhythm,Material,Texture,Color,Light,Vitality,Security

Dimensions forming the meaning of place derived from the interview [Source: Authors]

Dimension / Sub-Dimension Historical Building New Building 1 (Teachers’ Rooms) New Building 2 (Sports Hall) Total
Sensory Factor Color 4.20 4.11 4.00 4.10
Light 3.11 3.22 2.66 3.00
Texture 4.66 3.66 4.00 4.11
Material 4.51 4.33 3.77 4.20
Vitality 2.66 2.70 2.11 2.49
Morphological Factor (Perceptual) Volume & facade 4.62 4.12 4.33 4.36
Geometry 4.33 4.00 4.11 4.15
Proportion & Scale 4.12 3.99 4.62 4.24
Rhythm 4.55 3.66 3.99 4.20
Individual Factor: Cognitive Compatibility with mental schema 1.66 1.99 1.33 1.66
Memorability 2.20 1.11 1.44 1.58
Individual Factor:Behavioral Satisfaction 1.15 1.44 1.77 1.45
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