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Long-Term Effect of Different Particle Size Distributions of Waste Glass Powder on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Brwa OMER
Brwa OMER
 und 
Jalal SAEED
Jalal SAEED
   | 27. Jan. 2021
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Online veröffentlicht: 27. Jan. 2021
Seitenbereich: 61 - 75
Eingereicht: 03. Sept. 2020
Akzeptiert: 03. Dez. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2020-030
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© 2020 Brwa Omer et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

XRD patterns for GP used in the study
XRD patterns for GP used in the study

Figure 2.

(a) Particle size distribution curves of cement, GP-A, and GP-B, (b) waste glass powder after milling and cement used in the study
(a) Particle size distribution curves of cement, GP-A, and GP-B, (b) waste glass powder after milling and cement used in the study

Figure 3.

Grain size distribution for aggregates according to ASTM C33 limits. (a) sand and (b) gravel
Grain size distribution for aggregates according to ASTM C33 limits. (a) sand and (b) gravel

Figure 4.

Flowchart of the experimental program
Flowchart of the experimental program

Figure 5.

Pictures showing the sides of the tests carried out on hardened concrete modified with and without GP. (a) Samples being prepared and tested for their compressive strength; (b) splitting tensile strength test; (c) flexural tensile strength test; (d) test configuration for modulus of elasticity
Pictures showing the sides of the tests carried out on hardened concrete modified with and without GP. (a) Samples being prepared and tested for their compressive strength; (b) splitting tensile strength test; (c) flexural tensile strength test; (d) test configuration for modulus of elasticity

Figure 6.

Effect of particle size of GP with various percentages on the workability of concrete made of: (a) relatively low cement content (LCCM), (b) relatively high cement content (HCCM)
Effect of particle size of GP with various percentages on the workability of concrete made of: (a) relatively low cement content (LCCM), (b) relatively high cement content (HCCM)

Figure 7.

Short-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on compressive strength development when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)
Short-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on compressive strength development when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)

Figure 8.

Short-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on compressive strength development when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)
Short-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on compressive strength development when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)

Figure 9.

Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on compressive strength development when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)
Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on compressive strength development when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)

Figure 10.

Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on compressive strength development when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)
Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on compressive strength development when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)

Figure 11.

Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on splitting tensile strength development when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)
Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on splitting tensile strength development when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)

Figure 12.

Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on splitting tensile strength development when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)
Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on splitting tensile strength development when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)

Figure 13.

Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on flexural tensile strength development when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)
Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on flexural tensile strength development when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)

Figure 14.

Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on flexural tensile strength development when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)
Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on flexural tensile strength development when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)

Figure 15.

Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on elastic modulus when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)
Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on elastic modulus when cement content is relatively low (331 kg/m3)

Figure 16.

Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on elastic modulus when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)
Long-term effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on elastic modulus when cement content is relatively high (490 kg/m3)

Figure 17.

Effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on nonlinear stress-strain curves of concrete with a relatively low cement content (331 kg/m3)
Effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on nonlinear stress-strain curves of concrete with a relatively low cement content (331 kg/m3)

Figure 18.

Effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on nonlinear stress-strain curves of concrete with a relatively high cement content (490 kg/m3)
Effect of GP-A and GP-B with various replacements on nonlinear stress-strain curves of concrete with a relatively high cement content (490 kg/m3)

Chemical composition for ordinary Portland cement and glass powder with requirements of ASTM C618 for pozzolans used in the study

Chemical Composition Chemical Formula OPC (%) GP (%) ASTM C618
Lime Cao 61.66 9.868
Silica SiO2 19.83 74.03
Alumina AI2O3 4.48 1.023
Ferrite Fe2O3 2.32 0.108
Magnesia MgO 3.14 4.739
Sulfur trioxide SO3 2.57 0.13
Potassium oxide K2O 0.68 0.198
Sodium oxide Na2O 0.19 8.024
Loss on Ignition LOI 1.5 1.83
Tricalcium silicate Ca3SiO5 59.50
Dicalcium silicate Ca2SiO4 11.98
Aluminate Tricalcium Ca3Al2O6 7.95
Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite Ca4Al2Fe2O10 7.05
SiO2 + AI2O3 + Fe203, min. % 75.16 70
SO3, max. % 0.13 4
Moisture content, max. % - 3
Loss on ignition, max. % 1.83 10

Results of the average value of the two tested cylinders used for calculating the modulus of elasticity and compression toughness at 180 days of testing

Mix. type Specimen detail w/b Compressive strength (MPa) Modulus of elasticity (GPa) Toughness (MPa x 10-2) Specific Toughness (%) Peak strain (micro-strain)
LCCM CR-2 0.54 52.76 31.08 9.950 0.189 2870
A5-2 0.54 51.40 30.60 7.990 0.155 2495
A10-2 0.54 49.85 33.12 8.790 0.176 2645
B5-2 0.54 52.86 31.56 8.540 0.162 2549
B10-2 0.54 55.45 32.69 8.290 0.150 2436
HCCM CR-3 0.41 64.25 33.87 8.600 0.134 2341
A5-3 0.41 63.50 37.19 8.106 0.128 2196
A10-3 0.41 67.91 37.04 9.360 0.138 2388
A15-3 0.41 66.29 35.57 8.610 0.130 2283
B5-3 0.41 65.34 38.10 8.240 0.126 2147
B10-3 0.41 65.76 35.15 9.270 0.141 2407
B15-3 0.41 65.12 33.75 9.430 0.145 2502

Mechanical properties of GP cement replacement mixtures

Mix. type Specimen Details Strengths (MPa)
Compressive (28 days) Compressive (180 days) Splitting (180 days) Flexural (180 days)
LCCM CR-2 48.21 53.24 4.59 8.00
A5-2 45.56 51.02 4.61 8.08
A10-2 41.22 50.13 4.60 7.80
B5-2 46.00 53.06 4.68 8.15
B10-2 43.09 54.86 4.74 8.18
HCCM CR-3 58.56 64.61 4.45 7.60
A5-3 59.27 63.35 4.49 7.63
A10-3 56.84 67.56 4.75 7.65
A15-3 55.10 65.92 4.65 7.60
B5-3 61.78 64.98 4.56 7.68
B10-3 55.26 66.38 4.72 7.63
B15-3 65.61 4.61 7.55

Physical properties of sand and gravel

Physical Properties Sand Gravel ASTM-Designation
Sand Gravel
Bulk specific gravity, Dry 2.65 2.47 ASTMC128 ASTMC127
Bulk specific gravity, (SSD) 2.69 2.49
Apparent specific gravity 2.77 2.52
% Absorption 1.68 0.94
Dense-dry density, (kg/m3) 1875 1600 ASTM-C29
Loose-dry density, (kg/m3) 1716 1462
Fineness Modulus, (unitless) 3.20 2.30 ASTM C 125

Mixture proportions for 1m3 of concrete

Mix. type Specimen Details Cement (kg) Sand (SSD) (kg) Gravel (SSD) (kg) Water (kg) GP Water/binder W/C+GP
GP-A GP-B % (kg)
LCCM CR-2 331.0 956.64 848.0 178.74 - 0.54
A5-2 B5-2 314.5 953.01 952.97 848.0 178.74 5 16.55 0.54
A10-2 B10-2 297.9 949.43 949.36 848.0 178.74 10 33.10 0.54
HCCM CR-3 490.0 838.67 776.31 200.9 -
A5-3 B5-3 465.5 833.33 833.28 776.31 200.9 5 24.5 0.41
A10-3 B10-3 441.0 828.0 827.89 776.31 200.9 10 49.0 0.41
A15-3 B15-3 416.5 822.66 822.51 776.31 200.9 15 73.5 0.41
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