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Possibilities of Using Post-Consumer Wood Waste as a Fuel in a Cement Plant

Małgorzata KAJDA-SZCZEŚNIAK
Małgorzata KAJDA-SZCZEŚNIAK
, 
Tomasz J. JAWORSKI
Tomasz J. JAWORSKI
 und 
Agata WAJDA
Agata WAJDA
   | 02. März 2022
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Online veröffentlicht: 02. März 2022
Seitenbereich: 161 - 167
Eingereicht: 07. Aug. 2018
Akzeptiert: 08. Okt. 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-062
Schlüsselwörter
© 2018 Małgorzata Kajda-Szcześniak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Municipal waste management in the EU in 2016 [3]
Municipal waste management in the EU in 2016 [3]

Figure 2.

The share of substitution of conventional fuels with alternative fuels from the waste in the cement industry [4]
The share of substitution of conventional fuels with alternative fuels from the waste in the cement industry [4]

Figure 3.

The morphological composition of alternative fuels used in the cement industry, data from 2014 [17]
The morphological composition of alternative fuels used in the cement industry, data from 2014 [17]

Preferred parameters of an alternative fuel [9]

Parameter Unit Value
Moisture content % <20
Calorific value MJ/kg >15
Sulphur content % <1

Requirements for the quality of the alternative fuel dosed to the calciner and the main burner in the selected cement plant [6]

Requirements Unit Cement plants status for 2017
Arsenic ppm < 10
Cadmium ppm < 20
Tal ppm <10
Antymony ppm < 50
Cobalt ppm < 50
Nickel ppm < 50
Fluoride ppm <100
Lead ppm < 250
Chromium ppm < 250
Copper ppm < 250
Manganese ppm < 250
Vanadium ppm < 250
Scrap content % up 0.5%

Exemplary requirements set by cement plants for alternative fuels [6]

Requirements Unit Cement plants status for 2008 Cement plants status for 2015 Cement plants status for 2017
Bulk density [kg/m3] - - 150-200
Moisture content [%]mas. ≤15 ≤18 ≤20
Ash [%]mas. ≤20 - <20
The calorific value of the fuel going to the calciner [MJ/kg] ≥18 ≥18.5 ≥16
The calorific value of the fuel going to the main burner [MJ/kg] ≥21 ≥21 ≥21
Chlorine [%]mas. ≤0.8 < 0.7 ≤0.8
Sulfur [%]mas. ≤0.5 < 0.5 <0.5
Mercury [mg/kgsm] <5 < 2 <0.5
Metal content: Sb+As+Pb+
Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V [mg/kgsm] <2500 <2500 <1000
Metal content: Cd+Th+Hg [mg/kgsm] - <10 -
Metal content: Cd + Tl [mg/kgsm] < 50 - <30

Metals content in selected wood wastes

Value Unit Floor panels Door leaf
Arsenic ppm 0.05 0.03
Cadmium ppm 0.15 0.17
Tal ppm - -
Antimony ppm - -
Cobalt ppm 1.40 0.67
Nickel ppm 0.62 0.79
Lead ppm 1.07 0.61
Chrome ppm 1.74 1.53
Copper ppm 2.24 2.84
Manganese ppm 88.92 97.45
Vanadium ppm - -
Mercury ppm <0.1 <0.1

Values of classification parameters for the solid derived fuels according to CEN [1, 12]

Classification Property Designation Unit Classes
1 2 3 4 5
Net calorific value NCV MJ/kg ar 25 20 15 10 3
Chlorine Cl % d mean 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.5 3.0
Mercury Hg median mg/MJ ar 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.15 0.50
80th percentile mg/MJ ar 0.04 0.06 0.16 0.30 1.00

Physicochemical properties of selected post-consumer wood waste

Floor woodwork
Parameter Unit Floor panels Silencing panels Waterproof panles Natural bamboo floor Parquet floor
Carbon % 48.64 34.02 65.90 49.68 60.00
Hydrogen % 4.18 1.51 3.10 4.99 4.41
Oxygen % 28.05 46.54 21.59 36.85 27.36
Nitrogen % 12.56 6.95 0.06 0.04 0.15
Sulphur % 0.18 0.03 0.40 0.55 0.17
Chlorine % 0.34 0.76 0.36 0.73 p.o.
Moisture content % 5.08 3.55 3.11 5.97 7.90
Ash content % 0.97 6.64 5.48 1.49 0.10
Valatile parts % 75.02 66.63 87.28 72.81 69.70
Heat of combustion MJ/kg 19.10 18.61 27.76 16.46 20.23
Calorific value MJ/kg 18.04 18.18 26.90 15.18 19.16
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