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Analysis of Concrete Corrosion of Manhole Located Near Source of Odorous Emission

Bożena GIL
Bożena GIL
, 
Barbara SŁOMKA-SŁUPIK
Barbara SŁOMKA-SŁUPIK
, 
Katarzyna KOWALSKA
Katarzyna KOWALSKA
 und 
Karol JASIŃSKI
Karol JASIŃSKI
   | 02. März 2022
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Online veröffentlicht: 02. März 2022
Seitenbereich: 93 - 104
Eingereicht: 13. Feb. 2018
Akzeptiert: 22. Mai 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-057
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© 2018 Bożena Gil et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Example of a change in the concentration of hydrogen sulphide and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in an expansion well, average retention time of sewage about 2 hours, pumping station for household sewage, measurements made with a multi-gas meter MX6 iBrid, measurement accuracy ±0.1ppm, enabling data registration [16]
Example of a change in the concentration of hydrogen sulphide and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in an expansion well, average retention time of sewage about 2 hours, pumping station for household sewage, measurements made with a multi-gas meter MX6 iBrid, measurement accuracy ±0.1ppm, enabling data registration [16]

Figure 2.

Elements of concrete well (manhole)
Elements of concrete well (manhole)

Figure 3.

An example of the frequency and sum of the frequency of occurrence of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) concentration in the expansion well, determined based on the data presented in Fig. 1
An example of the frequency and sum of the frequency of occurrence of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) concentration in the expansion well, determined based on the data presented in Fig. 1

Figure 4.

Diagram of corrosive interactions and transformations of sulfur compounds, source: [21]
Diagram of corrosive interactions and transformations of sulfur compounds, source: [21]

Figure 5.

Example of sewage manholes affected by sulphate corrosion of concrete [Photo: B.Słomka-Słupik, B.Gil]
Example of sewage manholes affected by sulphate corrosion of concrete [Photo: B.Słomka-Słupik, B.Gil]

Figure 6.

The interior of the S50 well
The interior of the S50 well

Figure 7.

The example of a change in the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in the S50 well. Measurements made with the OdaLog gas detector. September 2016 Figure 8.
The example of a change in the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in the S50 well. Measurements made with the OdaLog gas detector. September 2016 Figure 8.

Figure 8.

Gypsum. SEM-BSE images of concrete film sample of 1 mm thick from the inside of the upper circle of the S50 drain well, scale: a) 50 µm, b) 2 µm
Gypsum. SEM-BSE images of concrete film sample of 1 mm thick from the inside of the upper circle of the S50 drain well, scale: a) 50 µm, b) 2 µm

Media used to determine the presence of selected groups of microorganisms in the samples

Medium A group of microorganisms Method for determining the presence of microorganisms
Waksman Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria Determination of changes in SO4 2- ions concentration using reagent tests cat. No. 114791 (Merck, Germany) before and after incubation
9K Iron (II) ions oxidizing bacteria Determination of changes in Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions concentration using a titration method with a EDTA solution against the sulfosalicylic acid index
Winogradski Nitrifying bacteria Determination of changes in NH4 + and NO3- ions using reagent tests cat. No. 100683 and cat. No. 109713 (Merck, Germany) before and after incubation

Average values of sulphate concentration in concrete and pH value, concrete specimens taken from the height of 2.20 m above the level of sewage table, well S50

Type of the test Specimen pH SO4 2- Concentration, %mas SO4 2- concentration relative to the dissolved phase, %mas Humidity, %
Concrete film, thickness: 1–2 mm 7.1 22.4 54.8 23
Concrete under the “film”, thickness: 2 cm 7.7 18.5 43.6 25

Types of microorganisms marked in preparations from S50 well

o.n. Location of sampling in a sewage well A group of microorganisms
Cast iron plate of the well Outer coating of concrete (concrete film, thickness approx. 1–2 mm) Layer of concrete under the film; thickness about 2 cm
1 +/- + + sulfur-oxidizing
2 - - + sulfate-reducing
3 + + + Fe2+-oxidizing
4 + + + aerobic heterotrophs
5 - + + anaerobic heterotrophs
6 - + + nitrifiers and denitrifiers

Composition of microbiological media used for screening of selected groups of microorganisms

Waksman medium 9K Silverman and Lundgren medium Winogradski medium
Component Concentration g/l Component Concentration g/l Component Concentration g/l
(NH4)2SO4 0.2 K2HPO4 0.5 (NH4)2SO4 2.0
KH2PO4 3 (NH4)2SO4 3 K2HPO4 1.0
MgSO4 · 7 H2O 0.5 MgSO4 · 7 H2O 0.5 MgSO4 · 7H2O 0.5
CaCl2 · 6 H2O 0.025 Ca(NO3)2 0.01 NaCl 2.0
FeSO4 · 7 H2O traces KCl 0.1 FeSO4 · 7H2O 0.4
S0 10 FeSO4 · 7 H2O 44.2 CaCO3 10.0
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