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Zinc and Lead in Aquatic Plants and Bottom Sediments of Anthropogenic Rivers

Anna MAŁACHOWSKA-JUTSZ
Anna MAŁACHOWSKA-JUTSZ
 und 
Jolanta GUMIŃSKA
Jolanta GUMIŃSKA
   | 04. Apr. 2019
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Online veröffentlicht: 04. Apr. 2019
Seitenbereich: 125 - 134
Eingereicht: 07. Aug. 2017
Akzeptiert: 24. Jan. 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-030
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© 2018 Anna Małachowska-Jutsz Anna et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Lead concentration in different parts of plants

sampling point Common Reed (root) [mg·kg−1d.m.] Common Reed (steam) [mg·kg−1d.m.] Yellow Iris (root) [mg·kg−1d.m.] Yellow Iris (steam) [mg·kg−1d.m.]
The Bierawka 10.22±1.168 0.99±0.138 2.3±0.460 1.38±0.144
The Gostynia 5.67±1.066 1.94±0.207 1.5±0.358 0.78±0.101
The Przemsza 186.8±6.771 22.6±1.648 41.78±2.962 24.14±3.792
The Vistula 112.6±7.843 9.86±1.114 18.6±1.442 8.6±0.844

Ecotoxicology criteria for assessment of pollution of bottom sediments of rivers and lakes [22]

metal TEL (Threshold Effect Level) [mg kg−1 d.m.] PEL (Probable Effect Levels) [mg kg−1 d.m.]
zinc 123 315
lead 35 91

Comparison of the results of ecotoxicological assessment

sampling point ecotoxicological evaluation based on the studies ecotoxicological evaluation of Polish Geological Institute in 2011
The Bierawka sediment often harmfully influencing living organisms *
The Gostynia sediment occasionally harmfully influencing living organisms sediment occasionally harmfully influencing living organisms
The Przemsza sediment often harmfully influencing living organisms sediment often harmfully influencing living organisms
The Vistula sediment often harmfully influencing living organisms sediment often harmfully influencing living organisms

Translocation factors for lead and zinc

sampling point translocation factor for lead translocation factor for zinc
Common Reed Yellow Iris Common Reed Yellow Iris
The Bierawka 0.097 0.6 0.16 0.752
The Gostynia 0.342 0.52 0.553 0.793
The Przemsza 0.121 0.578 0.449 0.812
The Vistula 0.088 0.462 0.117 0.74

Phytoaccumulation coefficients for lead

sampling point plant part of the plant phytoaccumulation coefficient (PC) accumulation degree
The Bierawka Common Reed shoot 0.012 poor
root 0.127 average
Yellow Iris shoots 0.017 poor
root 0.029 poor
The Gostynia Common Reed shoots 0.033 poor
root 0.096 average
Yellow Iris shoots 0.013 poor
root 0.025 poor
The Przemsza Common Reed shoots 0.014 poor
root 0.115 average
Yellow Iris shoots 0.015 poor
root 0.026 poor
The Vistula Common Reed shoots 0.011 poor
root 0.13 average
Yellow Iris shoots 0.009 no accumulation
root 0.02 poor

Zinc concentration in different parts of plants

sampling point Common Reed (root) [mg·kg−1d.m.] Common Reed (steam) [mg·kg−1d.m.] Yellow Iris (root) [mg·kg−1d.m.] Yellow Iris (steam) [mg·kg−1d.m.]
The Bierawka 148.7±17.815 14.92±1.635 21.92±1.687 16.48±1.699
The Gostynia 111.14±18.898 61.49±7.339 11.2±1.247 8.88±0.295
The Przemsza 860.9±104.298 386.7±61.957 185.78±22.770 150.8±11.658
The Vistula 144.2±31.909 16.8±1.291 28.24±2.811 20.9±3.299

Acceptable content of zinc and lead in sediments (LAWA classification)

metal Purity class
I I-II II* II-III III III-IV IV
Unpolluted Unpollut./ moder. polluted Moder. polluted Moder. polluted/strongly polluted strongly polluted strongly/very strongly polluted very strongly polluted
[mgkg−1 d.m.]
zinc ≤100 ≤200 ≤400 ≤800 ≤1600 ≤3200 >3200
lead ≤25 ≤50 ≤100 ≤200 ≤400 ≤800 >800

Concentration of lead and zinc in bottom sediments

sampling point lead concentartion [mg·kg−1d.m.] zinc concentration [mg·kg−1d.m.]
The Bierawka 80.39±10.2 548.1±10.96
The Gostynia 58.99±8.6 224.06±1.181
The Przemsza 1623.82±17.28 4356.26±104.928
The Vistula 866±12.56 649.5±59.37

Measuring points

sampling point longitude [°] latitude[°] dominant plant species
The Bierawka 18.634343 50.196518 Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
The Gostynia 19.10667 50.06147 Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
The Przemsza 19.23875 50.16147 Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
The Vistula 19.234761 50.064577 Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)

Geochemical evaluation criteria of bottom sediments of rivers and lakes [7]

metal uncontaminated sediment [mg kg−1 d.m.] moderately contaminated sediment [mg kg−1 d.m.] contaminated sediment [mg kg−1 d.m.]
zinc 200 500 1000
lead 30 100 200

Comparison of the results of geochemical assessment

sampling point geochemical evaluation based on the studies geochemical evaluation of the Geological Institute
The Bierawka contaminated sediment *
The Gostynia moderately contaminated sediment contaminated sediment
The Przemsza heavily contaminated sediment heavily contaminated sediment
The Vistula contaminated sediment moderately contaminated sediment

Phytoaccumulation coefficients for zinc

sampling point plant part of the plant phytoaccumulation coefficient (PC) accumulation degree
The Bierawka Common Reed shoot 0.027 poor
root 0.271 average
Yellow Iris shoots 0.003 no accumulation
root 0.04 poor
The Gostynia Common Reed shoots 0.274 average
root 0.496 average
Yellow Iris shoots 0.04 poor
root 0.05 poor
The Przemsza Common Reed shoots 0.089 poor
root 0.197 average
Yellow Iris shoots 0.035 poor
root 0.043 poor
The Vistula Common Reed shoots 0.026 poor
root 0.222 average
Yellow Iris shoots 0.03 poor
root 0.04 poor

Pearson correlation coefficient

Plant Correlation The Bierawka The Gostynia The Przemsza The Vistula
Pb Zn Pb Zn Pb Zn Pb Zn
Common Reed sediment - root 0.842 0.970 0.970 0.997 0.817 0.607 0.948 0.954
sediment - steam 0.736 0.948 0.967 0.982 0.798 0.751 0.814 0.867
root - steam 0.968 0.973 0.988 0.983 0.939 0.970 0.911 0.877
Yellow ris sediment - root 0.878 0.972 0.983 0.908 0.889 0.851 0.841 0.967
sediment - steam 0.788 0.958 0.969 0.961 0.803 0.684 0.801 0.828
root - steam 0.919 0.986 0.996 0.972 0.935 0.876 0.915 0.933
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