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Landscape Architecture in Protection of Pedestrian Zones Against Acts of Terrorism

Anna ECKES
Anna ECKES
   | 01. Apr. 2019
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment's Cover Image
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Online veröffentlicht: 01. Apr. 2019
Seitenbereich: 7 - 12
Eingereicht: 08. Nov. 2017
Akzeptiert: 11. Juni 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-017
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© 2018 Anna Eckes published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

An example of a large-scale city map with colour-coded groups of objects of the same class. A topologically accurate map image is the source material for determining the junction line of traffic and pedestrian zones
An example of a large-scale city map with colour-coded groups of objects of the same class. A topologically accurate map image is the source material for determining the junction line of traffic and pedestrian zones

Figure 2.

Algorithm in ArcGIS ModelBuilder visual language used for determining the adjacent line between the pedestrian zone (pavements) and the carriage-way. The resulting line, drawn on the map shown in Figure 1, was redesigned and made visible by using a red buffer
Algorithm in ArcGIS ModelBuilder visual language used for determining the adjacent line between the pedestrian zone (pavements) and the carriage-way. The resulting line, drawn on the map shown in Figure 1, was redesigned and made visible by using a red buffer

Figure 3.

Main Square in Cracow, approximately 200 × 200 metres, with many streets adjacent to the square. Design of the matrix with landscape architecture elements on the axes of the Sierpinski fractal line
Main Square in Cracow, approximately 200 × 200 metres, with many streets adjacent to the square. Design of the matrix with landscape architecture elements on the axes of the Sierpinski fractal line

Figure 4.

Axonometric projections of the square in Figure 3 with a grid of landscape architecture elements
Axonometric projections of the square in Figure 3 with a grid of landscape architecture elements

Figure 5.

Praça do Comércio square in Lisbon surrounded by buildings on three sides and adjacent to the delta of the Tagus river on the fourth side. The drawing shows the design of the matrix based on Sierpinski fractal line on three sides
Praça do Comércio square in Lisbon surrounded by buildings on three sides and adjacent to the delta of the Tagus river on the fourth side. The drawing shows the design of the matrix based on Sierpinski fractal line on three sides

Figure 6.

Axonometric projection of the Praça do Comércio from figure 5 with a grid of landscape architecture elements in a panoramic lookout and southern districts of Lisbon – Cais do Sodré
Axonometric projection of the Praça do Comércio from figure 5 with a grid of landscape architecture elements in a panoramic lookout and southern districts of Lisbon – Cais do Sodré

Figure 7.

A street buffer intersecting pedestrian zones (squares and pavements) was used to determine the high risk area, where a vehicle can easily get through the adjacent street
A street buffer intersecting pedestrian zones (squares and pavements) was used to determine the high risk area, where a vehicle can easily get through the adjacent street

Figure 8.

The design of the square security system – close to the entrance of the market square some examples of labyrinth blockades were set up, which block the entry of heavy vehicles while allowing emergency and delivery vehicles
The design of the square security system – close to the entrance of the market square some examples of labyrinth blockades were set up, which block the entry of heavy vehicles while allowing emergency and delivery vehicles

Figure 9.

Different forms of landscape architecture which can be used as barriers protecting the squares from vehicle-ramming
Different forms of landscape architecture which can be used as barriers protecting the squares from vehicle-ramming
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