Judgements of research co-created by Generative AI: Experimental evidence

Alper, S., & Yilmaz, O. (2020). Does an abstract mind-set increase the internal consistency of moral attitudes and strengthen individualizing foundations? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(3), 326–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619856309 Search in Google Scholar

American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). APA. Search in Google Scholar

Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. M., & Walker, S. C. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01 Search in Google Scholar

Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610393980 Search in Google Scholar

Cargill, M., & O’Connor, P. (2021). Writing scientific research articles: Strategy and steps. John Wiley & Sons. Search in Google Scholar

Cha, Y. J., Baek, S., Ahn, G., Lee, H., Lee, B., Shin, J., & Jang, D. (2020). Compensating for the loss of human distinctiveness: The use of social creativity under Human–Machine comparisons. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.027 Search in Google Scholar

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum. Search in Google Scholar

Dietvorst, B. J., Simmons, J. P., & Massey, C. (2015). Algorithm aversion: People erroneously avoid algorithms after seeing them err. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(1), 114–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000033 Search in Google Scholar

Dowling, M., & Lucey, B. (2023). ChatGPT for (finance) research: The Bananarama conjecture. Finance Research Letters, 103662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.103662 Search in Google Scholar

Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., Baabdullah, A. M., Koohang, A., Raghavan, V., Ahuja, M., Albanna, H., Albashrawi, M. A., Al-Busaidi, A. S., Balakrishnan, J., Barlette, Y., Basu, S., Bose, I., Brooks, L., Buhalis, D., … Wright, R. (2023). “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642 Search in Google Scholar

Eloundou, T., Manning, S., Mishkin, P., & Rock, D. (2023). GPTs are GPTs: An early look at the labor market impact potential of large language models (arXiv:2303.10130). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.10130 Search in Google Scholar

Funder, D. C., & Ozer, D. J. (2019). Evaluating effect size in psychological research: Sense and nonsense. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919847202 Search in Google Scholar

King, M. (2023). Can GPT-4 formulate and test a novel hypothesis? Yes and no. TechRxiv. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22517278.v1 Search in Google Scholar

Korinek, A. (2023). Language models and cognitive automation for economic research. Working Paper, 30957. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w30957 Search in Google Scholar

Korzynski, P., Mazurek, G., Altmann, A., Ejdys, J., Kazlauskaite, R., Paliszkiewicz, J., Wach, K., & Ziemba, E. (2023). Generative Artificial Intelligence as a new context for management theories: Analysis of ChatGPT. Central European Management Journal, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-02-2023-0091 Search in Google Scholar

Kung, T. H., Cheatham, M., ChatGPT, Medenilla, A., Sillos, C., Leon, L. D., Elepaño, C., Madriaga, M., Aggabao, R., Diaz-Candido, G., Maningo, J., & Tseng, V. (2022). Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.19.22283643 Search in Google Scholar

Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. (2017). lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1–26. Search in Google Scholar

OpenAI. (2022, November 30). ChatGPT: Optimizing language models for dialogue. OpenAI. https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/ Search in Google Scholar

OpenAI. (2023). GPT-4 technical report (arXiv:2303.08774). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.08774 Search in Google Scholar

Palan, S., & Schitter, C. (2018). Prolific.ac—A subject pool for online experiments. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 17, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2017.12.004 Search in Google Scholar

Peer, E., Brandimarte, L., Samat, S., & Acquisti, A. (2017). Beyond the Turk: Alternative platforms for crowdsourcing behavioral research. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 70, 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.01.006 Search in Google Scholar

Peer, E., Rothschild, D., Gordon, A., Evernden, Z., & Damer, E. (2022). Data quality of platforms and panels for online behavioral research. Behavior Research Methods, 54(4), 1643–1662. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01694-3 Search in Google Scholar

Satariano, A. (2023, March 31). ChatGPT is banned in Italy over privacy concerns. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/31/technology/chatgpt-italy-ban.html Search in Google Scholar

Stokel-Walker, C. (2023). ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: Many scientists disapprove. Nature, 613(7945), 620–621. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00107-z Search in Google Scholar

Thorp, H. H. (2023). ChatGPT is fun, but not an author. Science, 379(6630), 313–313. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg7879 Search in Google Scholar

Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use. (2023). Nature, 613(7945), 612–612. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00191-1 Search in Google Scholar

Wach, K., Duong, C. D., Ejdys, J., Kazlauskaitė, R., Korzynski, P., Mazurek, G., Paliszkiewicz, J., & Ziemba, E. (2023). The dark side of Generative Artificial Intelligence: A critical analysis of controversies and risks of ChatGPT. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 11(2), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2023.110201 Search in Google Scholar

Wang, S. H. (2023). OpenAI—explain why some countries are excluded from ChatGPT. Nature, 615(7950), 34–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00553-9 Search in Google Scholar

Wu, Y., Mou, Y., Li, Z., & Xu, K. (2020). Investigating American and Chinese subjects’ explicit and implicit perceptions of AI-generated artistic work. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106186 Search in Google Scholar