Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Microsedimentology of tills near Ainet, Austria - were palaeo-ice streams in the European Alps underlain by soft deforming bed zones?


Zitieren

Andreassen, K., Winsborrow, M., 2009. Signature of ice streaming in Bjørnøyrenna, Polar North Atlantic, through the Pleistocene and implications for ice-stream dynamics. Annals of Glaciology 50, 17-26. http://doi:10.3189/17275640978962423810.3189/172756409789624238Search in Google Scholar

Ballas, G., Fossen, H., Soliva, R., 2015. Factors controlling permeability of cataclastic deformation bands and faults in porous sandstone reservoirs. Journal of Structural Geology 76,1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.03.01310.1016/j.jsg.2015.03.013Search in Google Scholar

Brandes, C., Igel, J., Loewer, M., Tanner, D.C., Lang, J., Müller, K., Winsemann, J., 2018. Visualisation and analysis of shear-deformation bands in unconsolidated Pleistocene sand using ground-penetrating radar: Implications for paleoseismological studies. Sedimentary Geology 367, 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.02.00510.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.02.005Search in Google Scholar

Brisbourne, A.M., Smith, A.M., Vaughan, D.G., King, E.C., Davies, D., Bingham, R.G., Smith, E.C., Nias, I.J., Rosier, S.H.R., 2017. Bed conditions of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 122, 419-433. https://doi:10.1002/2016JF00403310.1002/2016JF004033Search in Google Scholar

Büchi, M.W., Frank, S.M., Graf, H.R., Menzies, J., Anselmetti, F.S., 2017. Subglacial emplacement of tills and meltwater deposits at the base of overdeepened bedrock troughs. Sedimentology 64, 658-685. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.1231910.1111/sed.12319Search in Google Scholar

Büchi, M.W., Graf, H.R., Haldimann, P., Lowick, S.E., Anselmetti, F.S., 2018. Multiple Quaternary erosion and infill cycles in overdeepened basins of the northern Alpine foreland. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 111, 133-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-017-0289-9(0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV)10.1007/s00015-017-0289-9Search in Google Scholar

Burschil, T., Tanner, D.C., Reitner, J.M., Buness, H., Gabriel, G., 2019. Unravelling the shape and stratigraphy of a glacially-overdeepened valley with reflection seismic: the Lienz Basin (Austria) Swiss Journal of Geoscience 112, 341–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-019-00339-010.1007/s00015-019-00339-0Search in Google Scholar

Carey, J.M., Crutchley, G.J., Mountjoy, J.J., Petley, D.N., McSaveney, M.J., Lyndsell, B., 2019. Slow episodic movement driven by elevated pore-fluid pressures in shallow subaqueous slopes. Geomorphology 329, 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.12.03410.1016/j.geomorph.2018.12.034Search in Google Scholar

Carr, S.J., Rose, J., 2003. Till fabric patterns and significance: particle response to subglacial stress. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22, 1415-1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00125-210.1016/S0277-3791(03)00125-2Search in Google Scholar

Christianson, K., Jacobel, R.W., Horgan, H.J., Alley, R.B., Anandakrishnan, S., Holland, D.M., DallaSanta, K.J., 2016. Basal conditions at the grounding zone of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica, from ice-penetrating radar. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 121, 1954-1983. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF00380610.1002/2015JF003806Search in Google Scholar

Clague, J.J., Ward, B., 2011. Pleistocene glaciation of British Columbia. In Developments in Quaternary Sciences 15. Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L., Hughes, P.D. (Eds.) Elsevier. pp. 563-573. ISBN: 978-0-444-53447-7.10.1016/B978-0-444-53447-7.00044-1Search in Google Scholar

Clark, C.D., Stokes, C.R., 2003. The palaeo-Ice Stream Landsystem. In Evans, D.J.A. (Ed.), Glacial Landsystems (pp. 204-227): Arnold, London. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.826.10.1002/jqs.826Search in Google Scholar

Cohen, D., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Haeberli, W., Machguth, H., Fischer, U.H., 2018. Numerical reconstructions of the flow and basal conditions of the Rhine glacier, European Central Alps, at the Last Glacial Maximum. The Cryo-sphere, 12, 2515-2544. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2515-201810.5194/tc-12-2515-2018Search in Google Scholar

Cowan, E.A., Christoffersen, P., Powell, R.D., 2012. Sedimentological signature of a deformable bed preserved beneath an ice stream in a Late Pleistocene glacial sequence, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 82, 270-282. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2012.2510.2110/jsr.2012.25Search in Google Scholar

Cowan, E. A., Christoffersen, P., Powell, R. D., Talarico, F.M., 2014. Dynamics of the late Plio–Pleistocene West Antarctic Ice Sheet documented in subglacial diamictites, AND-1B drill core. Global and Planetary Change, 119(Supplement C), 56-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.05.01110.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.05.011Search in Google Scholar

Davies, D., Bingham, R.G., King, E.C., Smith, A.M., Bris-bourne, A.M., Spagnolo, M., Graham, A.G.C., Hogg, A.E., Vaughan, D.G., 2018. How dynamic are ice-stream beds? The Cryosphere, 12, 1615-1628. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1615-201810.5194/tc-12-1615-2018Search in Google Scholar

Diez, A., Matsuoka, K., Ferraccioli, F., Jordan, T.A., Corr, H.F., Kohler, J., Olesen, A.V., Forsberg, R., 2018. Basal settings control fast ice flow in the Recovery/Slessor/Bailey Region, East Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 45, 2706-2715. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL07660110.1002/2017GL076601Search in Google Scholar

Dowdeswell, J.A., Elverhøi, A., 2002. The timing of initiation of fast-flowing ice streams during a glacial cycle inferred from glaciomarine sedimentation. Marine Geology 188, 3-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00272-410.1016/S0025-3227(02)00272-4Search in Google Scholar

Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L., Hughes, P.D., 2011. Supplementary data to Quaternary glaciations – extent and chronology, a closer look. Developments in Quaternary Science 15, Elsevier, Amsterdam. https://booksite.elsevier.com/978044453447710.1016/B978-0-444-53447-7.00002-7Search in Google Scholar

Eyles, N., Arbelaez Moreno, L., Sookhan, S., 2018. Ice streams of the Late Wisconsin Cordilleran Ice Sheet in western North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 179, 87-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.02710.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.027Search in Google Scholar

Evans, D.J., 2017. Till: A glacial process sedimentology. John Wiley and Sons. 400pp. ISBN – 9781118652596.10.1002/9781118652541Search in Google Scholar

Evans, D., Phillips, E., Hiemstra, J., Auton, C., 2006. Subglacial till: formation, sedimentary characteristics and classification. Earth-Science Reviews 78, 115-176. https://doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.04.00110.1016/j.earscirev.2006.04.001Search in Google Scholar

Evenson, E.B., 1971. The relationship of macro- to micro-fabrics of tills and the genesis of glacial landforms in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. In: Goldthwait, R.P. (Ed.), Till, a symposium. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, pp. 345-364.Search in Google Scholar

Eyles, N., Arbelaez Moreno, L., Sookhan, S., 2018. Ice streams of the Late Wisconsin Cordilleran Ice Sheet in western North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 179, 87-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.02710.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.027Search in Google Scholar

Fossen, H., Soliva, R., Ballas, G., Trzaskos, B., Cavalcante, C., Schultz, R.A., 2017. A Review of Deformation Bands in Reservoir Sandstones: Geometries, Mechanisms and Distribution, vol. 459 Geological Society, London, Special Publications SP459.4. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP459.410.1144/SP459.4Search in Google Scholar

Fossen, H., Cavalcante, G. C. G., Pinheiro, R. V. L., Archanjo, C., J. 2019. Deformation–progressive or multiphase? Journal of Structural Geology 125, 82-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.05.00610.1016/j.jsg.2018.05.006Search in Google Scholar

Gao, C., McAndrews, J.H., Wang, X., Menzies, J., Turton, C.L., Wood, B.D., Pei, J., Kodors, C., 2012. Glaciation of North America in the James Bay Lowland, Canada, 3.5 Ma. Geology 40, 975-978. https://doi:10.1130/G33092.110.1130/G33092.1Search in Google Scholar

Haeberli, W., Penz, U., 1985. An attempt to reconstruct glaciological and climatological characteristics of 18 ka BP Ice Age glaciers in and around the Swiss Alps. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 21, 351-361.Search in Google Scholar

Halberstadt, A.R.W., Simkins, L.M., Anderson, J.B., Prothro, L.O., Bart, P.J., 2018. Characteristics of the deforming bed: till properties on the deglaciated Antarctic continental shelf. Journal of Glaciology, 1-14. https://doi:10.1017/jog.2018.9210.1017/jog.2018.92Search in Google Scholar

Hart, J.K., Martinez, K., Basford, P.J., Clayton, A.I., Robson, B.A., Young, D.S., 2019. Surface melt driven summer diurnal and winter multi-day stick-slip motion and till sedimentology. Nature communications 10, 1-11. https://doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09547-610.1038/s41467-019-09547-6Search in Google Scholar

Hiemstra, J.F., van der Meer, J.J.M., 1997. Pore-water controlled grain fracturing as indicator for subglacial shearing in tills. Journal of Glaciology 43: 446-454. https://doi.org/10.3189/S002214300003503610.3189/S0022143000035036Search in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, K., Piotrowski, J. A., 2001. Till melange at Amsdorf, central Germany; sediment erosion, transport and deposition in a complex, soft-bedded subglacial system. Sedimentary Geology 140, 215-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00184-610.1016/S0037-0738(00)00184-6Search in Google Scholar

Keller, B., 1996. Lithofazies-Codes für die Klassifikation von Lockergesteinen. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Boden- und Felsmechanik 132, 5–12.Search in Google Scholar

Klasen, N., Fiebig, M., Preusser, R., Reitner, J.M., Radtke, U., 2007. Luminescence dating of proglacial sediments from the Eastern Alps. Quaternary International 164-165, 21-32. https://doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.00310.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.003Search in Google Scholar

Lee, J.R., Phillips, E.R., 2008. Progressive soft sediment deformation within a subglacial shear zone—a hybrid mosaic–pervasive deformation model for Middle Pleistocene glaciotectonised sediments from eastern England. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 1350-1362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.03.00910.1016/j.quascirev.2008.03.009Search in Google Scholar

Lindgren, A., Hugelius, G., Kuhry, P., Christensen, T.R., Vandenberghe, J., 2016. GIS-based Maps and Area Estimates of Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Extent during the Last Glacial Maximum. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 27, 6-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.185110.1002/ppp.1851Search in Google Scholar

Linner, M., Reitner, J. M., Pavlik, W., 2013. Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000 Blatt 179 Lienz, Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien.Search in Google Scholar

Margold, M., Jansson, K.N., Kleman, J., Stroeven, A.P., Clague, J.J., 2013. Retreat pattern of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in central British Columbia at the end of the last glaciation reconstructed from glacial meltwater land-forms. Boreas 42, 830-847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.02710.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.027Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, J., 1990. Sand Intraclasts within a diamicton mélange, southern Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Quaternary Science 5, 189-206.10.1002/jqs.3390050303Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, J., 2000. Micromorphological analyses of micro-fabrics and microstructures, indicative of deformation processes, in glacial sediments. In: Maltman, A.J. Hubbard, B., Hambrey, M.J. (Eds.), Deformation of Glacial Materials. Geological Society, London. pp. 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.176.01.1910.1144/GSL.SP.2000.176.01.19Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, J., 2012. Strain pathways, till internal architecture and microstructures – perspectives on a general kinematic model – a ‘blueprint’ for till development. Quaternary Science Reviews 50, 105-124. https://doi.10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.07.01210.1016/j.quascirev.2012.07.012Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, J., van der Meer, J.J.M., 2018. Micromorphology and Microsedimentology of Glacial Sediments Chapter 21. In: Menzies, J., van der Meer, J.J.M. (Eds.), Past Glacial Environments (Second Edition). Elsevier, pp. 753-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100524-8.00036-110.1016/B978-0-08-100524-8.00036-1Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, J., Reitner, J.M., 2016. Microsedimentology of ice stream tills from the Eastern Alps, Austria–a new perspective on till microstructures. Boreas 45, 804-827. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.1218910.1111/bor.12189Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, J., Reitner, J.M., 2019. Microstructures, sub-glacial till deposition, and shear band development revealing up-section changes in shear–A study from Weissbach, Austria. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 130/2, 196-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.11.00110.1016/j.pgeola.2018.11.001Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, J., Gao, C., Kodors, C., 2013. Microstructural analyses of a Middle Pliocene till from the James Bay Lowlands, Canada—evidence of “potential” fast ice streaming. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 124, 790-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2012.07.00210.1016/j.pgeola.2012.07.002Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, J., van der Meer, J.J.M., Ravier, E., 2016. A kinematic unifying theory of microstructures in subglacial tills. Sedimentary Geology 344, 57-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.03.02410.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.03.024Search in Google Scholar

Monegato, G., Ravazzi, C., Donegana, M., Pini, R., Calderoni, G., Wick, L., 2007. Evidence of a two-fold glacial advance during the last glacial maximum in the Tagliamento end moraine system (eastern Alps). Quaternary Research 68, 284-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.07.00210.1016/j.yqres.2007.07.002Search in Google Scholar

Narloch, W., Phillips, E.R., Piotrowski, J.A., Ćwiek, M., 2020. Patterns of deformation within a subglacial shear zone: Implications for palaeo-ice stream bed evolution. Sedimentary Geology 39, 105569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.10556910.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.105569Search in Google Scholar

Passchier, C.W., Trouw, R.A.J., 1996. Micro-tectonics. Berlin-Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag. 289pp. ISBN-10 3-540-64003-7Search in Google Scholar

Philit, S., Soliva, R., Castilla, R., Ballas, G., Taillefer, A., 2018. Clusters of cataclastic deformation bands in porous sandstones. Journal of Structural Geology 114, 235-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.04.01310.1016/j.jsg.2018.04.013Search in Google Scholar

Phillips, E., 2006. Micromorphology of a debris flow deposit: evidence of basal shearing, hydrofracturing, liquefaction and rotational deformation during emplacement. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 720-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.00410.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.004Search in Google Scholar

Phillips, E., van der Meer, J.J.M., Ferguson, A., 2011. A new ‘microstructural mapping’ methodology for the identification, analysis and interpretation of polyphase deformation within subglacial sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 2570-2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.02410.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.024Search in Google Scholar

Phillips, E., Spagnolo, M., Pilmer, A.C., Rea, B.R., Piotrowski, J.A., Ely, J.C., Carr, S., 2018. Progressive ductile shearing during till accretion within the deforming bed of a palaeo-ice stream. Quaternary Science Reviews 193, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.00910.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.009Search in Google Scholar

Piotrowski, J.A., Larsen, N.K., Junge, F.W., 2004. Reflections on soft subglacial beds as a mosaic of deforming and stable spots. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 993-1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.01.00610.1016/j.quascirev.2004.01.006Search in Google Scholar

Prothro, L.O., Simkins, L.M., Majewski, W., Anderson, J.B., 2018. Glacial retreat patterns and processes determined from integrated sedimentology and geomorphology records. Marine Geology 395,104-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.09.01210.1016/j.margeo.2017.09.012Search in Google Scholar

Reinardy, B., 2012. Streaming flow of an Antarctic Peninsula palaeo-ice stream by both basal sliding and deformation of substrate. Quaternary International 279-280, 397. https://doi.org10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.125310.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1253Search in Google Scholar

Reinardy, B.T., Larter, R.D., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Murray, T., Hiemstra, J.F., Booth, A.D., 2011. Streaming flow of an Antarctic Peninsula palaeo-ice stream, both by basal sliding and deformation of substrate. Journal of Glaciology 57, 596-608. https://doi.org/10.3189/00221431179740975810.3189/002214311797409758Search in Google Scholar

Reitner, J., 2003. Bericht 1998/1999 über geologische Aufnahmen im Quartär auf Blatt 179 Lienz. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 143/3, 516-524.Search in Google Scholar

Reitner, J.M., 2005. Quartärgeologie und Landschaftsentwicklung im Raum Kitzbühel – St. Johann i. T. – Hopfgarten (Nordtirol) vom Riss bis in das Würm-Spätglazial (MIS 6-2). Doctoral Thesis, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria, 190pp. https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.1.2505.6405Search in Google Scholar

Reitner J.M., 2007. Glacial dynamics at the beginning of Termination I in the Eastern Alps and their stratigraphic implications. Quaternary International 164-165, 64-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.01610.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.016Search in Google Scholar

Reitner, J.M., Linner, M., 2009. Formation and preservation of large scale toppling related to alpine tectonic structures-Eastern Alps. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 102, 69-80Search in Google Scholar

Reitner, J.M., Gruber, W., Römer, A., Morawetz, R., 2010. Alpine overdeepenings and paleo-ice flow changes: an integrated geophysical-sedimentological case study from Tyrol (Austria). Swiss Journal of Geoscience 103, 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-010-0046-910.1007/s00015-010-0046-9Search in Google Scholar

Reitner, J.M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Drescher-Schneider, R., Hajdas, I., Linner, M., 2016. Reconsidering the current stratigraphy of the Alpine Lateglacial: Implications of the sedimentary and morphological record of the Lienz area (Tyrol/Austria). E&G Quaternary Science Journal 65, 113–144. https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.65.2.0210.3285/eg.65.2.02Search in Google Scholar

Rice, J.M., Paulen, R.C., Menzies, J., McClenaghan, M.B., 2014. Micromorphological descriptions of till from pit K-62, Pine Point mining district, Northwest Territories; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7526, 30 p. https://doi:10.4095/29347810.4095/293478Search in Google Scholar

Rice, J., Menzies, J., Paulen, R.C., McClenaghan, M.B., 2018. Microsedimentological evidence of vertical fluctuations in subglacial stress from the northwest sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Northwest Territories, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 363-379. https://doi:10.1139/cjes-2018-020110.1139/cjes-2018-0201Search in Google Scholar

Seguinot, J., Rogozhina, I., Stroeven, A.P., Margold, M., Kleman, J., 2016. Numerical simulations of the Cordilleran ice sheet through the last glacial cycle. The Cryosphere 10, 639–664. https://doi:10.5194/tc-10-639-201610.5194/tc-10-639-2016Search in Google Scholar

Seguinot, J., Ivy-Ochs, S., Jouvet, G., Huss, M., Funk, M., Preusser, F., 2018. Modelling last glacial cycle ice dynamics in the Alps. The Cryosphere 12, 3265-3285. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3265-201810.5194/tc-12-3265-2018Search in Google Scholar

Schoneveld, C., 1977. A study of some typical inclusion patterns in strongly paracrystalline-rotated garnets. Tectonophysics 39, 453-47110.1016/0040-1951(77)90109-3Search in Google Scholar

Schultz, R., Siddharthan, R., 2005. A general framework for the occurrence and faulting of deformation bands in porous granular rocks. Tectonophysics 411, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.07.00810.1016/j.tecto.2005.07.008Search in Google Scholar

Simpson, C., De Paor, D.G., 1993. Strain and kinematic analysis in general shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology 15, 1-20.10.1016/0191-8141(93)90075-LSearch in Google Scholar

Smith, A.M., Jordan, T.A., Ferraccioli, F., Bingham, R.G., 2013. Influence of subglacial conditions on ice stream dynamics: Seismic and potential field data from Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctic. Journal of Geophysical Research 118, 1471–1482, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB00958210.1029/2012JB009582Search in Google Scholar

Spagnolo, M., Phillips, E., Piotrowski, J.A., Rea, B.R., Clark, C.D., Stokes, C.R., Carr, S.J., Ely, J.C., Ribolini, A., Wysota, W., Szuman, I., 2016. Ice stream motion facilitated by a shallow-deforming and accreting bed. Nat Commun 7, 11p. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1072310.1038/ncomms10723Search in Google Scholar

Stokes, C.R., 2011. Palaeo-ice stream. In: Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers.10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_630Search in Google Scholar

Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 127-128. ISBN 978-90-481-2642-2Search in Google Scholar

Stokes, C.R., 2018. Geomorphology under ice streams: Moving from form to process. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 43, 85-123. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.425910.1002/esp.4259Search in Google Scholar

Stumpf, A.J., Broster, B.E., Levson, V.M., 2000. Multiphase flow of the late Wisconsinan cordilleran ice sheet in western Canada. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 112, 1850-1863. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1850:MFOTLW>2.0.CO;210.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1850:MFOTLW>2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Swift, D.A., Cook, S.J., Graham, D.J., Midgley, N.G., Fallick, A.E., Storrar, R., Toubes Rodrigo, M., Evans, D.J.A., 2018. Terminal zone glacial sediment transfer at a temperate overdeepened glacier system. Quaternary Science Reviews 180, 111-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.02710.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.027Search in Google Scholar

Thomason, J.F., Iverson, N.R., 2006. Microfabric and microshear evolution in deformed till. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 1027-1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.09.006.10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.09.006Search in Google Scholar

van der Meer, J.J.M., 1993. Microscopic evidence of sub-glacial deformation. Quaternary Science Reviews 12, 553-587.10.1016/0277-3791(93)90069-XSearch in Google Scholar

van der Meer, J.J.M., 1996. Micromorphology. In: Menzies, J (Ed.), Past Glacial Environments - sediments, forms and techniques. Butterworth-Heineman, Oxford. Chapter 12, pp. 335-356. ISBN: 0750623527.Search in Google Scholar

van der Meer, J.J.M., 1997. Particle and aggregate mobility in till: microscopic evidence of subglacial processes. Quaternary Science Reviews 16, 827-831.10.1016/S0277-3791(97)00052-8Search in Google Scholar

van der Meer, J.J.M., Menzies, J. 2011. The micromorphology of unconsolidated sediments. Sedimentary Geology 238, 213-232. https://doi.org/210.210.216/j.sedgeo.201110.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.04.013Search in Google Scholar

van Husen, D., 1977. Zur Fazies und Stratigraphie der jungpleistozänen Ablagerungen im Trauntal. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 120/1, 1-130.Search in Google Scholar

van Husen, D., 1987. Die Ostalpen in den Eiszeiten. Geologische Bundesantalt. 27pp.Search in Google Scholar

van Husen, D., 2000. Geological processes during the Quaternary. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft 92(1999), 135-156. ISSN 0251-7493Search in Google Scholar

van Husen, D., Reitner, J.M., 2011. An Outline of the Quaternary Stratigraphy of Austria. E&G – Quaternary Science Journal 60, 366-387. https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.60.2-3.0910.3285/eg.60.2-3.09Search in Google Scholar

Vaughan-Hirsch, D.P., Phillips, E., Lee, J.R., Hart, J.K., 2013. Micromorphological analysis of poly-phase deformation associated with the transport and emplacement of glaciotectonic rafts at West Runton, north Norfolk, UK. Boreas 42, 376-394. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00268.x10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00268.xSearch in Google Scholar

Walter, F., Chaput, J., Lüthi, M.P., 2014. Thick sediments beneath Greenland’s ablation zone and their potential role in future ice sheet dynamics. Geology 42, 487-490. https://doi.org/10.1130/G35492.110.1130/G35492.1Search in Google Scholar

Winsborrow, M.C.M., Clark, C.D., Stokes, C.R., 2010. What controls the location of ice streams? Earth-Science Reviews 103, 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.07.00310.1016/j.earscirev.2010.07.003Search in Google Scholar

Wirsig, C., Zasadni, J., Christl, M., Akçar, N., Ivy-Ochs, S., 2016. Dating the onset of LGM ice surface lowering in the High Alps. Quaternary Science Reviews 143, 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.05.00110.1016/j.quascirev.2016.05.001Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2072-7151
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
Volume Open
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Geowissenschaften, Geophysik, Geologie und Mineralogie, andere