US-guided high-volume injection for Achilles tendinopathy

1. Doral MN, Alam M, Bozkurt M, Turhan E, Atay OA, Dönmez G et al.: Functional anatomy of the Achilles tendon. Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2010; 18: 638–643. Doral MN Alam M Bozkurt M Turhan E Atay OA Dönmez G : Functional anatomy of the Achilles tendon . Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2010 ; 18 : 638 – 643 . 10.1007/s00167-010-1083-7 Search in Google Scholar

2. Uquillas CA, Guss MS, Ryan DJ, Jazrawi LM, Strauss EJ: Everything Achilles: knowledge update and current concepts in management. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015; 97: 1187–1195. Uquillas CA Guss MS Ryan DJ Jazrawi LM Strauss EJ : Everything Achilles: knowledge update and current concepts in management . J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015 ; 97 : 1187 – 1195 . 10.2106/JBJS.O.00002 Search in Google Scholar

3. Magnan B, Bondi M, Pierantoni S, Samaila E: The pathogenesis of Achilles tendinopathy: A systematic review. Foot Ankle Surg 2014; 20: 154–159. Magnan B Bondi M Pierantoni S Samaila E : The pathogenesis of Achilles tendinopathy: A systematic review . Foot Ankle Surg 2014 ; 20 : 154 – 159 . 10.1016/j.fas.2014.02.010 Search in Google Scholar

4. Kujala UM, Sarna S, Kaprio J: Cumulative incidence of achilles tendon rupture and tendinopathy in male former elite athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2005; 15: 133–135. Kujala UM Sarna S Kaprio J : Cumulative incidence of achilles tendon rupture and tendinopathy in male former elite athletes . Clin J Sport Med 2005 ; 15 : 133 – 135 . 10.1097/01.jsm.0000165347.55638.23 Search in Google Scholar

5. Rolf C, Movin T: Etiology, histopathology, and outcome of surgery in achillodynia. Foot Ankle Int 1997; 18: 565–569. Rolf C Movin T : Etiology, histopathology, and outcome of surgery in achillodynia . Foot Ankle Int 1997 ; 18 : 565 – 569 . 10.1177/107110079701800906 Search in Google Scholar

6. van Dijk CN, van Sterkenburg MN, Wiegerinck JI, Karlsson J, Maffulli N: Terminology for Achilles tendon related disorders. Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2011; 19: 835–841. van Dijk CN van Sterkenburg MN Wiegerinck JI Karlsson J Maffulli N : Terminology for Achilles tendon related disorders . Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2011 ; 19 : 835 – 841 . 10.1007/s00167-010-1374-z Search in Google Scholar

7. Sussmilch-Leitch SP, Collins NJ, Bialocerkowski AE, Warden SJ, Crossley KM: Physical therapies for Achilles tendinopathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res 2012; 5: 15. Sussmilch-Leitch SP Collins NJ Bialocerkowski AE Warden SJ Crossley KM : Physical therapies for Achilles tendinopathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis . J Foot Ankle Res 2012 ; 5 : 15 . 10.1186/1757-1146-5-15 Search in Google Scholar

8. Johannsen F, Jensen S, Wetke E: 10-year follow-up after standardised treatment for Achilles tendinopathy. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4: e000415. Johannsen F Jensen S Wetke E : 10-year follow-up after standardised treatment for Achilles tendinopathy . BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018 ; 4 : 000415 . 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000415 Search in Google Scholar

9. Alfredson H: Chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: an update on research and treatment. Clin Sport Med 2003; 22: 727–741. Alfredson H : Chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: an update on research and treatment . Clin Sport Med 2003 ; 22 : 727 – 741 . 10.1016/S0278-5919(03)00010-3 Search in Google Scholar

10. Maffulli N, Longo UG, Denaro V: Novel approaches for the management of tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010; 92: 2604–2613. Maffulli N Longo UG Denaro V : Novel approaches for the management of tendinopathy . J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010 ; 92 : 2604 – 2613 . Search in Google Scholar

11. Chaudhry FA: Effectiveness of dry needling and high-volume image-guided injection in the management of chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy in adult population: a literature review. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2017; 27: 441–448. Chaudhry FA : Effectiveness of dry needling and high-volume image-guided injection in the management of chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy in adult population: a literature review . Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2017 ; 27 : 441 – 448 . 10.1007/s00590-017-1957-1540387528424882 Search in Google Scholar

12. Daftary A, Adler RS: Sonographic evaluation and ultrasound-guided therapy of the achilles tendon. Ultrasound Quart 2009; 25: 103–110. Daftary A Adler RS : Sonographic evaluation and ultrasound-guided therapy of the achilles tendon . Ultrasound Quart 2009 ; 25 : 103 – 110 . 10.1097/RUQ.0b013e3181b738a619730050 Search in Google Scholar

13. Klauser AS, Peetrons P: Developments in musculoskeletal ultrasound and clinical applications. Skeletal Radiol 2010; 39: 1061–1071. Klauser AS Peetrons P : Developments in musculoskeletal ultrasound and clinical applications . Skeletal Radiol 2010 ; 39 : 1061 – 1071 . 10.1007/s00256-009-0782-y19730857 Search in Google Scholar

14. Finlay K, Friedman L: Ultrasonography of the lower extremity. Orthop Clin North Am 2006; 37: 245–275. Finlay K Friedman L : Ultrasonography of the lower extremity . Orthop Clin North Am 2006 ; 37 : 245 – 275 . 10.1016/j.ocl.2006.03.00216846760 Search in Google Scholar

15. Fessell DP, Vanderschueren GM, Jacobson JA, Ceulemans RY, Prasad A, Craig JG et al.: US of the ankle: technique, anatomy, and diagnosis of pathologic conditions. Radiographics 1998; 18: 325–340. Fessell DP Vanderschueren GM Jacobson JA Ceulemans RY Prasad A Craig JG : US of the ankle: technique, anatomy, and diagnosis of pathologic conditions . Radiographics 1998 ; 18 : 325 – 340 . 10.1148/radiographics.18.2.95364819536481 Search in Google Scholar

16. Leung JLY, Griffith JF: Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a case-control study. J Clin Ultrasound 2007; 36: 27–32. Leung JLY Griffith JF : Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a case-control study . J Clin Ultrasound 2007 ; 36 : 27 – 32 . 10.1002/jcu.2038817721925 Search in Google Scholar

17. Prado-Costa R, Rebelo J, Monteiro-Barroso J, Preto AS: Ultrasound elastography: compression elastography and shear-wave elastography in the assessment of tendon injury. Insights Imaging 2018; 9: 791–814 Prado-Costa R Rebelo J Monteiro-Barroso J Preto AS : Ultrasound elastography: compression elastography and shear-wave elastography in the assessment of tendon injury . Insights Imaging 2018 ; 9 : 791 – 814 10.1007/s13244-018-0642-1620637930120723 Search in Google Scholar

18. Knobloch K, Kraemer R, Lichtenberg A, Jagodzinski M, Gossling T, Richter M et al.: Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation in midportion and insertional tendinopathy in athletes. Am J Sport Med 2006; 34: 92–97. Knobloch K Kraemer R Lichtenberg A Jagodzinski M Gossling T Richter M : Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation in midportion and insertional tendinopathy in athletes . Am J Sport Med 2006 ; 34 : 92 – 97 . 10.1177/036354650527870516219947 Search in Google Scholar

19. Newman JS, Adler RS, Bude RO, Rubin JM: Detection of soft-tissue hyperemia: value of power Doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994; 163: 385–389. Newman JS Adler RS Bude RO Rubin JM : Detection of soft-tissue hyperemia: value of power Doppler sonography . AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994 ; 163 : 385 – 389 . 10.2214/ajr.163.2.80370378037037 Search in Google Scholar

20. Ohberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H: Neovascularisation in Achilles tendons with painful tendinosis but not in normal tendons: an ultrasonographic investigation. Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2001; 9: 233–238. Ohberg L Lorentzon R Alfredson H : Neovascularisation in Achilles tendons with painful tendinosis but not in normal tendons: an ultrasonographic investigation . Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2001 ; 9 : 233 – 238 . 10.1007/s00167000018911522081 Search in Google Scholar

21. Zanetti M, Metzdorf A, Kundert HP, Zollinger H, Vienne P, Seifert B et al.: Achilles tendons: clinical relevance of neovascularization diagnosed with power Doppler US. Radiology 2003; 227: 556–560. Zanetti M Metzdorf A Kundert HP Zollinger H Vienne P Seifert B : Achilles tendons: clinical relevance of neovascularization diagnosed with power Doppler US . Radiology 2003 ; 227 : 556 – 560 . 10.1148/radiol.227201206912663820 Search in Google Scholar

22. Peers KHE, Brys PPM, Lysens RJJ: Correlation between power Doppler ultrasonography and clinical severity in Achilles tendinopathy. Int Orthop 2003; 27: 180–183. Peers KHE Brys PPM Lysens RJJ : Correlation between power Doppler ultrasonography and clinical severity in Achilles tendinopathy . Int Orthop 2003 ; 27 : 180 – 183 . 10.1007/s00264-002-0426-5345844012799763 Search in Google Scholar

23. Alfredson H, Ohberg L, Forsgren S: Is vasculo-neural ingrowth the cause of pain in chronic Achilles tendinosis? An investigation using ultrasonography and colour Doppler, immunohistochemistry, and diagnostic injections. Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2003; 11: 334–338. Alfredson H Ohberg L Forsgren S : Is vasculo-neural ingrowth the cause of pain in chronic Achilles tendinosis? An investigation using ultrasonography and colour Doppler, immunohistochemistry, and diagnostic injections . Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2003 ; 11 : 334 – 338 . 10.1007/s00167-003-0391-614520512 Search in Google Scholar

24. Andersson G, Danielson P, Alfredson H, Forsgren S: Nerve-related characteristics of ventral paratendinous tissue in chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2007; 15: 1272–1279. Andersson G Danielson P Alfredson H Forsgren S : Nerve-related characteristics of ventral paratendinous tissue in chronic Achilles tendinosis . Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2007 ; 15 : 1272 – 1279 . 10.1007/s00167-007-0364-217604979 Search in Google Scholar

25. Ohberg L, Alfredson H: Ultrasound guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis: pilot study of a new treatment. Br J Sport Med 2002; 36: 173–175. Ohberg L Alfredson H : Ultrasound guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis: pilot study of a new treatment . Br J Sport Med 2002 ; 36 : 173 – 175 . 10.1136/bjsm.36.3.173172450012055110 Search in Google Scholar

26. Alfredson H, Ohberg L: Sclerosing injections to areas of neo-vascularisation reduce pain in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2005; 13: 338–344. Alfredson H Ohberg L : Sclerosing injections to areas of neo-vascularisation reduce pain in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial . Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 2005 ; 13 : 338 – 344 . 10.1007/s00167-004-0585-615688235 Search in Google Scholar

27. Wijesekera NT, Chew NS, Lee JC, Mitchell AW, Calder JD, Healy JC: Ultrasound-guided treatments for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: an update and current status. Skelet Radiol 2010; 39: 425–434. Wijesekera NT Chew NS Lee JC Mitchell AW Calder JD Healy JC : Ultrasound-guided treatments for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: an update and current status . Skelet Radiol 2010 ; 39 : 425 – 434 . 10.1007/s00256-009-0873-920119832 Search in Google Scholar

28. Chan O, O’Dowd D, Padhiar N, Morrissey D, King J, Jalan R et al.: High volume image guided injections in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Disabil Rehabil 2008; 30: 1697–1708. Chan O O’Dowd D Padhiar N Morrissey D King J Jalan R : High volume image guided injections in chronic Achilles tendinopathy . Disabil Rehabil 2008 ; 30 : 1697 – 1708 . 10.1080/0963828070178822518608362 Search in Google Scholar

29. Humphrey J, Chan O, Crisp T, Padhiar N, Morrissey D, Twycross-Lewis R et al.: The short-term effects of high volume image guided injections in resistant non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy. J Sci Med Sport 2010; 13: 295–298. Humphrey J Chan O Crisp T Padhiar N Morrissey D Twycross-Lewis R : The short-term effects of high volume image guided injections in resistant non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy . J Sci Med Sport 2010 ; 13 : 295 – 298 . 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.09.00719944642 Search in Google Scholar

30. Resteghini P, Yeoh J: High-volume injection in the management of recalcitrant mid-body Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective case series assessing the influence of neovascularity and outcome. Int Musculoskelet Med 2012; 34: 92–100. Resteghini P Yeoh J : High-volume injection in the management of recalcitrant mid-body Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective case series assessing the influence of neovascularity and outcome . Int Musculoskelet Med 2012 ; 34 : 92 – 100 . 10.1179/1753615412Y.0000000004 Search in Google Scholar

31. Maffulli N, Spiezia F, Longo UG, Denaro V, Maffulli GD: High volume image guided injections for the management of chronic tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon. Phys Ther Sport 2013; 14: 163–167. Maffulli N Spiezia F Longo UG Denaro V Maffulli GD : High volume image guided injections for the management of chronic tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon . Phys Ther Sport 2013 ; 14 : 163 – 167 . 10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.07.00223131435 Search in Google Scholar

32. Wheeler PC: The use of high-volume image-guided injections (HVIGI) for Achilles tendinopathy – a case series and pilot study. Int Musculoskelet Med 2014; 36: 96–103. Wheeler PC : The use of high-volume image-guided injections (HVIGI) for Achilles tendinopathy – a case series and pilot study . Int Musculoskelet Med 2014 ; 36 : 96 – 103 . 10.1179/1753615414Y.0000000035 Search in Google Scholar

33. Wheeler PC, Mahadevan D, Bhatt R, Bhatia M: A comparison of two different high-volume image-guided injection procedures for patients with chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy: a pragmatic retrospective cohort study. J Foot Ankle Surg 2016; 55: 976–979. Wheeler PC Mahadevan D Bhatt R Bhatia M : A comparison of two different high-volume image-guided injection procedures for patients with chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy: a pragmatic retrospective cohort study . J Foot Ankle Surg 2016 ; 55 : 976 – 979 . 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.04.017 Search in Google Scholar

34. Boesen AP, Hansen R, Boesen MI, Malliaras P, Langberg H.: Effect of high-volume injection, platelet-rich plasma, and sham treatment in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized double-blinded prospective study. Am J Sport Med 2017; 45: 2034–2043. Boesen AP Hansen R Boesen MI Malliaras P Langberg H .: Effect of high-volume injection, platelet-rich plasma, and sham treatment in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized double-blinded prospective study . Am J Sport Med 2017 ; 45 : 2034 – 2043 . 10.1177/0363546517702862 Search in Google Scholar

35. Boesen AP, Langberg H, Hansen R, Malliaras P, Boesen MI: High volume injection with and without corticosteroid in chronic midportion achilles tendinopathy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29: 1223–1231. Boesen AP Langberg H Hansen R Malliaras P Boesen MI : High volume injection with and without corticosteroid in chronic midportion achilles tendinopathy . Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019 ; 29 : 1223 – 1231 . 10.1111/sms.13450 Search in Google Scholar

36. Nielsen TG, Miller LL, Mygind-Klavsen B, Lind M: High-volume image-guided injection in the chronic recalcitrant non-insertional patellar tendinopathy: a retrospective case series. J Exp Orthop 2020; 7: 80. Nielsen TG Miller LL Mygind-Klavsen B Lind M : High-volume image-guided injection in the chronic recalcitrant non-insertional patellar tendinopathy: a retrospective case series . J Exp Orthop 2020 ; 7 : 80 . 10.1186/s40634-020-00299-7 Search in Google Scholar

37. Edwards S, Sivan M: High volume distension injection (HVDI) for chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: A service evaluation of clinical outcomes. J Orthop Trauma Rehab 2020: 221049172097932. Edwards S Sivan M : High volume distension injection (HVDI) for chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: A service evaluation of clinical outcomes . J Orthop Trauma Rehab 2020 : 221049172097932 . 10.1177/2210491720979321 Search in Google Scholar

38. Haefeli M, Elfering A: Pain assessment. Eur Spine J 2006; 15 (Suppl 1): S17–24. Haefeli M Elfering A : Pain assessment . Eur Spine J 2006 ; 15 ( Suppl 1 ): S17 – 24 . 10.1007/s00586-005-1044-x Search in Google Scholar

39. Iversen JV, Bartels EM, Langberg H: The victorian institute of sports assessment – achilles questionnaire (visa-a) – a reliable tool for measuring achilles tendinopathy. Int J Sport Phys Ther 2012; 7: 76–84. Iversen JV Bartels EM Langberg H : The victorian institute of sports assessment – achilles questionnaire (visa-a) – a reliable tool for measuring achilles tendinopathy . Int J Sport Phys Ther 2012 ; 7 : 76 – 84 . Search in Google Scholar

40. MacMahon PJ, Eustace SJ, Kavanagh EC: Injectable corticosteroid and local anesthetic preparations: a review for radiologists. Radiology 2009; 252: 647–661. MacMahon PJ Eustace SJ Kavanagh EC : Injectable corticosteroid and local anesthetic preparations: a review for radiologists . Radiology 2009 ; 252 : 647 – 661 . 10.1148/radiol.2523081929 Search in Google Scholar

41. Shah A, Mak D, Davies AM, James SL, Botchu R: Musculoskeletal corticosteroid administration: current concepts. Can Assoc Radiol J 2019; 70: 29–36. Shah A Mak D Davies AM James SL Botchu R : Musculoskeletal corticosteroid administration: current concepts . Can Assoc Radiol J 2019 ; 70 : 29 – 36 . 10.1016/j.carj.2018.11.002 Search in Google Scholar

42. Thumboo J, O’Duffy JD: A prospective study of the safety of joint and soft tissue aspirations and injections in patients taking warfarin sodium. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 736–739. Thumboo J O’Duffy JD : A prospective study of the safety of joint and soft tissue aspirations and injections in patients taking warfarin sodium . Arthritis Rheum 1998 ; 41 : 736 – 739 . 10.1002/1529-0131(199804)41:4<736::AID-ART23>3.0.CO;2-P Search in Google Scholar

43. Dong Q, Fessell DP: Achilles tendon ultrasound technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 193: W173. Dong Q Fessell DP : Achilles tendon ultrasound technique . AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009 ; 193 : W173 . 10.2214/AJR.09.311119696253 Search in Google Scholar

44. Yablon CM: Ultrasound-guided interventions of the foot and ankle. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2013; 17: 60–68. Yablon CM : Ultrasound-guided interventions of the foot and ankle . Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2013 ; 17 : 60 – 68 . 10.1055/s-0033-133391623487336 Search in Google Scholar

45. Lento PH, Strakowski JA: The use of ultrasound in guiding musculoskeletal interventional procedures. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 2010; 21: 559–583. Lento PH Strakowski JA : The use of ultrasound in guiding musculoskeletal interventional procedures . Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 2010 ; 21 : 559 – 583 . 10.1016/j.pmr.2010.04.00420797550 Search in Google Scholar

46. Kammar H, Carmont MR, Kots E, Laver L, Mann G, Nyska M et al.: Anatomy of the sural nerve and its relation to the achilles tendon by ultrasound examination. Orthopedics 2014; 37: 298–301. Kammar H Carmont MR Kots E Laver L Mann G Nyska M : Anatomy of the sural nerve and its relation to the achilles tendon by ultrasound examination . Orthopedics 2014 ; 37 : 298 – 301 . 10.3928/01477447-20140225-6424762159 Search in Google Scholar

47. Adler RS, Sofka CM: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided injections in the musculoskeletal system. Ultrasound Quart 2003; 19: 3–12. Adler RS Sofka CM : Percutaneous ultrasound-guided injections in the musculoskeletal system . Ultrasound Quart 2003 ; 19 : 3 – 12 . 10.1097/00013644-200303000-0000212970612 Search in Google Scholar

48. O’Neill S, Watson PJ, Barry S: Why are eccentric exercises effective for Achilles tendinopathy? Int J Sport Phys Ther 2015; 10: 552–562. O’Neill S Watson PJ Barry S : Why are eccentric exercises effective for Achilles tendinopathy? Int J Sport Phys Ther 2015 ; 10 : 552 – 562 . Search in Google Scholar

49. Wijesekera NT, Chew NS, Lee JC, Mitchell AW, Calder JD, Healy JC: Ultrasound-guided treatments for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: an update and current status. Skeletal Radiol 2010; 39: 425–434. Wijesekera NT Chew NS Lee JC Mitchell AW Calder JD Healy JC : Ultrasound-guided treatments for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: an update and current status . Skeletal Radiol 2010 ; 39 : 425 – 434 . 10.1007/s00256-009-0873-920119832 Search in Google Scholar

50. Maxwell NJ, Ryan MB, Taunton JE, Gillies JH, Wong AD: Sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose to treat chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon: a pilot study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 189: W215–220. Maxwell NJ Ryan MB Taunton JE Gillies JH Wong AD : Sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose to treat chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon: a pilot study . AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007 ; 189 : W215 – 220 . 10.2214/AJR.06.115817885034 Search in Google Scholar