Socio-Medical Aspects of Depression Among Elderly Adults in Serbia
, , , , , und | 31. Dez. 2019
Über diesen Artikel
Article Category: Original Scientific Article
Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2019
Seitenbereich: 327 - 335
Eingereicht: 07. Nov. 2017
Akzeptiert: 16. Nov. 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2017-0065
Schlüsselwörter
© 2019 Svetlana Radevic et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the depression depending on demographics and socioeconomic characteristics
| Univariate model | Multivariate model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p | OR(95%CI) | p | |
| male | 1 | 1 | ||
| female | 2.161 (1.847–2.530) | < 0,001 | 1.678 (1.395–2.018) | < 0,001 |
| 65–74 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 75–84 | 1.539 (1.319–1.796) | < 0,001 | 1.373 (1.164–1.621) | < 0,001 |
| 85+ | 2.250 (1.665–3.041) | < 0,001 | 1.728 (1.250–2.389) | < 0,001 |
| married / common-law marriage | 1 | 1 | ||
| never married / common-law marriage | 2.24 (1.204–4.165) | < 0,001 | 2.023 (1.056–3.879) | 0.034 |
| widower / widow | 1.751(1.503–2.039) | < 0,001 | 1.287 (1.077–1.538) | 0.006 |
| divorced | 1.462 (0.954–2.240) | < 0,001 | 1.433 (0.916–2.239) | 0.115 |
| city | 1 | 1 | ||
| other | 1.690 (1.457–1.961) | < 0,001 | 1.255 (1.045–1.506) | 0.015 |
| high and senior high school | 1 | 1 | ||
| high school | 1.616 (1.197–2.181) | < 0,001 | 1.366 (1.002–1.862) | 0.048 |
| primary school and lower | 3.456 (2.619–4.562) | < 0,001 | 1.886 (1.379–2.580) | < 0,001 |
| rich class | 1 | |||
| middle class | 1.684 (1.315–2.155) | < 0,0005 | 1.433 (1.105–1.858) | 0.07 |
| poor class | 2.413 (1.986–2.932) | < 0,0005 | 1.607 (1.272–2.033) | < 0,001 |
| strong | 1 | 1 | ||
| moderate | 1.725 (1.215–2.541) | 1.523(1.051–2.264) | < 0,001 | |
| poor | 3.749 (2.428–5.845) | 3.045 (1.984–4.829) | < 0,001 | |
Prevalence of depression in the population aged 65 and over by gender
| 0–4 (none depressive) | 1330 | 66.1 | 1235 | 80.8 | 2656 | 72.5 | <0.001 |
| 5–9 (mild depresive) | 427 | 21.2 | 194 | 12.7 | 621 | 17.5 | |
| 10–24 (depressive episode) | 255 | 12.7 | 99 | 6.5 | 354 | 10.0 | |
| 10–14 (moderate) | 149 | 7.4 | 56 | 3.7 | 205 | 5.8 | |
| 15–19 (moderately severe) | 65 | 3.2 | 28 | 1.8 | 93 | 2.6 | |
| 20–24 (severe) | 41 | 2.1 | 15 | 1.0 | 56 | 1.6 | |
| Average value of score | 2.6 | 4.1 | 3.5 | <0.001 | |||
Prevalence of depression and health status of the respondents
| PHQ-8 scor | No symptoms of depression | Moderate symptoms of depression | Depressive episode | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| good | 747 | 94.6 | 40 | 5.1 | 3 | 0.4 | <0.001 |
| moderate | 1123 | 84.2 | 168 | 12.6 | 43 | 3.2 | |
| poor | 695 | 49.1 | 413 | 29.2 | 308 | 21.8 | |
| no limitations | 1843 | 88.9 | 196 | 9.5 | 35 | 1.7 | <0.001 |
| limited, but not serious | 603 | 55.9 | 335 | 31.1 | 140 | 13.0 | |
| seriously limited | 42 | 36.8 | 30 | 26.3 | 42 | 36.8 | |
| didn’t have a pain | 1079 | 90.7 | 84 | 7.1 | 26 | 2.2 | <0.001 |
| weak pain moderate pain | 546 578 | 79.5 22.5 | 105 216 | 15.3 34.8 | 36 73 | 5.2 20.6 | |
| strong and very strong pain | 362 | 45.4 | 216 | 27.1 | 219 | 27.5 | |
| not at all | 214 | 87 | 25 | 10.2 | 7 | 2.8 | <0.001 |
| lightly and moderate | 980 | 71.2 | 306 | 22.2 | 90 | 6.5 | |
| high and very high | 292 | 40.1 | 206 | 28.3 | 231 | 31.7 | |
| no chronic diseases | 390 | 93.3 | 20 | 4.8 | 8 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| have one chronic disease | 601 | 89.7 | 51 | 7.6 | 18 | 2.7 | |
| have two or more chronic diseases | 1574 | 64.2 | 550 | 22.4 | 328 | 13.4 | |
Prevalence of depression and demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents
| PHQ-8 scor | No symptoms of depression | Moderate symptoms of depression | Depressive episode | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| 65–74 | 1501 | 76.8 | 315 | 16.1 | 139 | 7.1 | <0.001 |
| 75–84 | 945 | 68.2 | 271 | 19.6 | 169 | 12.2 | |
| 85+ | 119 | 59.5 | 35 | 17.5 | 46 | 23.0 | |
| Single | 26 | 60.5 | 9 | 20.9 | 8 | 18.6 | <0.001 |
| Married | 1521 | 72.4 | 309 | 15.7 | 135 | 6.9 | |
| Widowed | 943 | 66.2 | 284 | 19.9 | 198 | 13.9 | |
| Separated/Divorced | 75 | 70.1 | 19 | 17.8 | 13 | 12.1 | |
| Elementary school or lower | 1269 | 64.9 | 425 | 21.7 | 262 | 13.4 | <0.001 |
| Middle school | 881 | 79.8 | 154 | 13.9 | 69 | 6.3 | |
| High school/College or higher | 415 | 86.5 | 42 | 8.8 | 23 | 4.8 | |
| employed | 229 | 59.8 | 105 | 27.4 | 49 | 12.8 | <0.001 |
| unemployed | 68 | 67.3 | 16 | 15.8 | 17 | 16.8 | |
| inactive | 2268 | 74.2 | 500 | 16.4 | 288 | 9.4 | |
| Poor class | 1321 | 66.9 | 409 | 20.7 | 245 | 12.4 | <0.001 |
| Middle class | 469 | 74.3 | 104 | 16.5 | 58 | 9.2 | |
| Rich class | 757 | 83 | 108 | 11.6 | 51 | 5.5 | |
| Urban | 1471 | 77.3 | 283 | 14.9 | 149 | 7.8 | <0.001 |
| Rural | 1094 | 66.8 | 338 | 20.6 | 205 | 12.5 | |
| strong | 25 | 80.6 | 3 | 9.7 | 3 | 9.7 | <0.001 |
| moderate | 291 | 61.8 | 96 | 20.4 | 84 | 17.8 | |
| poor | 1849 | 60.8 | 522 | 18.2 | 667 | 21.9 | |
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the depression depending on health caracteristics
| Univariate model | Multivariate model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p | OR(95%CI) | p | |
| good | 1 | 1 | ||
| average | 3.264 (2.322–4.589) | < 0,001 | 1.561 (1.010–2.411) | 0.045 |
| poor | 18.022 (13.027–24.932) | < 0,001 | 3.495 (2.276–5.365) | < 0,001 |
| no limitations | 1 | 1 | ||
| limited, but not serious | 6.285 (5.238–7.540) | < 0,001 | 2.995 (2.389–3.756) | < 0,001 |
| seriously limited | 13.867 (9.268–20.760) | < 0,001 | 6.846 (4.047–11.582) | < 0,001 |
| no chronic diseases | 1 | |||
| have one chronic disease | 1.599 (1.012–2.526) | 0.449 | 1.499 (0.743–3.026) | 0.258 |
| have two or more chronic diseases | 7.770 (5.249–11.501) | < 0,001 | 3.109 (1.640–5.891) | 0.001 |
| didn’t have a pain | 1 | |||
| weak / moderate pain | 3.756 (2.995–4.702) | < 0,001 | 1.276 (0.957–1.700) | 0.046 |
| strong and very strong pain | 11.787 (9.266–14.995) | < 0,001 | 3.710(1.619–5.826) | 0.001 |
| not at all | 1 | 1 | ||
| lightly and moderate | 2.702 (1.831–3.989) | < 0,001 | 1.614 (0.978–2.663) | 0.061 |
| high and very high | 10.008 (6.709–14.930) | < 0,001 | 1.319 (0.863–2.015) | 0.201 |