Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: A Brief Review

1. TUMGOR G. Cirrhosis and hepatopulmonary syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20(10):2586-94.10.3748/wjg.v20.i10.2586394926724627594Search in Google Scholar

2. RAEVENS S., GEERTS A., STEENKISTE CV., VERHELST X., VLIERBERGHE HV., COLLE I. Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: recent knowledge in pathogenesis and overview of clinical assessment. Liver Int. 2015:1478-3223.10.1111/liv.1279125627425Search in Google Scholar

3. FRITZ JS., FALLON MB., KAWUT SM. Pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 2013; 187:133-43.10.1164/rccm.201209-1583CI357065723155142Search in Google Scholar

4. FALLON MB., ZHAN GJ. The lung in liver disease: old problem, new concepts. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2013; 124: 250-62.Search in Google Scholar

5. SHAH R., MOUS AO., JOHN S. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: a rare diagnosis or missed entity. Q J Med. 2014; 107:565-66.10.1093/qjmed/hcu00324440926Search in Google Scholar

6. GRACE JA., ANGUS PW. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: update on recent advances in pathophysiology, investigation, and treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013; 28:213-910.1111/jgh.1206123190201Search in Google Scholar

7. KIM BJ., LEE SC., PARK SW., CHOI MS., KOH KC., PAIK SW., et al. Characteristics and prevalence of intrapulmonary shunt detected by contrast echocardiography with harmonic imaging in liver transplant candidates. Am J Cardiol. 2004; 94:525-8.10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.04.07415325947Search in Google Scholar

8. ZHANG J., FALLON MB. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: update on pathogenesis and clinical features. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012; 9(9):539-49.10.1038/nrgastro.2012.12322751459Search in Google Scholar

9. FENG G., RONG H. The role of hemodynamic and vasoactive substances on hepatopulmonary syndrome. 2014; 18:380-86.Search in Google Scholar

10. KOCH DG., BOGATKEVICH G., RAMSHESH V., LEMASTERS JJ., UFLACKER R., REUBEN A. Elevated levels of endothelin-1 in hepatic venous blood are associated with intrapulmonary vasodilatation in humans. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:516-23.10.1007/s10620-011-1905-6454786221964742Search in Google Scholar

11. THENAPPAN T., GOEL A., MARSBOOM G., FANG YH., TOTH PT., ZHANG HJ., et al. A central role for CD68(+) macrophages in hepatopulmonary syndrome reversal by macrophage depletion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 183:1080-91.10.1164/rccm.201008-1303OC308674521148721Search in Google Scholar

12. ROBERTS KE., KAWUTS M., KROWKA MJ., BROWN RS., TROTTER JF., SHAH V., et al. Genetic risk factors for hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2010; 139:130-9.10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.044290826120346360Search in Google Scholar

13. MELO-SILVA CA., GAIOE., TREVIZOLI JE., SOUZA CS., GONCALVES AS., SOUSA GC., et al. Respiratory mechanics and lung tissue remodeling in a hepatopulmonary syndrome rat model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2011; 179:326-33.10.1016/j.resp.2011.10.00122005255Search in Google Scholar

14. NACIF LS., ANDRAUS W., PINHEIRO RS., DUCATTI L., HADDAD LBP., D’ ALBUQUERQUE LC. The hepatopulmonary syndrome. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2014; 27(2):145-7.10.1590/S0102-67202014000200012Search in Google Scholar

15. MACHICAO VI., FALLON MB. Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2012; 33(1):11-6.10.1055/s-0032-130173022447256Search in Google Scholar

16. SILVERIO AO., GUIMARAES DC., ELIAS LFQ., MILANEZ EO., NAVES S. Are the spider angiomas skin markers of hepatopulmonary syndrome? Arq Gastroenterol. 2013;50(3):175-178.10.1590/S0004-2803201300020003124322187Search in Google Scholar

17. LV Y., FAN D. Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2015 Jul; 60(7):1914-23.10.1007/s10620-015-3593-025732713Search in Google Scholar

18. KHABBAZA JE., KRASUSKI RA., TONELLI AR. Intrapulmonary shunt confirmed by intracardiac echocardiography in the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Hepatology. 2013 October; 58(4):1514-15.10.1002/hep.26482409629023696309Search in Google Scholar

19. KROWKA MJ. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: monitoring at your fingertip. Dig Dis Sci. 2011Jun; 56(6):1599-600.10.1007/s10620-011-1675-121448697Search in Google Scholar

20. SUCEVEANU AI., MAZILU L., TOMESCO D., CIUFU N., PAREPA IR., SUCEVEANU AP. Screening of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) with CEUS and pulse-oximetry in liver cirrhosis patients eligible for liver transplant. Chirurgia. 2013; 108(5): 684-688.Search in Google Scholar

21. SILVA HM., REIAS G., GUEDES M., CLETO E., VIZCAINO JR., GENNERY AR., et al. A case of hepatopulmonary syndrome solved by mycophenolate mofetil (an inhibitor of angiogenesis and nitric oxide production). J Hepatol. 2013; 58:630-33.10.1016/j.jhep.2012.10.02123104163Search in Google Scholar

22. ESRAGHIAN A., KAMYAB AA., KEW-YOON S. Pharmacological treatment for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Biomed Res Int. 2013.10.1155/2013/670139378653624102057Search in Google Scholar

23. WALLACE MC., JAMES AL., MARSHALL M., KONTORINIS N. Resolution of severe hepatopulmonary syndrome following transjugular portosystemic shunt procedure. BMJ Case Reports. 2012.10.1136/bcr.02.2012.5811454315822669921Search in Google Scholar

24. ENACHE I., OSWALD-MAMMOSSER M., WOEHL-JAEGLE ML., HABERSETZER F., DI MARCO P., CHARLOUX A., et al. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopulmonary syndrome: prevalence and prognosis in a series of patients. Respir Med. 2013; 107:1030-36.10.1016/j.rmed.2013.03.010Search in Google Scholar

25. GUPTA S., CASTEL H., RAO RV., PICARD M., LILLY L., FAUGHNAN ME., et al. Improved survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Transplant. 2010; 10:354-63.10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02822.xSearch in Google Scholar

26. PASCASIO JM., GRILO I., LOPEZ-PARDO FJ., ORTEGA-RUIZ., TIRADO JL., SOUSA JM. Prevalence and severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome and its influence on survival in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation. Am J Tranpl. 2014; 14: 1391-99.10.1111/ajt.12713Search in Google Scholar

27. YUICHI C., EGAWA H., TSUBOI T., OGA T. HONDA T., YAMAMOTO K., et al. Immediate noninvasive ventilation may improve mortality in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2011; 17:144-48.10.1002/lt.22207Search in Google Scholar

28. MONSEL A., MAL H., BRISSON H., LUO R., EYRAUD D., VEZINET C., et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to liver transplantation for acute respiratory distress syndrome-induced life threatening hypoxemia aggravated by hepatopulmonary syndrome. Crit Car. 2011; 15: R234.10.1186/cc10476Search in Google Scholar

29. AUZINGER G., WILLARS C., LOVERIDGE R., BEST T., VERCUEIL A., PRACHALIAS A., et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory hypoxemia after liver transplantation in severe hepatopulmonary syndrome: a solution with pitfalls. Liver Transpl. 2014; 20:1141-1144.10.1002/lt.23926Search in Google Scholar

30. GOLDBERG DS., KROK K., BATRA S., TROTTER JF., KAWUT SM., FALLON MB. Impact of the hepatopulmonary syndrome MELD exception policy on outcomes of patients after liver transplantation: an analysis of UNOS database. Gastroenterology. 2014 May; 146(5) 1256-65.10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.005Search in Google Scholar

31. AGUILAR MP., GALLEGOS-OROZCO JF. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: is it time to redefine the MELD exception score for better organ allocation and outcomes? Ann Hepatol. 2014; 13(4):468-70.10.1016/S1665-2681(19)30857-9Search in Google Scholar

32. NAYYAR D., MAN HSJ., GRANTON J., GUPTA S. Defining and characterizing severe hypoxemia after liver transplantation in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Liver Transpl. 2014; 20(2): 182-9010.1002/lt.2377624142412Search in Google Scholar