Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Microphytobenthos as an indicator of water quality and organic pollution in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov

Sophia Barinova
Sophia Barinova
, 
Anna Bondarenko
Anna Bondarenko
, 
Larisa Ryabushko
Larisa Ryabushko
 und 
Sergey Kapranov
Sergey Kapranov
   | 03. Juni 2019
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Article Category: Original research paper
Online veröffentlicht: 03. Juni 2019
Seitenbereich: 125 - 139
Eingereicht: 07. Nov. 2018
Akzeptiert: 11. Jan. 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2019-0013
© 2019 Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Sampling areas in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Red dots denote the sampling sites where information for mapping was accumulated, and black dots denote other sampling sites. (I) Sivash Gulf, (II) the Kerch Strait and (III) Kazantip Cape
Sampling areas in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Red dots denote the sampling sites where information for mapping was accumulated, and black dots denote other sampling sites. (I) Sivash Gulf, (II) the Kerch Strait and (III) Kazantip Cape

Figure 2

Coastal zone of Sivash Gulf (a) and sandy coast of Cape Kazantip (b). Microphytobenthos habitats in the Kazantip Natural Reserve: submerged stones (c) and shell fouling (d)
Coastal zone of Sivash Gulf (a) and sandy coast of Cape Kazantip (b). Microphytobenthos habitats in the Kazantip Natural Reserve: submerged stones (c) and shell fouling (d)

Figure 3

Some indicator species from the western coast of the Sea of Azov: Diatoma tenuis (a), D. vulgaris (b), Merismopedia glauca (c), Melosira lineata (d), Gyrosigma wansbeckii (e), Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (f), Achnanthes brevipes (g), (Scale bar: 10 μm
Some indicator species from the western coast of the Sea of Azov: Diatoma tenuis (a), D. vulgaris (b), Merismopedia glauca (c), Melosira lineata (d), Gyrosigma wansbeckii (e), Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (f), Achnanthes brevipes (g), (Scale bar: 10 μm

Figure 4

Percentage distribution of species indicators of natural habitat preferences and water temperature over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.
Percentage distribution of species indicators of natural habitat preferences and water temperature over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.

Figure 5

Percentage distribution of water oxygenation and pH indicators over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.
Percentage distribution of water oxygenation and pH indicators over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.

Figure 6

Percentage distribution of salinity and Watanabe organic pollution indicators over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.
Percentage distribution of salinity and Watanabe organic pollution indicators over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.

Figure 7

Percentage distribution of saprobity indicators related to the water quality classes over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov with EU color codes
Percentage distribution of saprobity indicators related to the water quality classes over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov with EU color codes

Figure 8

Percentage distribution of species indicators of the trophic state and the type of algae nutrition over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.
Percentage distribution of species indicators of the trophic state and the type of algae nutrition over different substrates and regions under study in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.

Figure 9

Statistically generated maps of water flow and oxygen saturation indicators (a – standing water inhabitants, b– aerophilic species) and substrate preferences (c– planktic, d– benthic species) in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.
Statistically generated maps of water flow and oxygen saturation indicators (a – standing water inhabitants, b– aerophilic species) and substrate preferences (c– planktic, d– benthic species) in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.

Figure 10

Statistically generated maps of water temperature indicators (a – eurythermic, b– cold water) and water pH indicators (c – indifferents, d – polyhalobes) in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.
Statistically generated maps of water temperature indicators (a – eurythermic, b– cold water) and water pH indicators (c – indifferents, d – polyhalobes) in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.

Figure 11

Statistically generated maps of organic trophic state indicators (a – oligotraphents, b– eutraphents) and indicators of algae nutrition types (c – autotrophs, d– heterotrophs) in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.
Statistically generated maps of organic trophic state indicators (a – oligotraphents, b– eutraphents) and indicators of algae nutrition types (c – autotrophs, d– heterotrophs) in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.

Figure 12

Statistically generated maps of organic pollution indicators: according to Watanabe (a – saproxenes, b– saprophiles), and according to Sládeček (c – Class 1, d– Class 4) in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.
Statistically generated maps of organic pollution indicators: according to Watanabe (a – saproxenes, b– saprophiles), and according to Sládeček (c – Class 1, d– Class 4) in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. Abbreviations of the ecological groups are as in Table 1.

Distribution of microalgae species indicators on different types of substrate and in different study areas in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov

Taxa EP EL SE Siv Ker Kaz Hab T Oxy pH Hal D Sap S Tro Aut-Het
Cyanobacteria
Aphanocapsa incerta (Lemmermann) G.Cronberg &Komárek 1 0 0 0 0 1 B-P – – – i – b 2.2 me –
Aphanothece stagnina (Sprengel) A.Braun 1 1 1 1 0 1 B-P – – ind hl – b-a 2.4 me –
Chamaecalyx swirenkoi (Sirsov) Komárek & Anagnostidis 0 1 1 1 0 1 Ep – – – – – – – – –
Chroococcus limneticus Lemmermann 1 0 0 0 1 1 P – – – – – – – o-m –
Leptolyngbya foveolara (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek 1 0 0 0 0 1 B, S – aer – – – b-a 2.4 – –
Leptolyngbya fragilis (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek 1 0 1 1 0 0 B, S warm – – ph – b-o 1.7 – –
Lyngbya aestuarii Liebman ex Gomont 1 0 0 1 0 0 B-P, S – – – mh – o 1.3 – –
Lyngbya lutea Gomont ex Gomont 0 0 0 0 1 0 B-P – – – mh – – – – –
Lyngbya semiplena J.Agardh ex Gomont 1 0 0 1 0 0 B, S – – – ph – – – – –
Merismopedia glauca (Ehrenberg) Kützing 0 0 1 1 0 0 B-P – – ind i – b-o 1.75 o-m –
Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing 1 1 1 0 0 1 P – – – hl – b 2.1 e -
Microcystis pulverea (H.C.Wood) Forti 1 0 1 0 0 1 B-P, S – – – i – o-b 1.5 – –
Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek ex Komárek 1 0 1 0 1 1 P – – – – – o-a 1.9 e –
Nodularia harveyana Thuret ex Bornet & Flahault 1 0 0 0 0 1 B, S – – – mh – o 1.2 – –
Oscillatoria nitida Schkorbatov 1 0 0 0 0 1 P – st-str – i – – – – –
Phormidium breve (Kützing ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek 1 0 0 1 0 0 B-P S – st,aer – – – a 3.1 – –
Phormidium puteale (Montagne ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek 0 1 0 0 0 1 B, S – st-str – – – – – – –
Pleurocapsa minor Hansgirg 0 1 0 0 1 0 B – st-str – – – x-b 0.9 o –
Spirulina tenuissima Kützing 1 0 1 1 0 1 B – st-str – – – o-b 1.4 – –
Bacillariophyta
Achnanthes brevipes C.Agardh var. brevipes 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – – alf hl – b 2.0 me –
Achnanthes brevipes var. intermedia (Kützing) Cleve 0 1 1 0 1 0 B – st – mh – – – – –
Achnanthes longipes C.Agardh 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – – – hl – – – – –
Amphora commutata Grunow in Van Heurck 1 0 0 1 0 0 B – – – mh – – – e –
Amphora delicatissima Krasske 1 1 0 0 0 1 B – – – mh – – – – –
Amphora ovalis (Kützing) Kützing 0 0 1 1 0 1 B temp st-str alf i sx o-b 1.5 me ate
Bacillaria paxillifera (O.F.Müller) T.Marsson 1 1 1 0 1 1 B-P – – ind hl es b 2.3 me ate
Berkeleya rutilans (Trentepohl ex Roth) Grunow 1 1 1 0 1 1 B – – alf hl – – – – –
Cocconeis costata Gregory 1 1 1 0 1 1 B – – alf hl – b 2.0 – –
Cocconeis disculus (Schumann) Cleve 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – st alf i es o-x 0.7 me –
Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg 1 0 0 1 0 0 B – st-str alf i sx o-a 1.8 me ate
Cocconeis placentula var. intermedia (Héribaud-Joseph & M.Peragallo) Cleve 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – st-str alf i – o-b 1.4 ot ate
Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – – alf hl – b 2.0 me –
Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs ex Kützing) D.M.Williams & Round 0 0 1 0 1 0 B-P – st-str alf i – b 2.3 o-m ate
Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J.C.Lewin 1 1 0 0 1 1 B – – alf I – b 2.0 – –
Diatoma tenuis C.Agardh 1 1 0 0 0 1 B-P – st-str ind hl sx o 1.3 e ate
Diatoma vulgaris Bory 1 0 0 0 0 1 B-P – st-str ind i sx b 2.2 me ate
Diploneis didyma (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg 0 0 1 0 0 1 B – – – mh – b 2.0 – –
Entomoneis alata (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg 0 0 1 1 0 0 B-P – st alf mh – b 2.0 – –
Entomoneis paludosa (W.Smith) Reimer 1 1 1 0 1 1 B-P – – alf hl – b-a 2.5 m –
Fallacia pygmaea (Kützing) A.J.Stickle & D.G.Mann 0 1 0 0 1 0 B-P – st-str alf mh es a-o 2.7 e hne
Fragilaria capucina Desmazières 1 1 1 0 1 1 B-P – – ind i es b-o 1.6 m –
Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton 1 0 0 0 1 1 P – st-str alf I es o-b 1.5 m ate
Fragilariforma virescens (Ralfs) D.M.Williams & Round 1 1 1 0 1 1 B-P – st ind i es x-o 0.4 o-m ats
Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst 1 0 1 1 0 1 B – – – – es – – – –
Gyrosigma balticum (Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst 1 0 1 1 0 0 B – – – hl – – – e –
Gyrosigma fasciola (Ehrenberg) J.W.Griffith & Henfrey 0 0 1 1 0 0 B – – alf mh – o 1.0 – –
Gyrosigma scalproides (Rabenhorst) Cleve 1 0 1 1 0 1 B – – alf i es b 2.2 – –
Gyrosigma wansbeckii (Donkin) Cleve 0 0 1 1 0 0 B – st-str alf mh es b 2.0 e –
Halamphora acutiuscula (Kützing) Levkov 1 1 1 0 1 1 B-P warm – alf mh sp b 2.0 – –
Halamphora coffeiformis (C.Agardh) Levkov 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – st-str alf mh – a 3.0 e ate
Haslea spicula (Hickie) L.Bukhtiyarova 0 1 0 0 0 1 B-P – – – mh – – – – –
Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witkowski 0 1 1 0 0 1 B temp st-str alf hl es b 2.1 me ate
Hyalodiscus scoticus (Kützing) Grunow 1 0 0 0 1 0 – – – alf i – b 2.0 – –
Mastogloia smithii Thwaites ex W.Smith 1 0 1 1 0 1 B – – alf mh sx o 1.3 me –
Melosira lineata (Dillwyn) C.Agardh 1 0 0 0 1 0 B-P cool – alf mh es o-a 1.8 e ats
Melosira moniliformis (O.F.Müller) C.Agardh var. moniliformis 1 1 1 1 1 1 B-P – str alf hl – b 2.0 – –
Melosira moniliformis var. octogona (Grunow) Hustedt 1 0 1 0 1 0 B-P – – – hl – – – – –
Melosira moniliformis var. subglobosa (Grunow) Hustedt 1 0 0 0 1 0 B-P – str alf hl – b 2.0 – –
Navicula ammophila Grunow 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – – – hl – – – – –
Navicula cancellata Donkin 1 1 1 0 1 1 B – – – hl – – – – –
Navicula cryptocephala Kützing 1 0 0 1 0 0 B-P temp st-str ind i es b 2.1 o-e ate
Navicula digito-radiata (Gregory) Ralfs 1 1 0 1 1 1 B – – alf I es b 2.0 me –
Navicula lanceolata var. tenuirostris Skvortzov 1 0 0 0 0 1 B – – alf i – – – – –
Navicula peregrina (Ehrenberg) Kützing 1 0 1 1 1 1 B-P – – alf mh es o-b 1.5 o-m –
Navicula ramosissima (C.Agardh) Cleve 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – – – ph – – – – –
Navicula radiosa Kützing 1 0 0 1 0 0 B temp st-str ind i es o 1.3 me ate
Navicula salinarum Grunow 1 1 0 1 0 1 B-P – st-str ind mh – b 2.1 me ate
Navicula veneta Kützing 1 1 0 0 0 1 B – – alf hl es a-o 2.7 – –
Nitzschia amphibia Grunow 1 0 0 0 1 0 B-P, S temp st-str alf i sp b 2.1 e hne
Nitzschia dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst 1 0 1 1 1 1 B – st-str alf i sx b-o 1.7 me ate
Nitzschia gracilis Hantzsch 1 0 1 1 0 0 B-P temp st-str ind i sp o-a 1.8 m –
Nitzschia holsatica Hustedt 1 0 1 1 0 0 B-P – – ind i es b 2.3 – –
Nitzschia lanceolata W.Smith 1 1 1 0 1 1 B – – alf hl – b 2.0 e –
Nitzschia linearis W.Smith 1 0 0 0 1 0 B temp st-str alf i es b-o 1.7 me ate
Nitzschia macilenta Gregory 0 0 1 1 0 0 – – – – hl – – – – –
Nitzschia obtusa W.Smith 1 1 0 1 1 1 B – – – hl es b-a 2.4 m –
Nitzschia recta Hantzsch ex Rabenhorst 1 0 0 1 0 0 B – st ind i es o-b 1.5 o-m ate
Nitzschia scalpelliformis Grunow 1 0 0 0 0 1 B – – alf hl sp b 2.0 me –
Nitzschia sigma (Kützing) W.Smith 1 1 1 1 1 1 B temp st-str alf mh es a 3.0 e ate
Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W.Smith 1 1 1 1 1 1 B-P – st-str alf i – b-a 2.5 e ate
Nitzschia vermicularis (Kützing) Hantzsch 1 1 0 1 0 1 B-P – str alf i – b 2.2 m –
Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) Agardh 0 1 1 1 1 0 – – – alf mh – b 2.0 – –
Petroneis humerosa (Brébisson ex W.Smith) A.J.Stickle & D.G.Mann 0 0 1 0 0 1 B – – – mh – – – – –
Petroneis marina (Ralfs) D.G.Mann 0 0 1 1 0 0 B – – – mh – – – – –
Plagiotropis lepidoptera (Gregory) Kuntze 1 1 1 1 1 0 B – – – i – – – – –
Planothidium delicatulum (Kützing) Round & Bukhtiyarova 1 0 0 1 0 0 B-P – – alb hl es b 2.0 o-m –
Planothidium haukianum (Grunow) Round & Bukhtiyarova 1 0 0 0 0 1 B-P – – alf hl – o 1.0 o-m –
Pleurosigma angulatum (J.T.Queckett) W.Smith 1 0 1 1 1 1 B – – alf hl – b 2.0 – –
Pleurosigma elongatum W.Smith 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – – alf mh – b 2.0 – –
Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) D.M.Williams & Round 1 1 0 0 0 1 B-P – st-str alf i – o 1.2 ot –
Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C.Agardh) Lange-Bertalot 1 1 1 0 0 1 B – st-str alf i es o-a 1.9 me ate
Rhoicosphenia marina (Kützing) M.Schmidt 1 1 1 1 1 1 B – – – hl – – – – –
Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenberg) Otto Müller 0 0 1 1 0 0 B temp str alf mh es b 2.0 me –
Rhopalodia musculus (Kützing) Otto Müller 0 0 1 1 0 0 B-P, S – str alb mh – o 1.0 – –
Skeletonema subsalsum (A.Cleve) Bethge 1 0 0 0 0 1 P – – ind i – o 1.0 me –
Surirella ovalis Brébisson 1 0 1 1 0 1 B-P – st-str alf I es a 3.0 me ate
Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams & Round 1 0 0 0 0 1 B-P – st ind mh es b-a 2.5 e ate
Tabularia parva (Kützing) Williams et Round 1 1 1 1 1 1 – – – alf mh – a 3.0 m –
Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Mereschkowsky 1 1 1 0 1 1 P – – – i – – – – –
Thalassiosira eccentrica (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1 0 1 1 1 1 P – – ind i – – – – –
Tryblionella acuminata W.Smith 1 1 0 1 1 0 B – st alf hl sx a-o 2.9 me –
Tryblionella apiculata Gregory 0 0 1 1 0 0 B – – alf hl es a-o 2.7 e –
Tryblionella granulata (Grunow) D.G.Mann 0 0 1 1 0 0 B – – alf hl – – – – –
Tryblionella hungarica (Grunow) Frenguelli 1 1 1 1 1 1 B-P – – alf mh sp a-o 2.9 e ate
Tryblionella levidensis W.Smith 0 1 1 0 1 1 B-P – st-str ind mh sp a-o 2.6 e ate
Tryblionella punctata W.Smith 1 0 1 1 0 0 B eterm – – mh – – – – –
Chrysophyta
Chrysococcus sp. 1 0 0 0 0 1 P – – – – – o-b 1.4 – –
Chlorophyta
ChlorellavulgarisBeyerinck 1 0 0 0 0 1 B-P, pb, S – – – hl – a 3.1 – –
Total number of taxa 84 48 65 58 50 70
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