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Dry weight and calcium carbonate encrustation of two morphologically different Chara species: a comparative study from different lakes

Andrzej Pukacz

Andrzej Pukacz

Polish-German Research Institute, Collegium Polonicum, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańSłubice, Poland
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Pukacz, Andrzej
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Mariusz Pełechaty

Mariusz Pełechaty

Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznań, Poland
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Pełechaty, Mariusz
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Marcin Frankowski

Marcin Frankowski

Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznań, Poland
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Frankowski, Marcin
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Eugeniusz Pronin

Eugeniusz Pronin

Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznań, Poland
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Pronin, Eugeniusz
  
22. Sept. 2016
Dry weight and calcium carbonate encrustation of two morphologically different Chara species: a comparative study from different lakes's Cover Image
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Artikel-Kategorie: Original research paper
Online veröffentlicht: 22. Sept. 2016
Seitenbereich: 377 - 387
Eingereicht: 27. Okt. 2015
Akzeptiert: 22. Feb. 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0034
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© 2016 Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Lake-to-lake variability of charophyte dry weight. The dashed line points at the lakes in which both species occurred. Each box-whiskers plot n = 30 (10 individuals × 3 sites). Abbreviations on the horizontal scale indicate the name of the lake (J – Jasne, K – Karskie, M – Męckie, Ma -Malcz, N – Niesłysz, P – Pierwsze, Z – Złoty Potok) slashed with the species name (Cg – Chara globularis, Ct – Chara tomentosa). The colors indicate species (gray is for C. globularis, white is for C. tomentosa). Different letters (lower case – C. globularis, uppercase – C. tomentosa) indicate significant (P < 0.05) lake-to-lake differences.
Lake-to-lake variability of charophyte dry weight. The dashed line points at the lakes in which both species occurred. Each box-whiskers plot n = 30 (10 individuals × 3 sites). Abbreviations on the horizontal scale indicate the name of the lake (J – Jasne, K – Karskie, M – Męckie, Ma -Malcz, N – Niesłysz, P – Pierwsze, Z – Złoty Potok) slashed with the species name (Cg – Chara globularis, Ct – Chara tomentosa). The colors indicate species (gray is for C. globularis, white is for C. tomentosa). Different letters (lower case – C. globularis, uppercase – C. tomentosa) indicate significant (P < 0.05) lake-to-lake differences.

Figure 2

Lake-to-lake variability of calcium carbonate content in charophyte dry weight. The dashed line points at the lakes in which both species occurred. Each box-whiskers plot n = 30 (10 individuals X 3 sites). Abbreviations on the horizontal scale indicate the name of the lake (J – Jasne, K – Karskie, M – Męckie, Ma -Malcz, N – Niesłysz, P – Pierwsze, Z – Złoty Potok) slashed with the species name (Cg – Chara globularis, Ct – Chara tomentosa). The colors indicate species (gray is for C. globularis, white is for C. tomentosa). Different letters (lower case – C. globularis, uppercase – C. tomentosa) indicate significant (P < 0.05) lake-to-lake differences.
Lake-to-lake variability of calcium carbonate content in charophyte dry weight. The dashed line points at the lakes in which both species occurred. Each box-whiskers plot n = 30 (10 individuals X 3 sites). Abbreviations on the horizontal scale indicate the name of the lake (J – Jasne, K – Karskie, M – Męckie, Ma -Malcz, N – Niesłysz, P – Pierwsze, Z – Złoty Potok) slashed with the species name (Cg – Chara globularis, Ct – Chara tomentosa). The colors indicate species (gray is for C. globularis, white is for C. tomentosa). Different letters (lower case – C. globularis, uppercase – C. tomentosa) indicate significant (P < 0.05) lake-to-lake differences.

Figure 3

PCA output for physicochemical water properties at all the study sites. The symbols indicate particular lakes. The colors indicate species (gray is for C. globularis, white is for C. tomentosa).
PCA output for physicochemical water properties at all the study sites. The symbols indicate particular lakes. The colors indicate species (gray is for C. globularis, white is for C. tomentosa).

Means and standard deviations of the physicochemical water properties significantly differentiating the investigated lakes_ Results of ANOVA tests (F and p-values are indicated; degrees of freedom: 6 and 23)_ Results of post hoc analyses are indicated by means of capital letters_

ANOVA Jasne (n = 6) Karskie (n = 6) Malcz (n = 3) Męckie (n = 6) Niesłysz (n = 3) Pierwsze (n = 3) Złoty Potok (n = 3)
O2(mg l-1) F = 31.4P < 0.001 A6.0 ± 0.1 BCD7.4 ± 0.3 A5.3 ± 0.1 BCD7.4 ± 0.2 C8.2 ± 0.6 D7.0 ± 0.2 D7.0 ± 0.2
Alkalinity(mval l-1) F = 345.8P < 0.001 A1.6 ± 0.1 B2.8 ± 0.0 CD1.9 ± 0.06 C1.7 ± 0.1 D1.9 ± 0.0 E1.2 ± 0.1 F2.2 ± 0.6
Conductivity(µS cm-1) F = 803.3P < 0.001 A304 ± 13.4 B590 ± 11.9 C266 ± 6.6 C263 ± 3.7 A318 ± 18.5 D158 ± 5.8 A332 ± 5.6
Ca2+(mg l-1) F = 1512.1P < 0.001 A47.4 ± 1.4 B77.8 ± 1.2 C38.3 ± 0.3 C40.4 ± 0.5 D44.0 ± 0.2 E22.6 ± 0.2 A49.7 ± 1.0
Mg2+(mg l-1) F = 61.3P < 0.001 A2.9 ± 0.6 B9.6 ± 1.4 A2.7 ± 0.3 A2.2 ± 0.4 C5.3 ± 1.0 A2.1 ± 0.5 C5.9 ± 0.2
Hardness(°dH) F = 1433.5P < 0.001 A7.3 ± 0.2 C13.1 ± 0.2 B6.0 ± 0.1 B6.2 ± 0.1 A7.4 ± 0.2 D3.7 ± 0.1 E8.3 ± 0.1

Characteristics of the studied lakes (based on: Jańczak 1996; Pełechaty, Pukacz 2006; Pełechaty et al_ 2007)

Unit Jasne Karskie Malcz Męckie Niesłysz Pierwsze Złoty Potok
Geographical coordinates - 52°17'7"N 15°03'06"E 52°55'4"N 15°04'8"E 52°21'1”N 15°13'3"E 52°22'0"N 15°11'2"E 52°13'9"N 15°23'8"E 52°23'11”N 15°09'18"E 52°13'0"N 15°22'5"E
Surface area ha 15.1 150 36.2 40.9 486.2 19.3 32.8
Mean depth m 4.3 6.2 3.4 9.2 7.8 4.7 5.9
Max depth m 9.5 17.6 7.3 22.7 34.7 10.7 13.7
Lake type - outflow flow no flows flow no flows no flows no flows
Stratification - incomplete complete incomplete complete complete incomplete complete
SD visibility m 3 3.1 3.8 6.5 4.2 5.4 4.3
C. tomentosa sampling depth m 3 3 3 2 2
C. globularis sampling depth m 4 3 3 4 4

Significant correlations between the dry weight and calcium carbonate content of each charophyte species and the habitat characteristics of the study sites_ For each characteristic n = 15 (DW and % CaCO3 were represented by mean of 10)_ The asterisks (*) indicate the significance level (< 0_05, < 0_01, < 0_001, respectively)

Chara globularis Chara tomentosa
Dry weight % CaCO3 Dry weight % CaCO3
Temperature 0.61*
-0.53*
Conductivity -0.63**
Alkalinity -0.59* -0.59*
Ca2+ -0.88***
Mg2+ -0.55*
Hardness -0.75***
TP 0.73**
Sampling depth 0.69**
% bottom cover 0.72**
No. of species -0.58*
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