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Analysis of hydrobiological responses to anthropogenic and natural influences in a lagoon system in the Gulf of California

José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga
José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga
, 
Gustavo Padilla-Arredondo
Gustavo Padilla-Arredondo
, 
Julio Medina-Galván
Julio Medina-Galván
, 
Lía Méndez-Rodríguez
Lía Méndez-Rodríguez
, 
Renato Mendoza-Salgado
Renato Mendoza-Salgado
 und 
Miguel V. Cordoba-Matson
Miguel V. Cordoba-Matson
   | 10. März 2016
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Article Category: Original research paper
Online veröffentlicht: 10. März 2016
Seitenbereich: 112 - 120
Eingereicht: 27. Apr. 2015
Akzeptiert: 03. Aug. 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0011
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© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdañsk, Poland. All rights reserved.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Map showing the location of the El Rancho-Empalme lagoon system. The dots indicate the sampling sites. The map shows the location of the shrimp farm which delivers effluents to El Rancho
Map showing the location of the El Rancho-Empalme lagoon system. The dots indicate the sampling sites. The map shows the location of the shrimp farm which delivers effluents to El Rancho

Figure 2

Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) was used to compare seasonal variation in the groups of samples based on water quality parameters for the El Rancho (A) and Empalme (B) subsystems. Nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, soluble phosphate, and chlorophyll a, were included in the multivariate analysis.
Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) was used to compare seasonal variation in the groups of samples based on water quality parameters for the El Rancho (A) and Empalme (B) subsystems. Nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, soluble phosphate, and chlorophyll a, were included in the multivariate analysis.

Figure 3

Box and whisker plot of the trophic state by TRIX index for the El Rancho-Empalme lagoon system during seasons. Median, quartiles, ranges, and outliers of data are shown for each event. The plot shows the trophic state levels and the impact of upwelling and shrimp farm effluents.
Box and whisker plot of the trophic state by TRIX index for the El Rancho-Empalme lagoon system during seasons. Median, quartiles, ranges, and outliers of data are shown for each event. The plot shows the trophic state levels and the impact of upwelling and shrimp farm effluents.

Characteristics of the El Rancho subsystem, type and surface water inputs-outputs

Parameters Unit Non-variant values Winter Spring Summer Autumn
Area km² 7.78
Depth m 0.50
Average system volume m³ 3,890,000
Precipitation - 156 - 1,299
Evaporation 30,007 40,012 56,428 27,051
Contribution from shrimp farm m³ day - - 31.3 31.3
Contribution from the sea 30,007 39,857 54,461 25,752
Residence time days 0.9 0.4 1.6 0.5

Seasonal variability in water quality of the El Rancho-Empalme lagoon system

Units Spring Summer
El Rancho Empalme El Rancho Empalme
Mean SD min max Mean SD min max Mean SD min max Mean SD min max
Temperature °C 19.6 0.28 19.04 19.94 20.38 0.34 19.87 21.25 30.15 1.33 28.5 32.24 31.16 1.26 29 33.94
DO mg l-1 6.26 0.53 5.65 7.07 6.84 0.5 6.02 7.66 4.21 0.83 3.19 5.83 4.76 1.06 3.03 7.14
Salinity PSU 38.55 0.44 37.95 39.56 37.93 0.24 37.48 38.43 38.41 1.25 36.73 40.78 35.45 3.09 29.87 39.4
NO2+NO3 μM 0.38 0.09 0.24 0.49 0.35 0.13 0.08 0.76 0.15 0.05 0.09 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.22
NH4 0.52 0.3 0.2 1.12 0.49 0.48 0.1 2.44 0.51 0.35 0.07 1.16 0.46 0.49 0.01 2.3
PO4 1.4 0.24 0.91 1.73 1.63 0.19 1.2 1.97 0.96 0.2 0.69 1.44 0.84 0.19 0.55 1.26
Chl a mg m-3 1.06 1.65 0.02 5.92 0.57 0.42 0.02 1.64 0.77 0.75 0.04 2.73 1.25 1.2 0 3.29
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