Is there a common alpha-efficiency in polymineral samples measured by various infrared stimulated luminescence protocols?

Christoph Schmidt; Janina Bösken; Thomas Kolb

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Is there a common alpha-efficiency in polymineral samples measured by various infrared stimulated luminescence protocols?

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| 11. Aug. 2018

Band 45 (2018): Heft 1 (January 2018)

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Article Category: Regular Articles

Online veröffentlicht: 11. Aug. 2018

Seitenbereich: 160 - 172

Eingereicht: 11. Aug. 2017

Akzeptiert: 07. Juni 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0095

Schlüsselwörter
luminescence, infrared stimulated luminescence – IRSL, polymineral samples, alpha-efficiency, -value, loess

© 2018 C. Schmidt., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Results of MAAD measurements for sample BT1345 (IRSLF protocol). The corresponding a-value is shown in Table 4.

Comparison of a-values determined following different luminescence signal resetting modes. Each data point represents 2–4 individual a-value measurements; the error bars show the standard deviation. All measurements were carried out with aliquots of ~1 mg sample material, except for BT1344* (~2 mg sample material per aliquot).

Results of the repeated Lα – Tβ measurements. Data were fitted with a linear function; PIRIR290 results are shown in black, IRSLF results in blue. The asterisk indicates that seven Lα – Tβ cycles were measured without removing the samples from the luminescence reader, while the other samples were transferred from the α-irradiation facility to the luminescence reader three times (see main text for further details).

Graphical summary of PIRIR290 and IRSLF a-values measured in Bayreuth and Cologne. The dashed lines indicate the unweighted average and its standard deviation (1σ). Data points represent the average of 1–11 aliquots (see Table 4) and are plotted with the corresponding standard deviation (1σ).

Boxplot of PIRIR290 a-values grouped according to sampled outcrops. Further sampling information and numerical results are given in Tables 1 and 4.

Results of comparative a-value measurements between the two involved laboratories. Data points represent 2–6 aliquots and are plotted along with the respective standard deviation.

Equivalent doses determined with the pIRIR protocol at varying reading temperatures (270, 290, 310°C). Further technical details are given in the main text. A comparative dose estimate derived in the Cologne laboratory using the pIRIR290 protocol is indicated with open symbols. Error bars represent the standard deviation of contributing aliquots.

Summary of investigated samples. Sample codes BT… refer to the luminescence laboratory in Bayreuth, codes C-L… to the laboratory in Cologne; pIRIR290 = post-IR IRSL protocol with 290°C stimulation temperature (following Thiel et al., 2011); IRSLF = IRSL protocol according to Faust et al. (2015); MAAD = multiple-aliquot additive-dose protocol applied both to the pIRIR290 and the IRSLF emission (see main text for further details).

Sample code	Provenance	Coordinates	Depositional environment	Applied protocols	Reference
BT1257	Titel, Serbia	45°17′42″N, 20°11′22″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	–

BT1258	Titel, Serbia	45°17′42″N, 20°11′22″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	–

BT1259	Titel, Serbia	45°17′42″N, 20°11′22″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	–

BT1337	Encantado I, Fuerteventura	28°38′20″N, 13°58′37″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	–

BT1339	Encantado I, Fuerteventura	28°38′18″N, 13°58′40″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	–

BT1340	Melian, Fuerteventura	28°40′18″N, 13°57′08″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1341	Melian, Fuerteventura	28°40′18″N, 13°57′08″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1342	Melian, Fuerteventura	28°40′09″N, 13°57′14″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1343	Melian, Fuerteventura	28°40′09″N, 13°57′14″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1344	Melian, Fuerteventura	28°40′22″N, 13°57′12″W	Aeolian deposits	MAAD (PIRIR₂₉₀, IRSL_F)	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1345	Melian, Fuerteventura	28°40′22″N, 13°57′12″W	Aeolian deposits	MAAD (PIRIR₂₉₀, IRSL_F)	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1421	Encantado III, Fuerteventura	28°38′21″N, 13°58′44″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1423	Encantado III, Fuerteventura	28°38′21″N, 13°58′44″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1424	Encantado III, Fuerteventura	28°38′21″N, 13°58′44″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1425	Encantado III, Fuerteventura	28°38′21″N, 13°58′44″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1426	Encantado III, Fuerteventura	28°38′21″N, 13°58′44″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1432	Enamorados, Fuerteventura	28°38′05″N, 13°59′06″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	–

BT1513	Jable 1, Fuerteventura	28°38′38″N, 13°58′28″W	Aeolian deposits	PIRIR₂₉₀, IRSL_F	–

BT1514	Jable 1, Fuerteventura	28°38′38″N, 13°58′28″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1515	Jable 1, Fuerteventura	28°38′38″N, 13°58′28″W	Aeolian deposits	PIRIR₂₉₀, IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1517	Jable 1, Fuerteventura	28°38′38″N, 13°58′28″W	Aeolian deposits	PIRIR₂₉₀, IRSL_F	–

BT1519	Fuerteventura, Spain	28°39′09″N, 13°57′27″W	Aeolian deposits	PIRIR₂₉₀, IRSL_F	–

BT1525	Jable 2, Fuerteventura	28°38′50″N, 13°58′38″W	Aeolian deposits	PIRIR₂₉₀, IRSL_F	Roettig et al. (2017)

BT1528	Jable 2, Fuerteventura	28°38′50″N, 13°58′38″W	Aeolian deposits	PIRIR₂₉₀, IRSL_F	–

BT1529	Montana Roja, Fuerteventura	28°38′59″N, 13°51′08″W	Aeolian deposits	IRSL_F	–

BT1401	Eifel, Germany	50°04′39″N, 07°01′43″E	Quartzitic slate	PIRIR₂₉₀	Schmidt et al. (2017)

BT1415	Vârghis, Romania	46°12′58″N, 25°32′36″E	Aeolian cave deposit	PIRIR₂₉₀	Veres et al. (2018)

BT1416	Vârghis, Romania	46°12′58″N, 25°32′36″E	Aeolian cave deposit	PIRIR₂₉₀	Veres et al. (2018)

BT1417	întorsura Buzăului, Romania	45°43′02″N, 26°04′13″E	Loamy hillslope deposit	PIRIR₂₉₀	–

C-L3704	Urluia, Romania	44°05′42″N, 27°54′07″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	–

C-L3707	Urluia, Romania	44°05′42″N, 27°54′07″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Obreht et al. (2017)

C-L3778	Stalać, Serbia	43°40′39″N, 21°25′04″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (2017)

C-L3780	Stalać, Serbia	43°40′39″N, 21°25′04″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (2017)

C-L3784	Stalać, Serbia	43°40′39″N, 21°25′04″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (2017)

C-L3786	Stalać, Serbia	43°40′39″N, 21°25′04″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (2017)

C-L3787	Stalać, Serbia	43°40′39″N, 21°25′04″E	Pedogenetically overprinted loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (2017)

C-L3788	Stalać, Serbia	43°40′39″N, 21°25′04″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (2017)

C-L4029	Vrsac, Serbia	45°09′10″N, 21°09′30″E	Lacustrine sediment	PIRIR₂₉₀	Zeeden et al. (in PreP.)

C-L4030	Vrsac, Serbia	45°09′10″N, 21°09′30″E	Lacustrine sediment	PIRIR₂₉₀	Zeeden et al. (in PreP.)

C-L4031	Vrsac, Serbia	45°09′10″N, 21°09′30″E	Lacustrine sediment	PIRIR₂₉₀	Zeeden et al. (in PreP.)

C-L3789	Ságvár, Hungary	46°49′18″N, 18°05′23″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (in Press, a)

C-L3791	Ságvár, Hungary	46°49′18″N, 18°05′23″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (in Press, a)

C-L3792	Ságvár, Hungary	46°49′18″N, 18°05′23″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (in Press, a)

C-L3793	Ságvár, Hungary	46°49′18″N, 18°05′23″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (in Press, a)

C-L3795	Bodrogkeresztúr, Hungary	48°08′50″N, 21°21′48″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (in Press, b)

C-L3797	Bodrogkeresztúr, Hungary	48°08′50″N, 21°21′48″E	Pedogenetically overprinted loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (in Press, b)

C-L3799	Bodrogkeresztúr, Hungary	48°08′50″N, 21°21′48″E	Loess	PIRIR₂₉₀	Bösken et al. (in Press, b)

Measurement protocols employed for a-value determination. Step 1 in the first SAR cycle is carried out using α-irradiation, while all subsequent irradiations refer to β-doses. The pIRIR290 protocol follows Thiel et al. (2011), while the IRSLF protocol was adopted from Faust et al. (2015). Stimulation times for IRSL50 and pIRIR290 signals were 300 s (Bayreuth) or 200 s (Cologne); an IRSL readout at 325°C for 600 s (Bayreuth) or 200 s (Cologne) intended to fully zero IRSL traps prior to the next regeneration cycle.

pIRIR₂₉₀			IRSL_F

Step	Procedure	Signal	Step	Procedure	Signal
0	Resetting of the natural signal		0	Resetting of the natural signal

1	Irradiation with dose D_i		1	Irradiation with dose D_i

2	Preheat (320°C, 60 s)		2	Preheat (270°C, 120 s)

3	IR stimulation (50°C, 300 s or 200 s)		3	Pause (1200 s)

4	IR stimulation (290°C, 300 s or 200 s)	L_x	4	IR stimulation (125°C, 300 s)	L_x

5	Irradiation with test dose D_t		5	Irradiation with test dose D_t

6	Preheat (320°C, 60 s)		6	Preheat (270°C, 120 s)

7	IR stimulation (50°C, 300 s or 200 s)		7	Pause (1200 s)

8	IR stimulation (290°C, 300 s or 200 s)	T_x	8	IR stimulation (125°C, 300 s)	T_x

9	IR stimulation (325°C, 600 s or 200 s)		9	Return to step 1

10	Return to step 1

Relative change of the Lα/Tβ ratio after repeated Lα – Tβ cycles (see main text for further information).

Sample		BT1258		BT1259
Protocol	IRSL_F	PIRIR₂₉₀	IRSL_F	plRIR₂₉₀

3 cycles	6%	3%	9%	8%

7 cycles	5%	7%	12%	13%

Results of a-value determination. In contrast to Table 1, samples are grouped according to the measurement protocol used for a-value determination. n is the number of measured aliquots per sample. The a-value is derived as the arithmetic mean of individual aliquots of one sample; the averaged measurement uncertainty Δa is calculated using the formula Δa = [(Δa12+Δa22+…+Δan2)/n]0.5 SD is the standard deviation. The low-temperature IRSL readout of sample C-L3789 was carried out both at 50°C and 80°C, as indicated in the first column. Systematic errors relating to α- and β-source calibration are not considered in this compilation.

Sample code	Protocol	Resetting	α-dose (Gy)	n	a-value	Δa	SD (1σ)
BT1257	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	4	0.078	0.005	0.005

BT1258	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	4	0.087	0.005	0.008

BT1259	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	4	0.083	0.004	0.007

BT1344	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	4	0.084	0.006	0.009

BT1344	pIRIR₂₉₀ MAAD	Hot bleach	–	–	0.035	0.004	–

BT1345	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	633	4	0.102	0.009	0.011

BT1345	pIRIR₂₉₀ MAAD	Hot bleach	–	–	0.075	0.008	–

BT1513	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	3	0.089	0.005	0.006

BT1515	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	3	0.077	0.009	0.010

BT1517	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	3	0.076	0.003	0.003

BT1519	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	3	0.071	0.005	0.003

BT1525	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	3	0.094	0.008	0.011

BT1526	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	3	0.107	0.008	0.004

BT1527	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	3	0.090	0.010	0.006

BT1528	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	3	0.075	0.004	0.007

BT1401	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	373	2	0.091	0.008	0.008

BT1415	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	4	0.085	0.004	0.006

BT1416	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	4	0.083	0.003	0.003

BT1417	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	298	4	0.091	0.004	0.007

C-L3704	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	79	2	0.109	0.006	0.009

C-L3707	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	79	2	0.115	0.006	0.008

C-L3778	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	79	3	0.116	0.006	0.010

C-L3780	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	79	2	0.108	0.007	0.015

C-L3784	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	79	3	0.119	0.010	0.016

C-L3786	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	79	2	0.085	0.006	0.009

C-L3787	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	197	1	0.078	0.007	–

C-L3787	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	394	6	0.084	0.003	0.016

C-L3788	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	394	6	0.105	0.004	0.010

C-L3789 (50C)	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	79	3	0.103	0.007	0.012

C-L3789 (80C)	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	197	3	0.109	0.006	0.017

C-L3789 (80C)	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	296	11	0.074	0.003	0.009

C-L3791	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	394	6	0.084	0.003	0.016

C-L3792	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	394	5	0.091	0.004	0.016

C-L3793	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	197	2	0.100	0.004	0.005

C-L3793	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	394	6	0.089	0.003	0.020

C-L3795	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	394	5	0.107	0.004	0.005

C-L3797	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	394	6	0.100	0.004	0.005

C-L3799	pIRIR₂₉₀	Annealing	394	3	0.096	0.004	0.007

C-L4029	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	50	5	0.113	0.009	0.010

C-L4030	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	50	5	0.120	0.012	0.010

C-L4031	pIRIR₂₉₀	Hot bleach	50	5	0.115	0.010	0.019

BT1337	IRSL_F	Hot bleach	199	4	0.077	0.014	0.005

	IRSL_F	Hot bleach	199	4	0.074	0.003	0.003

BT1340	IRSL_F	Hot bleach	199	4	0.096	0.009	0.002

BT1341	IRSL_F	Hot bleach	199	4	0.099	0.014	0.007

BT1342	IRSL_F	Hot bleach	199	4	0.086	0.010	0.008

BT1343	IRSL_F	Hot bleach	199	4	0.078	0.003	0.003

BT1344	IRSL_F	Hot bleach	199	4	0.091	0.006	0.005

BT1344	IRSL_F MAAD	Hot bleach	–	–	0.079	0.006	–

BT1345	IRSL_F	Hot bleach	199	4	0.085	0.007	0.003

BT1345	IRSL_F MAAD	Hot bleach	–	–	0.069	0.004	–

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Is there a common alpha-efficiency in polymineral samples measured by various infrared stimulated luminescence protocols?

Article Category: Regular Articles

Online veröffentlicht: 11. Aug. 2018

Seitenbereich: 160 - 172

Eingereicht: 11. Aug. 2017

Akzeptiert: 07. Juni 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0095

Schlüsselwörter
luminescence, infrared stimulated luminescence – IRSL, polymineral samples, alpha-efficiency, -value, loess

© 2018 C. Schmidt., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Relative change of the Lα/Tβ ratio after repeated Lα – Tβ cycles (see main text for further information).

Is there a common alpha-efficiency in polymineral samples measured by various infrared stimulated luminescence protocols?

Article Category: Regular Articles

Online veröffentlicht: 11. Aug. 2018

Seitenbereich: 160 - 172

Eingereicht: 11. Aug. 2017

Akzeptiert: 07. Juni 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0095

Schlüsselwörterluminescence, infrared stimulated luminescence – IRSL, polymineral samples, alpha-efficiency, -value, loess

© 2018 C. Schmidt., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Relative change of the Lα/Tβ ratio after repeated Lα – Tβ cycles (see main text for further information).

Schlüsselwörter
luminescence, infrared stimulated luminescence – IRSL, polymineral samples, alpha-efficiency, -value, loess