Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Exploring the Ways Cinematography Affects Viewers’ Perceived Empathy towards Onscreen Characters

   | 23. Jan. 2017

Zitieren

Andréasson, Per 2010. Emotional Empathy, Facial Reactions, and Facial Feedback. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences 58. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.Search in Google Scholar

Berliner, Todd; Cohen, Dale J. 2011. ‘The Illusion of Continuity: Active Perception and the Classical Editing System’. – Journal of Film and Video 63, 1, 44–63.Search in Google Scholar

Bickart, Kevin C.; Dickerson, Bradford C.; Barrett, Lisa Feldman 2014. ‘The Amygdala as a Hub in Brain Networks That Support Social Life’. – Neuropsychologia 63, 235–248.10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.013Search in Google Scholar

Bradley, Margaret M.; Lang, Peter J. 1994. ‘Measuring Emotion: Self-Assessment Manikin and the Semantic Differential’. – Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 25, 1, 49–59.Search in Google Scholar

Brown, Blain 2013. Cinematography: Theory and Practice: Image Making for Cinematographers and Directors. New York, London: Focal Press.10.4324/9780080958958Search in Google Scholar

Dalle Vacche, Angela 2009. ‘Chiaroscuro: Caravaggio, Bazin, Storaro’. – Senses of Cinema 53. http://sensesofcinema.com/2009/feature-articles/chiaroscuro-caravaggio-bazin-storaro/ (1 November 2016).Search in Google Scholar

Davis, Mark H. 1980. ‘A Multidimensional Approach to Individual Differences in Empathy’. – JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology 10, 85.Search in Google Scholar

Ferber, Susanne; Humphrey, Keith G.; Vilis, Tutis 2005. ‘Segregation and Persistence of Form in the Lateral Occipital Complex’. – Neuropsychologia 43, 1, 41–51.10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.020Search in Google Scholar

Gallese, Vittorio 2009. ‘Mirror Neurons, Embodied Simulation, and the Neural Basis of Social Identification’. – Psychoanalytic Dialogues 19, 5, 519–536.10.1080/10481880903231910Search in Google Scholar

Greenhouse, Samuel W.; Geisser, Seymour 1959. ‘On Methods in the Analysis of Profile Data’. – Psychometrika 24, 2, 95–112.10.1007/BF02289823Search in Google Scholar

Han, Shihui; Jiang, Yi; Humphreys, Glyn W.; Zhou, Tiangang; Cai, Peng 2005. ‘Distinct Neural Substrates for the Perception of Real and Virtual Visual Worlds’. – Neuroimage 24, 3, 928–935.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.046Search in Google Scholar

Hardy, Robert 2015. ‘A Primer on Practical Lights: How Practicals Can Make Your Cinematography Come to Life’. – No Film School, 2 July. http://nofilmschool.com/2015/07/practical-light-primer-how-practical-lighting-bring-cinematography-to-life (3 November 2016).Search in Google Scholar

Heider, Fritz; Simmel, Marianne 1944. ‘An Experimental Study in Apparent Behavior’. – The American Journal of Psychology 57, 243–259.10.2307/1416950Search in Google Scholar

Hillis, Argye E. 2014. ‘Inability to Empathize: Brain Lesions That Disrupt Sharing and Understanding Another’s Emotions’. – Brain 137, 4, 981–997.10.1093/brain/awt317Search in Google Scholar

Hurlemann, René; Patin, Alexandra; Onur, Oezguer A.; Cohen, Michael X.; Baumgartner, Tobias; Metzler, Sarah; Dziobek, Isabel; Gallinat, Juergen; Wagner, Michael; Maier, Wolfgang; Kendrick, Keith M. 2010. ‘Oxytocin Enhances Amygdala-Dependent, Socially Reinforced Learning and Emotional Empathy in Humans’. – The Journal of Neuroscience 30, 14, 4999–5007.Search in Google Scholar

Kilner, James M.; Paulignan, Y.; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne 2003. ‘An Interference Effect of Observed Biological Movement on Action’. – Current Biology 13, 6, 522–525.10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00165-9Search in Google Scholar

Lang, Peter J. 1980. ‘Behavioral Treatment and Bio-behavioral Assessment: Computer Applications’. – Joseph B. Sidowski, James Harding Johnson, Thomas Arthur Williams (eds.), Technology in Mental Health Care Delivery Systems. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 119–l37.Search in Google Scholar

Lessiter, Jane; Freeman, Jonathan; Keogh, Edmund; Davidoff, Jules 2001. ‘A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory’. – Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 10, 3, 282–297.10.1162/105474601300343612Search in Google Scholar

Lombard, Matthew; Ditton, Theresa B. 1997. ‘At the Heart of It All: The Concept of Presence’. – Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 3, 2. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x/full (3 November 2016).10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.xSearch in Google Scholar

Marko, Bobby 2014. ‘Helpful Ways for Cinemato-graphers to Get a Grip on Lighting: Part 2’. – Provideo Coalition, 8 August. http://www.provideocoalition.com/helpful-ways-for-cinematographers-to-get-a-grip-on-lighting-part-2/#sthash.7TfvrlJ0.dpuf (1 November 2016).Search in Google Scholar

O’Hara, Ryan Patrick 2010. ‘Why We Need Light: Shape & Depth’. – Dvxuser, 18 August. http://www.dvxuser.com/V6/showthread.php?220459-RPO-s-Why-We-Need-Light-Article-Series (3 November 2016).Search in Google Scholar

Ousdal, Olga Therese; Specht, Karsten; Server, Andres; Andreassen, Ole A.; Dolan, Ray J.; Jensen, Jimmy 2014. ‘The Human Amygdala Encodes Value and Space During Decision Making’. – Neuroimage 101, 712–719.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.055Search in Google Scholar

Perani, D.; Fazio, F.; Borghese, N. A.; Tettamanti, M.; Ferrari, S.; Decety, J.; Gilardi, M. 2001. ‘Different Brain Correlates for Watching Real and Virtual Hand Actions’. – Neuroimage 14, 3, 749–758.Search in Google Scholar

Ramachandran, V. S.; Hirstein, William 1999. ‘The Science of Art: A Neurological Theory of Aesthetic Experience’. – Journal of Consciousness Studies 6, 6–7, 15–51.Search in Google Scholar

Raz, Gal; Hendler, Talma 2014. ‘Forking Cinematic Paths to the Self: Neurocinematically Informed Model of Empathy in Motion Pictures’. – Projections: The Journal for Movies and Mind 8, 2, 89–114.10.3167/proj.2014.080206Search in Google Scholar

Shutter Angle 2012. ‘Creating Depth, Part 1: Introduction, DOF, Deep Staging, Resolution’. – Shutter Angle, 24 November. http://www.shutterangle.com/2012/creating-depth-dof-deep-staging-resolution/ (3 November 2016)Search in Google Scholar

Stam, Robert; Burgoyne, Robert; Flitterman-Lewis, Sandy 1992. New Vocabularies in Film Semiotics. London, New York: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Sutherland, Ainsley 2016. ‘The Limits of Virtual Reality: Debugging the Empathy Machine’. – Docubase: MIT Open Documentary Lab. http://docubase.mit.edu/lab/case-studies/the-limits-of-virtual-reality-debugging-the-empathy-machine/ (15 March 2016).Search in Google Scholar

van Boxtel, Anton 2010. ‘Facial EMG as a Tool for Inferring Affective States’. – Proceedings of Measuring Behavior, 104–108.Search in Google Scholar

Zaki, Jamil; Ochsner, Kevin N. 2012. ‘The Neuroscience of Empathy: Progress, Pitfalls and Promise’. – Nature Neuroscience 15, 5, 675–680.Search in Google Scholar

Zillmann, Dolf 2013. ‘Empathy: Affect from Bearing Witness to the Emotions of Others’. – Jennings Bryant, Dolf Zillmann (eds.), Responding to the Screen: Reception and Reaction Processes. New York, London: Routledge, 135–168.Search in Google Scholar