Fixed Effects | S.E. | ||
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | -3.934 | .087 | |
Random Effects | S.E. | ρ | |
Level-1 | 3.29 | ||
Level-2 | .250 | .042 | 6.94% |
Level-3 | .060 | .162 | 1.67% |
-2LL=4324243 | |||
n=623,947 |
S.E. | Odds Ratio | S.E. | |||
Intercept | -5.021 | .152 | ----- | .064 | .051 |
Final Offense Level | -.072 | .004 | 931 | .001 | .000 |
Criminal History | .057 | .013 | 1 059 | 009 | .002 |
Number of Counts (log) | .315 | .018 | 1.370 | .009 | .003 |
General Offense Type | --- | --- | |||
Drugs (reference) | |||||
Violent | 1.576 | .116 | 4.838 | ||
Firearms | .694 | .094 | 2.001 | ||
Immigration | .199 | .106 | 1.221 | ||
Property | .532 | .096 | 1.702 | ||
Other | .503 | .116 | 1.653 | ||
Acc. of Responsibility | -.728 | .070 | .483 | .045 | .018 |
Female | -.559 | .047 | 572 | .018 | .014 |
Minority | .045 | .044 | 1.046 | .035 | .010 |
U.S. Citizen | .509 | .066 | 1.664 | 148 | .031 |
Age Over 50 | .311 | .031 | 1.364 | .010 | .006 |
In Custody | 1.403 | .055 | 4.066 | 055 | .016 |
Trial | -.100 | .084 | .905 | .063 | .027 |
Random intercept | .064 | .051 | |||
ρ | 1.9% | ||||
-2LL = 4149605 |
Fixed Effects | S.E. | ||
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | -3.937 | .057 | |
Random Effects | S.E. | ρ | |
Level-1 | 3.29 | ||
Level-2 | .282 | .046 | 7.69% |
Level-3 | .093 | .010 | 2.54% |
-2LL=4328082 | |||
n=623,947 |
Upward Departure | (2.0%) |
Final Offense Level | 18.72 |
Criminal History | 2.48 |
Number of Counts | 1.42 |
General Offense Type | |
Drugs | (33.0%) |
Violent | (5.9%) |
Firearms | (10.6%) |
Immigration | (29.9%) |
Property | (16.5%) |
Other | (14.0%) |
Acceptance of Responsibility | (94.8%) |
Female | (12.8%) |
Minority | (73.5%) |
U.S. Citizen | (58.7%) |
Age Over 50 | (12.5%) |
In Custody | (75.3%) |
Trial | (3.5%) |
Fixed Effects | S.E. | ||
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | -3.921 | .058 | |
Random Effects | S.E. | ρ | |
Level-1 | 3.29 | --- | |
Level-2 | .301 | .047 | 8.38% |
-2LL=4324129 | |||
n=623,947 |
Variable | Coding Scheme | Description |
Upward Departure | 1 = yes | Defendant received an upward departure |
Final Offense Level | Scale | Guidelines scale rating offense severity from 1-43 |
Criminal History | Ordinal | Guidelines ranking of criminal history from I-VI |
Number of Counts | Log (scale) | Natural log of the number of counts of conviction |
General Offense Type | Five dummy variables | Five dummy indicators with the reference category of drug offenses |
Acceptance of Responsibility | 1 = yes | Dummy indicator for having received a reduction in offense levels for accepting responsibility |
Male | 1 = male | Dummy indicator for gender |
Minority | 1 = minority | Dummy indicator for black, Hispanic, or other together coded as 1, with the reference category white |
U.S. Citizen | 1 = citizen | Dummy indicator for a U.S. citizen |
Age Over 50 | 1 = yes | Dummy indicator for age 50 and above |
In Custody | 1 = yes | Dummy indicator for being in custody at time of sentencing |
Trial | 1 = yes | Dummy indicator for going to trial (versus a plea) |
Nominal | 94 districts |
1 | Criminal history issues | 60.0% |
2 | Nature and circumstances of the offense and history and character of the defendant | 53.5% |
3 | Reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote respect for the law, and provide just punishment | 49.9% |
4 | Deterrence | 42.6% |
5 | Protect the public from further crimes of the defendant | 40.9% |
6 | Rehabilitation | 9.3% |
7 | Avoid unwarranted disparities | 8.0% |
8 | Dismissed and acquitted conduct | 8.4% |
9 | General adequacy issue | 5.5% |
10 | General guideline issue | 4.4% |