[Ademola S.G., Farinu G.O., Babatunde G.M. (2009). Serum lipid, growth and haematological parameters of broilers fed garlic, ginger and their mixtures. World J. Agric. Sci., 5: 99-104.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ahmadi F. (2010). Effect of turmeric (Curcumin longa) powder on performance, oxidative stress state and some of blood parameters in broilers fed on diets containing aflatoxin. Glob. Vet., 5: 312-317.]Search in Google Scholar
[Al - Beitawi N.A., El - Ghousein S.S., Athamneh M.Z. (2010). Effect of adding crushed Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa seeds and Thymus vulgaris mixture to antibiotics-free rations of vaccinated and non-vaccinated male broilers on growth performance, antibody titer and haematological profile. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 9, e43: 222-228.]Search in Google Scholar
[Al - Mariri A., Safi M. (2014). In vitro antibacterial activity of several plant extracts and oils against some gram-negative bacteria. Iran. J. Med. Sci., 39: 36.]Search in Google Scholar
[Al - Yasiry A.R.M., Kiczorowska B. (2016). Frankincense - therapeutic properties. Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw., 70: 380-391.]Search in Google Scholar
[Andrés- Barranco S., Vico J.P., Grilló M.J., Mainar - Jaime R.C. (2015). Reduction of subclinical Salmonella infection in fattening pigs after dietary supplementation withaß-galactomannan oligosaccharide. J. Appl. Microbiol., 118: 284-294.]Search in Google Scholar
[Arshad M., Kakar A.H., Durrani F.R., Akhtar A., Niamatullah M. (2012). Economical and immunological impact of ginger (Z. officinale) extract on broiler chicks. Pak. J. Sci., 64: 46-48.]Search in Google Scholar
[Asgari F., Madjd Z., Falak R., Bahar M.A., Nasrabadi M.H., Raiani M., Shekarabi M. (2016). Probiotic feeding affects Tcell populations in blood and lymphoid organs in chickens. Beneficial Microbes, pp. 1-8.]Search in Google Scholar
[Avato P., Bucci R., Tava A., Rosato A., Bialy Z., Jurzysta M. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of saponins from Medicago sp.: structure-activity relationship. Phytoter. Res., 20:454-457.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bai S.P., Wu A.M., Ding X.M., Lei Y., Bai J., Zhang K.Y., Chio J.S. (2013). Effects of probiotic- supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 92: 663-670.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bakht J., Khan S., Shafi M. (2013). Antimicrobial potentials of fresh Allium cepa against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. Pak. J. Bot, 45(S1): 1-6.]Search in Google Scholar
[Balch P., Balch J. (2000). Prescription for Nutritional Healing. 3rd ed., Avery Publishing: Penguin Putnam. Inc: New York.]Search in Google Scholar
[Baurhoo B., Ferket P.R., Zhao X. (2009). Effect of diets containing different concentrations of mannanoligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations and carcass parameters of broilers. Poult. Sci., 88: 2262-2272.]Search in Google Scholar
[Böhmer B.M., Salisch H., Paulicks B.R., Roth F.X. (2009). Echinacea purpurea asapotential immunostimulatory feed additive in laying hens and fattening pigs by intermittent application. Livest. Sci., 122: 81-85.]Search in Google Scholar
[Brisbin J.T., Joshua G., Payvand P., Shayan S. (2010). Effects of Lactobacilli on cytokine expression by chicken spleen and cecal tonsil cells. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 17: 1337-1343.]Search in Google Scholar
[Broderick T.J., Duong T. (2016). Mechanisms of lactobacillus persistence and colonization in thegastrointestinal tract of poultry,areview. Int. J. Probiotics Prebiotics, 11: 15-28.]Search in Google Scholar
[Brümmer M., Jansenvan R.C., Moran C.A. (2010). Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall products: The effects on gut morphology and performance of broiler chickens. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 40:14-21.]Search in Google Scholar
[Butler J.E., Sinkora M. (2013). The enigma of the lower gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). J. Leukocyte. Biol., 94: 259-270.]Search in Google Scholar
[Chavali S.R., Campbell J.B. (1987). Immunomodulatory effects of orally-administered saponins and nonspecific resistance against rabies infection. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 84: 129-134.]Search in Google Scholar
[Che T.M. (2010). Effects of mannan oligosaccharide on immune function and disease resistance in pigs. Doctoral dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.]Search in Google Scholar
[Che T.M., Song M., Liu Y., Johnson R.W., Kelley K.W., Van Alstine W.G., Dawson K.A., Pettigrew J.E. (2012). Mannan oligosaccharide increases serum concentrations of antibodies and inflammatory mediators in weanling pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J. Anim. Sci., 90: 2784-2793.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cheng G., Hao H., Xie S., Wang X., Dai M., Huang L., Yuan Z. (2014). Antibiotic alternatives: the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry? Front. Microbiol., 5: 69-83.]Search in Google Scholar
[Czech A., Kowalczuk E., Grela E. (2009). The effect ofaherbal extract used in pig fattening on the animals’ performance and blood components. Ann. UMCS, XXVII, EE: 25-32.]Search in Google Scholar
[Daka D. (2013). Antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphyloccus aureus: An in vitro study. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10: 666-669.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dehkordi S.H., Fallah V., Dehkordi S.H. (2011). Enhancement of broiler performance and immune response by Echinacea purpurea supplemented in diet. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10: 11280-11286.]Search in Google Scholar
[Deng J., Li Y., Zhang J., Yang Q. (2013). Co-administration of Bacillus subtilis RJGP16 and Lactobacillus salivarius B1 strongly enhances the intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets. Res. Vet. Sci., 94: 62-68.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dong X.F., Gao W.W., Tong J.M., Jia H.Q., Sa R.N., Zhang Q. (2007). Effect of polysavone (alfalfa extract) on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. Poul. Sci., 86:1955-1959.]Search in Google Scholar
[Duan X.D., Chen D.W., Zheng P., Tian G., Wang J.P., Mao X.B., Yu J., He J., Li B., Huang Z.Q., Ao Z.G., Yu B. (2016). Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on performance and immune response of sows and their offspring. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 218: 17-25.]Search in Google Scholar
[Elagib H.A.A., El - Amin W.I.A., Elamin K.M., Malik H.E.E. (2013). Effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation as feed additive on broiler performance and blood profile. J. Anim. Sci. Adv., 3: 58-64.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fallah R., Rezaei H. (2013). Effect of dietary prebiotic and acidifier supplementation on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum biochemical parameters of broilers. J. Cell Anim. Biol., 7: 21-24.]Search in Google Scholar
[FAO/WHO (2001). Evaluation of health and nutritional properties of powder milk and live lactic acid bacteria.]Search in Google Scholar
[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization Expert Consultation Report, Reid G., Stanton C., Araya M., Gilliland P.S.E., Gopal R., et al. (eds). http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/fs_management/en/probiotics.pdf.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fasinu P.S., Bouic P.J, Rosenkranz B. (2012). An overview of the evidence and mechanisms of herb-drug interactions. Front. Pharmacol., 3: 69.]Search in Google Scholar
[Frankic T., Voljg M., Salobir J., Rezar V. (2009). Use of herbs and spices and their extracts in animal nutrition. Acta Agric. Slov., 92: 95-102.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gautam R.K., Garg A.P. (2013). Drug resistance and antifungal activity of garlic and neem extracts on Candida spp. isolates from HIV-infected patients. Int. J. Adv. Pharm. Res, 4: 1426-1433.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gibson G.R. (1998). Dietary modulation of the human gut microflora using prebiotics. Br. J. Nutr., 80: 209-212.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gómez- Verduzco G., Cortes - Cuevas A., Lopez- Coello C., Avila- Gonzalez E., Nava G. M. (2009). Dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide enhances neonatal immune responses in chickens during natural exposure to Eimeria spp. Acta Vet. Scand., 51: 1-7.]Search in Google Scholar
[Grashorn M.A. (2010) Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition an alternative to infeed antibiotics. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 19: 338-347.]Search in Google Scholar
[Grela E.R., Krasucki W., Semeniuk V., Pecka S., Matras J. (2001). Influence of some immunomodulation additives to growing-finishing diets on pig performance, carcass traits and some blood indices. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 10 (Supp.2): 231-236.]Search in Google Scholar
[Grela E.R., Semeniuk V., Czech A. (2006). Efficacy of fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides in piglet diets. Vet. Med.-Sci. Pract., 62: 762-765.]Search in Google Scholar
[Grela E.R., Pietrzak K., Sobolewska S., Witkowski P. (2013). Effect of inulin and garlic supplementation in pig diets. Ann. Anim. Sci., 13: 63-71.]Search in Google Scholar
[Grela E.R., Sobolewska S., Kowalczuk- Vasilev E., Krasucki W. (2014). Effect of dietary inulin source on piglet performance, immunoglobulin concentration, and plasma lipid profile. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 58: 453-458.]Search in Google Scholar
[Han K.H., Kobayashi Y., Nakamura Y., Shimada K.I., Aritsuka T., Ohba K., Fukushima M. (2014). Comparison of the effects of longer chain inulins with different degrees of polymerization on colonic fermentation inamixed culture of swine fecal bacteria. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 60: 206-212.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hanieh H., Narabara K., Piao M., Gerile C., Abe A., Kondo Y. (2010). Modulatory effects of two levels of dietary Alliums on immune response and certain immunological variables, following immunization, in White Leghorn chickens. Anim. Sci. J., 81: 673-680.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hashemi S.R., Davoodi H. (2011). Herbal plants and their derivatives as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition. Vet. Res. Commun., 35: 169-180.]Search in Google Scholar
[Higgins S.E., Higgins J.P., Wolfenden A.D., Henderson S.N., Torres - Rodriguez A., Tellez G., Hargis B. (2008). Evaluation ofa Lactobacillus-based probiotic culture for the reduction of Salmonella enteritidis in neonatal broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 87: 27-31.]Search in Google Scholar
[Huang Q., Wei Y., Lv Y., Wang Y., Hu T. (2015). Effect of dietary inulin supplements on growth performance and intestinal immunological parameters of broiler chickens. Livest. Sci., 180:172-176.]Search in Google Scholar
[Huyghebaert G., Ducatelle R., Van Immerseel F. (2011). An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Vet. J., 187: 182-188.]Search in Google Scholar
[Iranparast F., Parsaei S., Houshmand M., Naghiha A. (2014). The effect of oral consumption of guggul (Commiphora mukul) resin on performance and humoral immunity response of broilers. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res., 2: 802-810.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jacobs C.M., Parsons C.M. (2009). The effect of Grobiotic-Pcombined with yeast cell wall and gluconic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poult. Sci., 88: 2360-2367.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jayaraman S., Thangavel G., Kurian H., Mani R., Mukkalil R., Chirakkal H. (2013). Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. Poultry Sci., 92: 370-374.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jiang H. (2015). Roles of carbohydrates extracted from Flammulina velutipes mushroom as nutraceuticals in the development of monogastric animals: A Review. Int. J. Agric. Res. Rev., 3: 406-410.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kavyani A., Zare Shahne A., Por Reza J., Jalali Haji -abadi S.M.A., Landy N. (2012). Evaluation of dried powder of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass traits and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens. J. Med. Plants. Res., 6: 94-100.]Search in Google Scholar
[Khan S.H., Anjum M.A., Parveen A., Khawaja T., Ashraf N.M. (2013). Effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) on performance and immune system in newly evolved crossbred laying hens. Vet. Quart., 33: 13-19.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Al - Yasiry A.R.M., Kowalczyk- Pecka D. (2016 a). Effect of Boswellia serrata dietary supplementation on growth performance, gastrointestinal microflora, and morphology of broilers. Ann. Anim. Sci., 16: 835-849.10.1515/aoas-2016-0007]Search in Google Scholar
[Kiczorowska B., Al - Yasiry A.R.M., Samolińska W., Pyzik E., Marek A. (2016 b). The effect of dietary supplementation of the broiler chicken diet with Boswellia serrata resin on growth performance, digestibility, and gastrointestinal characteristics, morphology, and microbiota. Livest. Sci., 191: 117-124.10.1016/j.livsci.2016.07.019]Search in Google Scholar
[Kim G.B., Seo Y.M., Kim C.H., Paik I.K. (2011). Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. Poult. Sci., 90: 5-82.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kuhn G., Ender K., Thomann R., Tuchscherer M., Tuchscherer A., Stabenow B., Krüger M., Schr ödl W. (2005). Einsatz von Echinacea-extrakt bei tragenden und säugenden. Sauen. Arch. Tierzucht., 48: 270-282.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kumar M., Kumar V., Roy D., Kushwaha R., Vaiswani S. (2014). Application of herbal feed additives in animal nutrition -areview. Int. J. Livest. Res., 4: 1-8.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lähteinen T., Lindholm A., Rinttilä T., Junnikkala S., Kant R., Pietilä T.E., Levonenc K.,von Ossowskia I., Solano - Aguilarb G., Jakava - Viljanenc M., Palva A. (2014). Effect of Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287 asafeeding supplement on the performance and immune function of piglets. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 158: 14-25.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lee S.D., Kim J.H., Jung H.J., Kim Y.H., Kim I.C., Kim S.B., Lim S.Y., Jung W.S., Lee S.-H., Kim Y.J. (2013). The effect of ginger extracts on the antioxidant capacity and Ig G concentrations in the colostrum and plasma of neo-born piglets and sows. Livest. Sci., 154: 117-122.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lerner S.P. (2015). Compositions and methods for reducing infection in poultry. U.S. Patent Application No. 14/973,034.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lindberg J.E. (2014). Fiber effects in nutrition and gut health in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 5: 1-15.]Search in Google Scholar
[Liu Y., Song M., Che T.M., Almeida J.A.S., Lee J.J., Bravo D., Maddox C.W., Pettigrew J.E. (2013). Dietary plant extracts alleviate diarrhea and alter immune responses of weaned pigs experimentally infected withapathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Anim. Sci., 91: 5294-5306.]Search in Google Scholar
[Liu Y., Song M., Che T.M., Bravo D., Maddox C.W., Pettigrew J.E. (2014). Effects of capsicum oleoresin, garlic botanical, and turmeric oleoresin on gene expression profile of ileal mucosa in weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 92: 3426-3440.]Search in Google Scholar
[Macfarlane G.T., Cummings J.H. (1999). Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health? West. J. Me., 171: 187-191.]Search in Google Scholar
[Madej J.P., Bednarczyk M. (2015). Effect of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on the morphology and specific immune cell composition in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Poult. Sci., 94: 1209-1219.]Search in Google Scholar
[Maharaj I., Froh K.J., Campbell J.B. (1986). Immune responses of mice to inactivated rabies vaccine administered orally: potentiation by Quillaja saponin. Can. J. Microbiol., 32: 414-420.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mahmood S., Mushtaq- Ul - Hassan M., Alam M., Ahmad F. (2009). Comparative efficacy of Nigella sativa and Allium sativum as growth promoters in broilers. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 11: 775-778.]Search in Google Scholar
[Manning T.S., Gibson G.R. (2004). Microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. Prebiotics. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol., 18: 287-298.]Search in Google Scholar
[Munoz M., Mosquera A., Almeciga - Diaz C.J., Melendez A.P., Sanchez O.F. (2012). Fructooligosaccharides metabolism and effect on bacteriocin production in Lactobacillus strains isolated from ensiled corn and molasses. Anaerobe, 18: 321-330.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nabizade A. (2012). The effect of inulin on broiler chicken intestinal microflora, gut morphology, and performance. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 21: 725-734.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ng S.C., Hart A.L., Kamm M.A., Stagg A.J., Knight S.C. (2009). Mechanisms of action of probiotics: Recent advances. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 15: 300-310.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nikpiran H., Taghavi M., Khodadadi A., Athari S.S. (2013). Influence of probiotic and prebiotic on broiler chickens performance and immune status. JNAS, 2: 256-259.]Search in Google Scholar
[Patterson J.A. (2005). Prebiotic feed additives: rationale and use in pigs. Adv. Pork Prod., 16: 149-159.]Search in Google Scholar
[Perry B.D., Grace D., Sones K. (2013). Current drivers and future directions of global livestock disease dynamics. P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110: 20871-20877.]Search in Google Scholar
[Pietrzak K., Grela E.R. (2015). Influence of alfalfa protein concentrate dietary supplementation on blood parameters of growing-finishing pigs. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 59: 393-399.]Search in Google Scholar
[Pourali M., Mirghelenj S.A., Kermanshahi H. (2010). Effects of garlic powder on productive performance and immune response of broiler chickens challenged with Newcastle Disease virus. Glob. Vet., 4: 616-621.]Search in Google Scholar
[Puvača N., Stanaćev V., Glamočić D., Lević J., Perić L., Stanaćev V., Milić D. (2013). Beneficial effects of phytoadditives in broiler nutrition. World Poultry Sci. J., 69: 27-34.]Search in Google Scholar
[Radwan N., Hassan R.A., Qota E.M., Fayek H.M. (2008). Effect of natural antioxidant on oxidative stability of eggs and productive and reproductive performance of laying hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 134-150.]Search in Google Scholar
[Rajput I.R., Li L.Y., Xin X., Wu B.B., Juan Z.L., Cui Z.W., Li W.F. (2013). Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 on intestinal ultrastructure modulation and mucosal immunity development mechanism in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 92: 956-965.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ramirez- Farias C., Slezak K., Fuller Z., Duncan A., Holtrop G., Louis P. (2009). Effect of inulin on the human gut microbiota: Stimulation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Brit. J. Nutr., 101: 541-550.]Search in Google Scholar
[Reid G. (2016). Probiotics: definition, scope and mechanisms of action. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol., 30: 17-25.]Search in Google Scholar
[Roberfroid M.B. (2007). Inulin-type fructans: functional food ingredients. J. Nutr., 137(11Suppl): 2493s-2502s.]Search in Google Scholar
[Roberfroid M., Gibson G.R., Hoyles L., Mc Cartney A.L., Rastall R., Rowland I., Wolvers D., Watzl B., Szajewska H., Stahl B., Guarner F., Respondek F., Whelan K.,Coxam V., Davicco M.J., Leotoing L., Wittrant Y., Delzenne N.M., Cani P.D., Neyrinck A.M., Meheust A. (2010). Prebiotic effects of metabolic and health benefits. Br. J. Nutr., 104: 1-63.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ruiz R., Peinado M.J., Aranda - Olmedo I., Abecia L., Su árez- Pereira E., Ortiz Mellet C., Fern ández J.M.G., Rubio L.A. (2015). Effects of feed additives on ileal mucosa-associated microbiota composition of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci., 93: 3410-3420.]Search in Google Scholar
[Salah R.B., Trabelsi I., Mansour R.B., Lassoued S., Chouayekh H., Bejar S. (2012). Anew Lactobacillus plantarum strain, TN8, from the gastro intestinal tract of poultry induces high cytokine production. Anaerobe, 18: 436-444.]Search in Google Scholar
[Samolińska W., Grela E.R. (2017). Comparative effects of inulin with different polymerization degrees on growth performance, blood trace minerals, and erythrocyte indices in growing-finishing pigs. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 176: 130-142.]Search in Google Scholar
[Singh D.C., Dhyani S., Kaur G. (2015). Acritical review on guggulu (Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhand.) and its miraculous medicinal uses. Int. J. Ayurveda Pharma. Res., 3: 1-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[Smirnov A., Perez R., Amit - Romach E., Sklan D., Uni Z. (2005). Mucin dynamics and microbial populations in chicken small intestine are changed by dietary probiotic and antibiotic growth promoter supplementation. J. Nutr., 135: 187-192.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sobolewska S., Samolińska W., Skomiał J., Grela E.R. (2014). Effect of inulin content and extract type on short-chain fatty acid concentration in the large intestine and lipid parameters in fattener blood. Vet. Med.-Sci. Pract., 70: 296-301.]Search in Google Scholar
[Song S.K., Beck B.R., Kim D., Park J., Kim J., Kim H.D., Ringø E. (2014). Prebiotics as immunostimulants in aquaculture:areview. Fish Shellfish Immun., 40: 40-48.]Search in Google Scholar
[Spring P., Wenk C., Connolly A., Kiers A. (2015). Areview of 733 published trials on Bio- Mos®,amannan oligosaccharide, and Actigen®,asecond generation mannose rich fraction, on farm and companion animals. J. Appl. Anim. Nutr., 3: 1-11.]Search in Google Scholar
[Tabatabaei S.N. (2016). Effect of olibanum (Boswellia thurifera) asafeed additive on performance, some blood biochemical and intestinal morphology in broiler chicks. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 6: 130-134.]Search in Google Scholar
[Toghyani M., Toghyani M., Gheisari A., Ghalamkari G., Eghbalsaied S. (2011). Evaluation of cinnamon and garlic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, immune responses, serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chicks. Livest. Sci., 138: 167-173.]Search in Google Scholar
[Uddin M.J., Kaewmala K., Tesfaye D., Tholen E., Looft C., Hoelker M., Karl Schellander K., Cinar M.U. (2013). Expression patterns of porcine Toll-like receptors family set of genes (TLR1-10) in gut-associated lymphoid tissues alter with age. Res. Vet. Sci., 95: 92-102.]Search in Google Scholar
[Van Vuuren S.F. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of South African medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharmacol., 119: 462-472.]Search in Google Scholar
[Vos A.P., M ’ Rabet L., Stahl B., Boehm G., Garssen J. (2007). Immunemodulatory effects and potential working mechanisms of orally applied nondigestible carbohydrates. Crit. Rev. Immunol., 27: 97-140.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wang A., Yu H., Gao X., Li X., Qiao S. (2009). Influence of Lactobacillus fermentum I5007 on the intestinal and systemic immune responses of healthy and E. coli challenged piglets. Anton. Leeuw. J. Microb., 96: 89-98.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wang Y.H. (2007). Effects of alfalfa saponins and alfalfa meal on the production performance and regulation mechanism of weaned piglets and finishing pigs. MS Thesis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wang X., Farnell Y.Z., Peebles E.D., Kiess A.S., Wamsley K.G.S., Zhai W. (2016). Effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and their combination on growth performance, small intestine morphology, and resident Lactobacillus of male broilers. Poult. Sci., 95: 1332-1340.]Search in Google Scholar
[Watzl B., Girrbach S., Roller M. (2005). Inulin, oligofructose and immunomodulation. Brit. J. Nutr., 93: 49-55.]Search in Google Scholar
[Werner C., Schubbert A., Schrödl W., Krüger M., Sundrum A. (2014). Effects of feeding different roughage components to sows in gestation on bacteriological and immunological parameters in colostrum and immune response of piglets. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 68: 29-41.]Search in Google Scholar
[Willis W.L., Wall D.C., Isikhuemhen O.S., Jackson J.N., Ibrahim S.A., Hur S.L., Anike F. (2013). Effect of level and type of mushroom on performance, blood parameters and natural coccidiosis infection in floor-reared broilers. Open Mycol. J., 7: 1-6.]Search in Google Scholar
[Windisch W., Schedle K., Plitzner C., Kroismayr A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J. Anim. Sci., 86: 140-148.]Search in Google Scholar
[Yang Y., Iji P.A., Choct M. (2009). Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Worlds Poult. Sci., 65: 97-114.]Search in Google Scholar
[Yasuda K., Roneker K.R., Miller D.D., Welch R.M., Lei G.X. (2006). Supplemental dietary inulin affects the bioavailability of iron in corn and soybean meal to young pigs. J. Nutr., 136: 3033-3038.]Search in Google Scholar
[Yazdi F.F., Ghalamkari G., Toghiani M., Modaresi M., Landy N. (2014). Anise seed (Pimpinella anisum L.) as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on performance, carcass traits and immune responses in broiler chicks. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis., 4: 447-451.]Search in Google Scholar
[Zhang L., Zhang L., Zeng X., Zhou L., Cao G., Yang C. (2016). Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 7: 1-9.]Search in Google Scholar