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Detection of brain metastases using alternative magnetic resonance imaging sequences: a comparison between SPACE and VIBE sequences

Sutasinee Kongpromsuk
Sutasinee Kongpromsuk
, 
Nantaporn Pitakvej
Nantaporn Pitakvej
, 
Nutchawan Jittapiromsak
Nutchawan Jittapiromsak
 und 
Supada Prakkamakul
Supada Prakkamakul
   | 13. Juli 2020
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Article Category: Brief communication
Online veröffentlicht: 13. Juli 2020
Seitenbereich: 27 - 35
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2020-0005
Schlüsselwörter
© 2020 Sutasinee Kongpromsuk et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

A 58-year-old lung cancer patient with a brain metastasis in the right occipital lobe (white arrow) that was missed by readers on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE on a separate reading. Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) shows higher contrast enhancement compared with axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B).
A 58-year-old lung cancer patient with a brain metastasis in the right occipital lobe (white arrow) that was missed by readers on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE on a separate reading. Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) shows higher contrast enhancement compared with axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B).

Figure 2

A 76-year-old lung cancer patient with a brain metastasis in the right temporal lobe (white arrow) that was missed by readers on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE. Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) and contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B). The degree of enhancement is similar on both sequences. However, this lesion was missed because it located close to a vessel and was mistaken for an incompletely suppressed vascular signal on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A). Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B) clearly distinguishes parenchymal enhancing lesion and adjacent vascular structure.
A 76-year-old lung cancer patient with a brain metastasis in the right temporal lobe (white arrow) that was missed by readers on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE. Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) and contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B). The degree of enhancement is similar on both sequences. However, this lesion was missed because it located close to a vessel and was mistaken for an incompletely suppressed vascular signal on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A). Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B) clearly distinguishes parenchymal enhancing lesion and adjacent vascular structure.

Figure 3

A scatter plot demonstrates correlation between the number of enhancing lesions on 3D T1-weighted SPACE and 3D T1-weighted VIBE. The black line represents the line of identity when y = x. The dotted line represents a trend line which was linearly fitted from the raw data. Note that the trend line lies above the line of identity which reflects a systematic difference between the two sequences.
A scatter plot demonstrates correlation between the number of enhancing lesions on 3D T1-weighted SPACE and 3D T1-weighted VIBE. The black line represents the line of identity when y = x. The dotted line represents a trend line which was linearly fitted from the raw data. Note that the trend line lies above the line of identity which reflects a systematic difference between the two sequences.

Figure 4

The Bland–Altman plot demonstrates higher variability when the number of the enhancing lesions is large. The dotted line shows value of zero.
The Bland–Altman plot demonstrates higher variability when the number of the enhancing lesions is large. The dotted line shows value of zero.

Figure 5

A 60-year-old lung cancer patient with a tiny enhancing lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere (white arrow) that was not visible on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE in head-to-head analysis. Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B) shows a tiny enhancing lesion while contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) shows no visible lesion.
A 60-year-old lung cancer patient with a tiny enhancing lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere (white arrow) that was not visible on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE in head-to-head analysis. Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B) shows a tiny enhancing lesion while contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) shows no visible lesion.

Figure 6

A 53-year-old breast cancer patient with a tiny metastasis in the right frontal lobe (white arrow) that was not visible on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE in head-to-head analysis. Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) shows a tiny enhancing lesion while contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B) shows no visible lesion.
A 53-year-old breast cancer patient with a tiny metastasis in the right frontal lobe (white arrow) that was not visible on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE in head-to-head analysis. Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) shows a tiny enhancing lesion while contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B) shows no visible lesion.

Figure 7

A 62-year-old lung cancer patient with a false-positive lesion in the left temporal lobe (white arrow). Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) and contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B). A false-positive lesion is a partial hyperintensity of a blood vessel which mimics enhancing brain metastasis on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A). The linear hyperintensity continues as a vascular structure on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B).
A 62-year-old lung cancer patient with a false-positive lesion in the left temporal lobe (white arrow). Axial contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A) and contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B). A false-positive lesion is a partial hyperintensity of a blood vessel which mimics enhancing brain metastasis on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted SPACE (A). The linear hyperintensity continues as a vascular structure on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted VIBE (B).

Results of detection of parenchymal enhancing lesions on 3D T1-weighted SPACE and 3D T1-weighted VIBE

ParametersImaging sequence
3D T1-weighted SPACE3D T1-weighted VIBEP
Separate reading
  Total number of enhancing lesions424378
  Median number of enhancing lesions650.008*
  Range1–1221–117
Interquartile range1814
Head-to-head comparison
  Number of truly missed lesions17
  Number of false-positive lesions33
Interobserver reliability
  Intraclass correlation coefficient0.9990.998

Magnetic resonance imaging parameters

Parameters3D T1-weighted SPACE3D T1-weighted VIBE
TR (ms)50020
TE (ms)203.69
Flip angles (degree)Variable12
Reconstructed slice thickness (mm)0.981
Voxel size (mm)0.98 × 0.98 × 0.980.65 × 0.62 × 1.25
Echo-train length35Not applicable
Matrix size256 × 256 × 176320 × 272 (85% of read) × 128 mm (80% of slice per slab)
Field of view250 × 250210 × 171
Partition directionN/AZero-filled with 160 points
Bandwidth (hertz per pixel)621130
Number of acquisition (NEX)11
Acquisition planeSagittalAxial
Acceleration factor22
Fat suppressionNoYes
Acquisition time (min:s)4:474:51
eISSN:
1875-855X
Sprache:
Englisch
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