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Importance of Urban Parks in Psychological Recovery: An Experiment with Young Adults from Poland

AGATA KOBYŁKA

AGATA KOBYŁKA

Department of Tourism and Recreation, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in LublinPoland
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KOBYŁKA, AGATA
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NATALIA KORCZ

NATALIA KORCZ

Department of Geomatics, Forest Research InstituteSękocin Stary, Poland
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KORCZ, NATALIA
  
02. Juli 2025
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Online veröffentlicht: 02. Juli 2025
Seitenbereich: 107 - 119
Eingereicht: 08. Mai 2024
Akzeptiert: 03. Nov. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2025-0012
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© 2025 Agata Kobyłka et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Location of the study site. A – Poland, B – Lublin, C – experimental site (https://www.bdl.lasy.gov.pl/portal/mapy). The red dot indicates the area where the experiment took place.
Location of the study site. A – Poland, B – Lublin, C – experimental site (https://www.bdl.lasy.gov.pl/portal/mapy). The red dot indicates the area where the experiment took place.

Fig. 2.

Research procedure of the experiment. POMS – Profile of Mood States; PANAS – Positive and Negative Affect Scale; ROS – Restorative Outcome Scale; SVS – Subjective Vitality Scale
Research procedure of the experiment. POMS – Profile of Mood States; PANAS – Positive and Negative Affect Scale; ROS – Restorative Outcome Scale; SVS – Subjective Vitality Scale

Fig. 3.

Locations where different parts of the survey took place. First part of the survey – 1, second part of the survey – walking sites of groups A, B and C (https://www.bdl.lasy.gov.pl/portal/mapy).
Locations where different parts of the survey took place. First part of the survey – 1, second part of the survey – walking sites of groups A, B and C (https://www.bdl.lasy.gov.pl/portal/mapy).

Fig. 4.

Photos detailing the experimental site (taken by Natalia Korcz).
Photos detailing the experimental site (taken by Natalia Korcz).

Fig. 5.

PCA – Principal component analysis. A – walk along edge of park; B – walk by fountain; c – walk down city street; PANAS – Positive and Negative Affect Scale; ROS – Restorative Outcome Scale; SVS – Subjective Vitality Scale; TMD – Total Mood Disorder.
PCA – Principal component analysis. A – walk along edge of park; B – walk by fountain; c – walk down city street; PANAS – Positive and Negative Affect Scale; ROS – Restorative Outcome Scale; SVS – Subjective Vitality Scale; TMD – Total Mood Disorder.

Mean and SD of △PANAS measurements and the results of the ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc test_

Measures A – walk along edge of park B – walk by fountain C – walk down city street F p
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
△PANAS positive 0.07 ± 0.78ab 0.34 ± 0.80b –0.28 ± 0.77a 4.84 0.010*
△PANAS negative 0.03 ± 0.74 –0.24 ± 1.00b 0.15 ± 0.85a 1.70 0.188

Measurement of sound levels, light levels and atmospheric pollutant concentrations during the experiment_

Group Time Level Concentration measurement AQI
Sound Light PM1.0 PM2.5 PM10 HCHO TVOc
db lx μg · m−3 μg · m−3 μg · m−3 mg · m−3 mg · m−3
A Before 56 149 18.50 30.70 39.70 0.037 0.098 Excellent
After 62 13,842 24.05 35.50 37.75 0.034 0.154 Good
B Before 56 87 18.54 30.50 39.88 0.024 0.113 Excellent
After 59 9441 19.00 33.00 40.50 0.028 0.129 Excellent
C Before 58 272 18.45 30.30 38.94 0.029 0.137 Excellent
After 83 3330 23.60 41.67 51.00 0.050 0.227 Good

Mean and SD of △ROS and △SVS measurements and the results of the ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc test_

Measures A – walk along edge of park B – walk by fountain C – walk down city street F p
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
△ROS 0.44 ± 1.42a 1.25 ± 1.57a –0.63 ± 1.26b 12.85 0.000*
△SVS 0.55 ± 1.48a 0.94 ± 1.55a –0.64 ± 1.11b 9.81 0.000*

Characteristics of the respondents_

Respondents Percentage (%) Mean age (years)
Group A – walk along edge of city park 33.33 22.81
B – walk by fountain in city park 38.71 21.36
C – walk down city street 27.96 21.96
Gender woman 41.94 21.90
man 58.06 22.09
Total 100.00 22.01

Mean and SD of △POMS scale measurements and the results of the ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc test_

Measures A – walk along edge of park B – walk by fountain C – walk down city street F p
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
△Tension –2.06 ± 6.51a –4.22 ± 9.00a 3.15 ± 8.27b 6.50 0.002*
△Depression –0.65 ± 7.82ab –5.53 ± 15.06a 6.35 ± 11.49b 7.33 0.001*
△Anger –1.26 ± 5.88a –3.94 ± 11.05a 5.46 ± 10.04b 7.86 0.000*
△Fatigue –1.16 ± 5.25ab –4.94 ± 8.17a 3.96 ± 5.90b 13.35 0.000*
△confusion –1.16 ± 4.87ab –3.92 ± 6.57a 1.77 ± 5.56b 7.37 0.001*
△Vigour –2.58 ± 4.94a 4.00 ± 5.95a –5.23 ± 6.76b 20.38 0.000*
△TMD –8.87 ± 31.26a –26.56 ± 47.55a 25.92 ± 36.34b 13.35 0.000*
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