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Periglaciology: Review and Discussion of Modern Concepts and its Relation to the Research in Poland

Wojciech Dobiński
Wojciech Dobiński
   | 07. März 2024
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Online veröffentlicht: 07. März 2024
Seitenbereich: 211 - 233
Eingereicht: 02. Okt. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0013
© 2024 Wojciech Dobiński, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

An example of a relatively flat area where the proglacial zone A – contacts the periglacial zone B. In zone A, the presence of the dead glacial ice of hansbreen is shown. In zone B, the flat terrain allows the development of periglacial relief forms created by the processes of frost sorting (Hornsund, Spitsbergen).
An example of a relatively flat area where the proglacial zone A – contacts the periglacial zone B. In zone A, the presence of the dead glacial ice of hansbreen is shown. In zone B, the flat terrain allows the development of periglacial relief forms created by the processes of frost sorting (Hornsund, Spitsbergen).

Fig. 2.

The periglacial facies and the location of research areas in the work of Łoziński (1912). Left photograph A – blockfield of the holy cross Mountains (Rückens in original) from the original work of Łoziński; right photo B – the current look (2021) of the holy cross (in Polish: Świętokrzyskie) Mountains blockfield (in Polish: gołoborze). A – original map of Łoziński (1912) (adapted by Mroczek (2010) with location of research areas and the border of Pleistocene glaciation. B – contemporary identification of Łoziński’s research areas according to Mroczek (2010). c – Terrain model of the middle mountains of Europe mentioned in the work of Łoziński (1912): 1 – hunsrück, 2 – odenwald, 3 – harz, 4 – Böhmerwald/Šumava, 5 – jeschken/ještěd, 6 – karkonosze, 7 – Stolowe Mountains, 8 – Świętokrzyskie Mountains, 9 – Babia Góra, and 10 – Gorgany.
The periglacial facies and the location of research areas in the work of Łoziński (1912). Left photograph A – blockfield of the holy cross Mountains (Rückens in original) from the original work of Łoziński; right photo B – the current look (2021) of the holy cross (in Polish: Świętokrzyskie) Mountains blockfield (in Polish: gołoborze). A – original map of Łoziński (1912) (adapted by Mroczek (2010) with location of research areas and the border of Pleistocene glaciation. B – contemporary identification of Łoziński’s research areas according to Mroczek (2010). c – Terrain model of the middle mountains of Europe mentioned in the work of Łoziński (1912): 1 – hunsrück, 2 – odenwald, 3 – harz, 4 – Böhmerwald/Šumava, 5 – jeschken/ještěd, 6 – karkonosze, 7 – Stolowe Mountains, 8 – Świętokrzyskie Mountains, 9 – Babia Góra, and 10 – Gorgany.

Fig. 3.

Altitudinal zonation of selected geomorphological phenomena in the Alpine periglacial area of Northern Scandinavia according to Niessen et al. (1992) (with changes). DPZ – lower border of the DPZ. TL, tree line.
Altitudinal zonation of selected geomorphological phenomena in the Alpine periglacial area of Northern Scandinavia according to Niessen et al. (1992) (with changes). DPZ – lower border of the DPZ. TL, tree line.

Fig. 4.

Thermal profile of the ground affected by permafrost. Blue – frozen ground; Pink – cryotic ground, i.e. unfrozen but permanently at negative temperature – the vertical extent of permafrost. White – seasonally (up) or permanently (bottom) unfrozen ground. Note two types of active layers: #1 traditional, based on freezing and thawing, and #2 based on thermal activity/changes, consistent with the permafrost definition (after Dobiński 2020b). This model cannot be applied to latent fossil permafrost.
Thermal profile of the ground affected by permafrost. Blue – frozen ground; Pink – cryotic ground, i.e. unfrozen but permanently at negative temperature – the vertical extent of permafrost. White – seasonally (up) or permanently (bottom) unfrozen ground. Note two types of active layers: #1 traditional, based on freezing and thawing, and #2 based on thermal activity/changes, consistent with the permafrost definition (after Dobiński 2020b). This model cannot be applied to latent fossil permafrost.

Fig. 5.

On the left–hand side photos: A, B – glaciers with high sedimentary yield rate (Pasterze glacier, Eastern Alps, Austria (above)), and Mer de Glace, Mt Blanc Massif, France (below). On the right-hand side photos: c, D – glaciers devoid of morainic material. Glacier des Bossons, Mt Blanc Massif, France (above), and Kebnepakteglaciaren Kebnekaise Massif, Northern Sweden (below). An example of contrasting conditions for the formation of a periglacial/proglacial zone.
On the left–hand side photos: A, B – glaciers with high sedimentary yield rate (Pasterze glacier, Eastern Alps, Austria (above)), and Mer de Glace, Mt Blanc Massif, France (below). On the right-hand side photos: c, D – glaciers devoid of morainic material. Glacier des Bossons, Mt Blanc Massif, France (above), and Kebnepakteglaciaren Kebnekaise Massif, Northern Sweden (below). An example of contrasting conditions for the formation of a periglacial/proglacial zone.

Fig. 6.

The diagram shows in general the basic spatial relationship between the glacial, periglacial, proglacial, and paraglacial environments.
The diagram shows in general the basic spatial relationship between the glacial, periglacial, proglacial, and paraglacial environments.

Fig. 7.

Tatra Mts. A – view from the East to the highest part of the massif, with a.s.l. altitudes marked on the sketch map above. Photo courtesy B. Gądek.
Tatra Mts. A – view from the East to the highest part of the massif, with a.s.l. altitudes marked on the sketch map above. Photo courtesy B. Gądek.

Fig. 8.

Suwałki region, General location of the relict permafrost drill hole Udryń PIG1. View on the postglacial landscape. Photos courtesy J. Nawrocki.
Suwałki region, General location of the relict permafrost drill hole Udryń PIG1. View on the postglacial landscape. Photos courtesy J. Nawrocki.

Fig. 9.

Conceptual, simplified profile of relict permafrost located in northern Poland (Suwałki region) as an analogue of the general permafrost profile shown in Figure 4.
Conceptual, simplified profile of relict permafrost located in northern Poland (Suwałki region) as an analogue of the general permafrost profile shown in Figure 4.
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