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Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Susceptibility Zonation in Parts of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Adil Ahmad Magray

Adil Ahmad Magray

Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh UniversityMohali, India
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Magray, Adil Ahmad
, 
Kanwarpreet Singh

Kanwarpreet Singh

Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh UniversityMohali, India
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Singh, Kanwarpreet
 und 
Swati Sharma

Swati Sharma

Department Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Amity UniversityNoida, India
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Sharma, Swati
  
27. Juni 2023
Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Susceptibility Zonation in Parts of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India's Cover Image
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Online veröffentlicht: 27. Juni 2023
Seitenbereich: 5 - 18
Eingereicht: 04. Dez. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0020
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© 2023 Adil Ahmad Magray et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Study area in Himachal Pradesh, India.
Study area in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Fig. 2.

Thematic layers of causative factors: aspect, curvature, drainage density, lithology, rainfall, lineament density, LULC, slope and soil.
Thematic layers of causative factors: aspect, curvature, drainage density, lithology, rainfall, lineament density, LULC, slope and soil.

Fig. 3.

AHP model based Landslide Hazard Zonation map.
AHP model based Landslide Hazard Zonation map.

Fig. 4.

Certainty Factor Model based Landslide Hazard Zonation map.
Certainty Factor Model based Landslide Hazard Zonation map.

Fig. 5.

Area under curve validation graphs for AHP (a) and CF (b) models.
Area under curve validation graphs for AHP (a) and CF (b) models.

Numerical weights of AHP (CR – consistency ratio)_

Factors comparison –1 –2 –3 –4 –5 –6 –7 –8 –9 –10 Normalised Eigen weight Wk
Slope 1 0.2109
Aspect 0.5 1 0.0672
Curvature 0.33 7 1 0.0996
Land use and land cover 0.2 0.11 0.14 1 0.0368
Lithology 0.14 0.33 0.11 0.17 1 0.0187
Soil 0.11 7 3 9 9 1 0.1631
Drainage density 1 5 5 3 4 3 1 0.1889
Lineament density 0.33 1 7 5 9 0.14 0.2 1 0.1038
Rainfall 0.22 0.14 0.22 3 7 0.33 0.11 0.17 1 0.1065
CR = 0.76
Comparison of factor classes Wik
Slope (°)
(1) 0–<15 1 0.0405
(2) 15–<25 3 1 0.0887
(3) 25–<35 3 3 1 0.1483
(4) 35–<45 5 3 3 1 0.2393
(5) >45 7 5 5 7 1 0.4829
CR = 0.079
Aspect
(1) Flat 1 0.0423
(2) North 2 1 0.0615
(3) Northeast 0.32 0.2 1 0.0189
(4) East 0.15 0.5 0.33 1 0.0256
(5) Southeast 1 3 5 5 1 0.0852
(6) South 3 5 7 3 5 1 0.2469
(7) Southwest 5 2 7 5 7 0.15 1 0.1552
(8) West 0.2 0.13 1 0.33 0 0.5 0.11 1 0.0145
(9) Northwest 1 0.5 9 5 1 0.11 0.33 3 1 0.0642
(10) North 7 5 7 7 3 1 5 7 9 1 0.2623
CR = 0.89
LULC
(1) Thickly vegetated forest area 1 0.0681
(2) Populated flat land 2 1 0.0864
(3) Less vegetated area 2 2 1 0.1116
(4) Moderately vegetated area 3 3 4 1 0.2131
(5) Barren land 2 4 2 2 1 0.2081
(6) Water body 3 3 3 3 3 1 0.3187
CR = 0.87
Curvature
(1) Concave 1 0.6763
(2) Flat 0.13 1 0.0728
(3) Convex 0.34 4 1 0.2507
CR = 0.032
Drainage density
(1) Low 1 0.5644
(2) Medium 0.5 1 0.549
(3) High 0.33 0.33 1 0.3011
CR = 0.05
Soil
(1) Coarse loamy 1 0.0854
(2) Fine loamy 1 1 0.1357
(3) Loamy sand 3 3 1 0.2568
(4) Loamy soil 9 2 3 1 0.5219
CR = 0.07
Lithology
(1) Quartzite 1 0.0137
(2) Shale 3 1 0.0284
(3) Siltstone, sandstone 0.5 0.33 1 0.0254
(4) Greywacke 0.2 0.14 0.2 1 0.0692
(5) Limestone 0.33 0.13 0.12 1 1 0.0403
(6) Lenticles of limestone 0.33 0.13 0.33 2 1 1 0.0327
(7) Quartzite 2 7 9 7 3 7 1 0.0668
(8) Shale, dolomite, tuff with dolerite 0.12 0.33 0.5 7 3 3 0.14 1 7 0.0471
CR = 0.097
Rainfall (mm)
(1) 60–234 1 0.0129
(2) 234–437 3 1 0.0156
(3) 437–611 0.33 0.5 1 0.0453
(4) 611–745 0.12 0.14 0.5 1 0.0529
(5) 745–854 0.5 9 0.14 7 1 0.0987
CR = 0.073
Lineament density
(1) Low 1 0.0399
(2) Medium 2 1 0.0632
(3) High 3 3 1 0.0746

Numerical weights of certainty factor (CF)_

Causative factors Categories Value Cell count Landslide count PPA PPS CF
Aspect Flat 1 22,655 17 0.001 0.0008 –0.11
North 2 22,368 9 0.000 0.0008 –0.52
Northeast 3 18,085 23 0.001 0.0008 0.34
East 4 22,260 32 0.001 0.0008 0.42
Southeast 5 26,489 12 0.000 0.0008 –0.46
South 6 29,490 56 0.002 0.0008 0.56
Southwest 7 31,371 33 0.001 0.0008 0.20
West 8 28,629 4 0.000 0.0008 –0.83
Northwest 9 26,444 20 0.001 0.0008 –0.10
North 10 27,083 8 0.000 0.0008 –0.65
Curvature Concave 1 43,901 27 0.001 0.0008 –0.27
Flat 2 149,442 125 0.001 0.0008 0.00
Convex 3 61,531 62 0.001 0.0008 0.20
Drainage density Low 1 39,566 53 0.001 0.0008 0.37
Medium 2 141,605 116 0.001 0.0008 –0.02
High 3 73,682 45 0.001 0.0008 –0.27
Line density Low 1 78,363 43 0.001 0.0008 0.35
Medium 2 121,167 113 0.001 0.0008 0.10
High 3 54,470 57 0.001 0.0008 0.00
Lithology White-grey quartzite, schist and carbonaceous dolomite 1 76,929 136 0.002 0.0008 0.53
Shale, slate, sandstone, quartzite and conglomerate 2 55,002 14 0.000 0.0008 –0.69
Shale, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate 3 1090 42 0.039 0.0008 0.98
Shale, siltstone, quartzite and greywacke 4 1451 17 0.012 0.0008 0.93
Shale, siltstone and limestone 5 66,064 3 0.000 0.0008
Shale with lenticles of limestone 6 25 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Quartzite 7 499 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Phyllite, quartzite, shale, dolomite and tuff with dolerite 8 1456 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Limestone and dolomitic limestone with shale 9 31,718 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Grey sand, silt and clay 10 6376 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Green, carbonaceous shale, limestone and quartzite 11 816 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Diamictite, shale, quartzite, dolomite 12 2200 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Carbonaceous slate, phyllite, schist, lst. and quartzite 13 437 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Carbonaceous shale, slate and greywacke 14 6464 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Argillaceous limestone, limestone and shale 15 4186 0 0.000 0.0008 –1.00
Soil Coarse loamy 1 13,074 138 0.011 0.0008 0.92
Fine loamy 2 232,569 75 0.000 0.0008 –0.62
Loamy sand 3 506 1 0.002 0.0008 0.58
Loamy 4 8706 0 0.000 0.0000
Slope 0–15° 1 39,010 9 0.000 0.0008 –0.73
15–25° 2 63,822 30 0.000 0.0008 –0.44
25–35° 3 71,048 51 0.001 0.0008 –0.15
35–45° 4 57,153 62 0.001 0.0008 0.23
>45° 5 23,841 62 0.003 0.0008
Rainfall 60–234 mm 1 32,135 138 0.004 0.0002 0.96
234–437 mm 2 25,246 38 0.002 0.0002 0.87
437–611 mm 3 32,912 34 0.001 0.0002 0.81
611–745 mm 4 137,645 3 0.000 0.0002 –7.84
745–854 mm 5 878,021 0 0.000 0.0002 –1.00
LULC Ag 1 10,952 152 0.014 0.0008 0.94
BL 2 66,546 16 0.000 0.0008 –0.71
FA 3 116,814 11 0.000 0.0008 –7.88
LFA 4 38,384 13 0.000 0.0008 –0.59
RA 5 17,666 2 0.000 0.0008 –0.86
WB 6 4534 19 0.004 0.0008 0.80
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