Diabetes mellitus in patients using psychotropic medications: How does it work?*

[1] Al-Atram A.A.: A review of the bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disorders and diabetes mellitus. Neurosciences, 2018; 23: 91–96 Al-AtramA.A. A review of the bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disorders and diabetes mellitus Neurosciences 2018 23 91 96 10.17712/nsj.2018.2.20170132801544929664448 Search in Google Scholar

[2] Al-Janabi I., Arranz M.J., Blakemore A.I., Saiz P.A., Susce M.T., Glaser P.E., Clark D., de Leon J.: Association study of serotonergic gene variants with antipsychotic-induced adverse reactions. Psychiatr. Genet., 2009; 19: 305–311 Al-JanabiI. ArranzM.J. BlakemoreA.I. SaizP.A. SusceM.T. GlaserP.E. ClarkD. de LeonJ. Association study of serotonergic gene variants with antipsychotic-induced adverse reactions Psychiatr. Genet. 2009 19 305 311 10.1097/YPG.0b013e3283328dcd19829168 Search in Google Scholar

[3] American Diabetes Association: 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2020. Diabetes Care, 2020; 43: S14–S31 American Diabetes Association 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2020 Diabetes Care 2020 43 S14 S31 10.2337/dc20-S00231862745 Search in Google Scholar

[4] Aprahamian I., Santos F.S., dos Santos B., Talib L., Diniz B.S., Radanovic M., Gattaz W.F., Forlenza O.V.: Long-term, low-dose lithium treatment does not impair renal function in the elderly: A 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial followed by single-blind extension. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2014; 75: e672–e678 AprahamianI. SantosF.S. dos SantosB. TalibL. DinizB.S. RadanovicM. GattazW.F. ForlenzaO.V. Long-term, low-dose lithium treatment does not impair renal function in the elderly: A 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial followed by single-blind extension J. Clin. Psychiatry 2014 75 e672 e678 10.4088/JCP.13m0874125093483 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Best L., Yates A.P., Reynolds G.P.: Actions of antipsychotic drugs on pancreatic β-cell function: Contrasting effects of clozapine and haloperidol. J. Psychopharmacol., 2005; 19: 597–601 BestL. YatesA.P. ReynoldsG.P. Actions of antipsychotic drugs on pancreatic β-cell function: Contrasting effects of clozapine and haloperidol J. Psychopharmacol. 2005 19 597 601 10.1177/026988110505664116272180 Search in Google Scholar

[6] Blonde L., Kan H.J., Gutterman E.M., L’Italien G.J., Kim M.S., Hanssens L., McQuade R.D.: Predicted risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease in patients with schizophrenia: Aripiprazole versus standard of care. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2008; 69: 741–748 BlondeL. KanH.J. GuttermanE.M. L’ItalienG.J. KimM.S. HanssensL. McQuadeR.D. Predicted risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease in patients with schizophrenia: Aripiprazole versus standard of care J. Clin. Psychiatry 2008 69 741 748 10.4088/JCP.v69n050718435564 Search in Google Scholar

[7] Burcu M., Zito J.M., Safer D.J., Magder L.S., dosReis S., Shaya F.T., Rosenthal G.L.: Concomitant use of atypical antipsychotics with other psychotropic medication classes and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2017; 56: 642–651 BurcuM. ZitoJ.M. SaferD.J. MagderL.S. dosReisS. ShayaF.T. RosenthalG.L. Concomitant use of atypical antipsychotics with other psychotropic medication classes and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2017 56 642 651 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.04.00428735693 Search in Google Scholar

[8] Burghardt K.J., Seyoum B., Mallisho A., Burghardt P.R., Kowluru R.A., Yi Z.: Atypical antipsychotics, insulin resistance and weight; a meta-analysis of healthy volunteer studies. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2018; 83: 55–63 BurghardtK.J. SeyoumB. MallishoA. BurghardtP.R. KowluruR.A. YiZ. Atypical antipsychotics, insulin resistance and weight; a meta-analysis of healthy volunteer studies Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 2018 83 55 63 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.004581763329325867 Search in Google Scholar

[9] Chebane L., Tavassoli N., Bagheri H., Montastruc J.L., Centres Régionaux de Pharmacovigilance Français: Drug-induced hyperglycemia: A study in the French pharmacovigilance database. Therapie, 2010; 65: 447–458 ChebaneL. TavassoliN. BagheriH. MontastrucJ.L. Centres Régionaux de Pharmacovigilance Français Drug-induced hyperglycemia: A study in the French pharmacovigilance database Therapie 2010 65 447 458 10.2515/therapie/201005127393246 Search in Google Scholar

[10] Chen J., Huang X.F., Shao R., Chen C., Deng C.: Molecular mechanisms of antipsychotic drug-induced diabetes. Front. Neurosci., 2017; 11: 643 ChenJ. HuangX.F. ShaoR. ChenC. DengC. Molecular mechanisms of antipsychotic drug-induced diabetes Front. Neurosci. 2017 11 643 10.3389/fnins.2017.00643570245629209160 Search in Google Scholar

[11] Clark D., Skrobot O.A., Adebiyi I., Susce M.T., de Leon J., Blakemore A.F., Arranz M.J.: Apolipoprotein-E gene variants associated with cardiovascular risk factors in antipsychotic recipients. Eur. Psychiatry, 2009; 24: 456–463 ClarkD. SkrobotO.A. AdebiyiI. SusceM.T. de LeonJ. BlakemoreA.F. ArranzM.J. Apolipoprotein-E gene variants associated with cardiovascular risk factors in antipsychotic recipients Eur. Psychiatry 2009 24 456 463 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.03.003 Search in Google Scholar

[12] Das-Munshi J., Ashworth M., Dewey M.E., Gaughran F., Hull S., Morgan C., Nazroo J., Petersen I., Schofield P., Stewart R., Thornicroft G., Prince M.J.: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with severe mental illness: Inequalities by ethnicity and age. Cross-sectional analysis of 588 408 records from the UK. Diabet. Med., 2017; 34: 916–924 Das-MunshiJ. AshworthM. DeweyM.E. GaughranF. HullS. MorganC. NazrooJ. PetersenI. SchofieldP. StewartR. ThornicroftG. PrinceM.J. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with severe mental illness: Inequalities by ethnicity and age. Cross-sectional analysis of 588 408 records from the UK Diabet. Med. 2017 34 916 924 10.1111/dme.13298 Search in Google Scholar

[13] De Hert M., Mittoux A., He Y., Peuskens J.: Metabolic parameters in the short- and long-term treatment of schizophrenia with sertindole or risperidone. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 2011; 261: 231–239 De HertM. MittouxA. HeY. PeuskensJ. Metabolic parameters in the short- and long-term treatment of schizophrenia with sertindole or risperidone Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2011 261 231 239 10.1007/s00406-010-0142-x Search in Google Scholar

[14] Erickson S.C., Le L., Zakharyan A., Stockl K.M., Harada A.S., Borson S., Ramsey S.D., Curtis B.: New-onset treatment-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia associated with atypical antipsychotic use in older adults without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 2012; 60: 474–479 EricksonS.C. LeL. ZakharyanA. StocklK.M. HaradaA.S. BorsonS. RamseyS.D. CurtisB. New-onset treatment-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia associated with atypical antipsychotic use in older adults without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2012 60 474 479 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03842.x Search in Google Scholar

[15] Fathallah N., Slim R., Larif S., Hmouda H., Ben Salem C.: Drug-induced hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Drug Saf., 2015; 38: 1153–1168 FathallahN. SlimR. LarifS. HmoudaH. Ben SalemC. Drug-induced hyperglycaemia and diabetes Drug Saf. 2015 38 1153 1168 10.1007/s40264-015-0339-z Search in Google Scholar

[16] Feng S., Melkersson K.: Metabolic parameters and long-term antipsychotic treatment: A comparison between patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett., 2012; 33: 493–498 FengS. MelkerssonK. Metabolic parameters and long-term antipsychotic treatment: A comparison between patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 2012 33 493 498 Search in Google Scholar

[17] Findling R.L., Pathak S., Earley W.R., Liu S., DelBello M.P.: Efficacy and safety of extended-release quetiapine fumarate in youth with bipolar depression: An 8 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2014; 24: 325–335 FindlingR.L. PathakS. EarleyW.R. LiuS. DelBelloM.P. Efficacy and safety of extended-release quetiapine fumarate in youth with bipolar depression: An 8 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 2014 24 325 335 10.1089/cap.2013.0105 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Foley D., Mackinnon A., Morgan V.A., Watts G.F., Castle D.J., Waterreus A., Galletly C.A.: Effect of age, family history of diabetes and antipsychotic drug treatment on risk of diabetes in people with psychosis: A population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet Psychiatry, 2015; 2: 1092–1098 FoleyD. MackinnonA. MorganV.A. WattsG.F. CastleD.J. WaterreusA. GalletlyC.A. Effect of age, family history of diabetes and antipsychotic drug treatment on risk of diabetes in people with psychosis: A population-based cross-sectional study Lancet Psychiatry 2015 2 1092 1098 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00276-X Search in Google Scholar

[19] Foley D.L., Mackinnon A., Morgan V.A., Watts G.F., Castle D.J., Waterreus A., Galletly C.A.: Awareness of pre-diabetes or diabetes and associated factors in people with psychosis. Schizophr. Bull., 2016; 42: 1280–1289 FoleyD.L. MackinnonA. MorganV.A. WattsG.F. CastleD.J. WaterreusA. GalletlyC.A. Awareness of pre-diabetes or diabetes and associated factors in people with psychosis Schizophr. Bull. 2016 42 1280 1289 10.1093/schbul/sbw027498873927150636 Search in Google Scholar

[20] Haleem D.J., Sheikh S., Fawad A., Haleem M.A.: Fasting leptin and glucose in normal weight, over weight and obese men and women diabetes patients with and without clinical depression. Metab. Brain Dis., 2017; 32: 757–764 HaleemD.J. SheikhS. FawadA. HaleemM.A. Fasting leptin and glucose in normal weight, over weight and obese men and women diabetes patients with and without clinical depression Metab. Brain Dis. 2017 32 757 764 10.1007/s11011-017-9964-928197877 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Hardy T.A., Henry R.R., Forrester T.D., Kryzhanovskaya L.A., Campbell G.M., Marks D.M., Mudaliar S.: Impact of olanzapine or risperidone treatment on insulin sensitivity in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Diabetes Obes. Metab., 2011; 13: 726–735 HardyT.A. HenryR.R. ForresterT.D. KryzhanovskayaL.A. CampbellG.M. MarksD.M. MudaliarS. Impact of olanzapine or risperidone treatment on insulin sensitivity in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2011 13 726 735 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01398.x21435142 Search in Google Scholar

[22] Henderson D.C., Cagliero E., Gray C., Nasrallah R.A., Hayden D.L., Schoenfeld D.A., Goff D.C.: Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2000; 157: 975–981 HendersonD.C. CaglieroE. GrayC. NasrallahR.A. HaydenD.L. SchoenfeldD.A. GoffD.C. Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study Am. J. Psychiatry 2000 157 975 981 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.6.97510831479 Search in Google Scholar

[23] Hermida O.G., Fontela T., Ghiglione M., Uttenthal L.O.: Effect of lithium on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Role of glucagon in the hyperglycaemic response. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1994; 111: 861–865 HermidaO.G. FontelaT. GhiglioneM. UttenthalL.O. Effect of lithium on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Role of glucagon in the hyperglycaemic response Br. J. Pharmacol. 1994 111 861 865 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb14817.x19100688019763 Search in Google Scholar

[24] Holt R.I., Mitchell A.J.: Diabetes mellitus and severe mental illness: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol., 2015; 11: 79–89 HoltR.I. MitchellA.J. Diabetes mellitus and severe mental illness: Mechanisms and clinical implications Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2015 11 79 89 10.1038/nrendo.2014.20325445848 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Jain V., Patel R.K., Kapadia Z., Galiveeti S., Banerji M., Hope L.: Drugs and hyperglycemia: A practical guide. Maturitas, 2017; 104: 80–83 JainV. PatelR.K. KapadiaZ. GaliveetiS. BanerjiM. HopeL. Drugs and hyperglycemia: A practical guide Maturitas 2017 104 80 83 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.08.00628923179 Search in Google Scholar

[26] Kharroubi A.T., Darwish H.M.: Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century. World J. Diabetes, 2015; 6: 850–867 KharroubiA.T. DarwishH.M. Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century World J. Diabetes 2015 6 850 867 10.4239/wjd.v6.i6.850447858026131326 Search in Google Scholar

[27] Kopf D., Gilles M., Paslakis G., Medlin F., Lederbogen F., Lehnert H., Deuschle M.: Insulin secretion and sensitivity after single-dose amisulpride, olanzapine or placebo in young male subjects: Double blind, cross-over glucose clamp study. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2012; 45: 223–228 KopfD. GillesM. PaslakisG. MedlinF. LederbogenF. LehnertH. DeuschleM. Insulin secretion and sensitivity after single-dose amisulpride, olanzapine or placebo in young male subjects: Double blind, cross-over glucose clamp study Pharmacopsychiatry 2012 45 223 228 10.1055/s-0031-130136522426845 Search in Google Scholar

[28] Létourneau G., Abdel-Baki A., Dubreucq S., Mahone M., Granger B.: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state associated with ziprasidone treatment: A case report. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2011; 31: 671–673 LétourneauG. Abdel-BakiA. DubreucqS. MahoneM. GrangerB. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state associated with ziprasidone treatment: A case report J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2011 31 671 673 10.1097/JCP.0b013e31822c96b721881458 Search in Google Scholar

[29] Lee H., Song D.H., Kwon J.W., Han E., Chang M.J., Kang H.Y.: Assessing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders treated with atypical antipsychotics: A population-based nested case-control study. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2018; 27: 1321–1334 LeeH. SongD.H. KwonJ.W. HanE. ChangM.J. KangH.Y. Assessing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders treated with atypical antipsychotics: A population-based nested case-control study Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2018 27 1321 1334 10.1007/s00787-018-1123-229460164 Search in Google Scholar

[30] Lieberman J.A., First M.B.: Psychotic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med., 2018; 379: 270–280 LiebermanJ.A. FirstM.B. Psychotic disorders N. Engl. J. Med. 2018 379 270 280 10.1056/NEJMra180149030021088 Search in Google Scholar

[31] Mackin P., Bishop D., Watkinson H.M., Ferrier I.N.: A prospective study of glycaemic status in anti-psychotic-treated patients. J. Psychopharmacol., 2008; 22: 563–566 MackinP. BishopD. WatkinsonH.M. FerrierI.N. A prospective study of glycaemic status in anti-psychotic-treated patients J. Psychopharmacol. 2008 22 563 566 10.1177/026988110708153218208918 Search in Google Scholar

[32] Mamakou V., Hackinger S., Zengini E., Tsompanaki E., Marouli E., Serfatinidis I., Prins B., Karabela A., Glezou E., Southam L., Rayner N.W., Kuchenbaecker K., Lamnissou K., Kontaxakis V., Dedoussis G., et al.: Combination therapy as a potential risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in patients with schizophrenia: The GOMAP study. BMC Psychiatry, 2018; 18: 249 MamakouV. HackingerS. ZenginiE. TsompanakiE. MarouliE. SerfatinidisI. PrinsB. KarabelaA. GlezouE. SouthamL. RaynerN.W. KuchenbaeckerK. LamnissouK. KontaxakisV. DedoussisG. Combination therapy as a potential risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in patients with schizophrenia: The GOMAP study BMC Psychiatry 2018 18 249 10.1186/s12888-018-1826-4609090130071838 Search in Google Scholar

[33] McDonnell D.P., Kryzhanovskaya L.A., Zhao F., Detke H.C., Feldman P.D.: Comparison of metabolic changes in patients with schizophrenia during randomized treatment with intramuscular olanzapine long-acting injection versus oral olanzapine. Hum. Psychopharmacol., 2011; 26: 422–433 McDonnellD.P. KryzhanovskayaL.A. ZhaoF. DetkeH.C. FeldmanP.D. Comparison of metabolic changes in patients with schizophrenia during randomized treatment with intramuscular olanzapine long-acting injection versus oral olanzapine Hum. Psychopharmacol. 2011 26 422 433 10.1002/hup.122521823172 Search in Google Scholar

[34] Melkersson K.I., Scordo M.G., Gunes A., Dahl M.L.: Impact of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms on drug metabolism and on insulin and lipid elevations and insulin resistance in clozapine-treated patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2007; 68: 697–704 MelkerssonK.I. ScordoM.G. GunesA. DahlM.L. Impact of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms on drug metabolism and on insulin and lipid elevations and insulin resistance in clozapine-treated patients J. Clin. Psychiatry 2007 68 697 704 10.4088/JCP.v68n050617503978 Search in Google Scholar

[35] Moreno-Küstner B., Martín C., Pastor L.: Prevalence of psychotic disorders and its association with methodological issues. A systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS One, 2018;13: e0195687 Moreno-KüstnerB. MartínC. PastorL. Prevalence of psychotic disorders and its association with methodological issues. A systematic review and meta-analyses PLoS One 2018 13 e0195687 10.1371/journal.pone.0195687589698729649252 Search in Google Scholar

[36] Nuevo R., Chatterji S., Fraguas D., Verdes E., Naidoo N., Arango C., Ayuso-Mateos J.L.: Increased risk of diabetes mellitus among persons with psychotic symptoms: Results from the WHO World Health Survey. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2011; 72: 1592–1599 NuevoR. ChatterjiS. FraguasD. VerdesE. NaidooN. ArangoC. Ayuso-MateosJ.L. Increased risk of diabetes mellitus among persons with psychotic symptoms: Results from the WHO World Health Survey J. Clin. Psychiatry 2011 72 1592 1599 10.4088/JCP.10m0680122244021 Search in Google Scholar

[37] Pisano S., Coppola G., Catone G., Carotenuto M., Iuliano R., D’Espovito V., Cabaro S., Miraglia Del Giudice E., Bravaccio C., Formisano P.: Differences in metabolic factors between antipsychotic-induced weight gain and non-pharmacological obesity in youths. Clin. Drug Invest., 2018; 38: 457–462 PisanoS. CoppolaG. CatoneG. CarotenutoM. IulianoR. D’EspovitoV. CabaroS. Miraglia Del GiudiceE. BravaccioC. FormisanoP. Differences in metabolic factors between antipsychotic-induced weight gain and non-pharmacological obesity in youths Clin. Drug Invest. 2018 38 457 462 10.1007/s40261-018-0627-329435908 Search in Google Scholar

[38] Ragguett R.M., Hahn M., Messina G., Chieffi S., Monda M., De Luca V.: Association between antipsychotic treatment and leptin levels across multiple psychiatric populations: An updated meta-analysis. Hum. Psychopharmacol., 2017; 32: e2631 RagguettR.M. HahnM. MessinaG. ChieffiS. MondaM. De LucaV. Association between antipsychotic treatment and leptin levels across multiple psychiatric populations: An updated meta-analysis Hum. Psychopharmacol. 2017 32 e2631 10.1002/hup.263128980344 Search in Google Scholar

[39] Saeedi P., Petersohn I., Salpea P., Malanda B., Karuranga S., Unwin N., Colagiuri S., Guariguata L., Motala A.A., Ogurtsova K., Shaw J.E., Bright D., Williams R., IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee: Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract., 2019; 157: 107843 SaeediP. PetersohnI. SalpeaP. MalandaB. KarurangaS. UnwinN. ColagiuriS. GuariguataL. MotalaA.A. OgurtsovaK. ShawJ.E. BrightD. WilliamsR. IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 157 107843 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.10784331518657 Search in Google Scholar

[40] Salvi V., Grua I., Cerveri G., Mencacci C., Barone-Adesi F.: The risk of new-onset diabetes in antidepressant users - A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2017; 12: e0182088 SalviV. GruaI. CerveriG. MencacciC. Barone-AdesiF. The risk of new-onset diabetes in antidepressant users - A systematic review and meta-analysis PLoS One 2017 12 e0182088 10.1371/journal.pone.0182088553627128759599 Search in Google Scholar

[41] Siafis S., Papazisis G.: Detecting a potential safety signal of anti-depressants and type 2 diabetes: A pharmacovigilance-pharmacodynamic study. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2018; 84: 2405–2414 SiafisS. PapazisisG. Detecting a potential safety signal of anti-depressants and type 2 diabetes: A pharmacovigilance-pharmacodynamic study Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2018 84 2405 2414 10.1111/bcp.13699613847729953643 Search in Google Scholar

[42] Srisawasdi P., Vanwong N., Hongkaew Y., Puangpetch A., Vanavanan S., Intachak B., Ngamsamut N., Limsila P., Sukasem C., Kroll M.H.: Impact of risperidone on leptin and insulin in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders. Clin. Biochem., 2017; 50: 678–685 SrisawasdiP. VanwongN. HongkaewY. PuangpetchA. VanavananS. IntachakB. NgamsamutN. LimsilaP. SukasemC. KrollM.H. Impact of risperidone on leptin and insulin in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders Clin. Biochem. 2017 50 678 685 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.02.00328167244 Search in Google Scholar

[43] Stroup T.S., Byerly M.J., Nasrallah H.A., Ray N., Khan A.Y., Lamberti J.S., Glick I.D., Steinbook R.M., McEvoy J.P., Hamer R.M.: Effects of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone to aripiprazole on 10-year coronary heart disease risk and metabolic syndrome status: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Schizoph. Res., 2013; 146: 190–195 StroupT.S. ByerlyM.J. NasrallahH.A. RayN. KhanA.Y. LambertiJ.S. GlickI.D. SteinbookR.M. McEvoyJ.P. HamerR.M. Effects of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone to aripiprazole on 10-year coronary heart disease risk and metabolic syndrome status: Results from a randomized controlled trial Schizoph. Res. 2013 146 190 195 10.1016/j.schres.2013.01.013362280123434503 Search in Google Scholar

[44] Sylvia L.G., Shelton R.C., Kemp D.E., Bernstein E.E., Friedman E.S., Brody B.D., McElroy S.L., Singh V., Tohen M., Bowden C.L., Ketter T.A., Deckersbach T., Thase M.E., Reilly-Harrington N.A., Nierenberg A.A., et al.: Medical burden in bipolar disorder: Findings from the Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness for Bipolar Disorder study (Bipolar CHOICE). Bipolar Disord., 2015; 17: 212–223 SylviaL.G. SheltonR.C. KempD.E. BernsteinE.E. FriedmanE.S. BrodyB.D. McElroyS.L. SinghV. TohenM. BowdenC.L. KetterT.A. DeckersbachT. ThaseM.E. Reilly-HarringtonN.A. NierenbergA.A. Medical burden in bipolar disorder: Findings from the Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness for Bipolar Disorder study (Bipolar CHOICE) Bipolar Disord. 2015 17 212 223 10.1111/bdi.1224325130321 Search in Google Scholar

[45] Taylor D., Young C., Mohamed R., Paton C., Walwyn R.: Undiag-nosed impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus amongst in-patients receiving antipsychotic drugs. J. Psychopharmacol., 2005; 19: 182–186 TaylorD. YoungC. MohamedR. PatonC. WalwynR. Undiag-nosed impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus amongst in-patients receiving antipsychotic drugs J. Psychopharmacol. 2005 19 182 186 10.1177/0269881105049039 Search in Google Scholar

[46] Teff K.L., Rickels M.R., Grudziak J., Fuller C., Nguyen H.L., Rickels K.: Antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance and postprandial hormonal dysregulation independent of weight gain or psychiatric disease. Diabetes, 2013; 62: 3232–3240 TeffK.L. RickelsM.R. GrudziakJ. FullerC. NguyenH.L. RickelsK. Antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance and postprandial hormonal dysregulation independent of weight gain or psychiatric disease Diabetes 2013 62 3232 3240 10.2337/db13-0430 Search in Google Scholar

[47] Vancampfort D., Mitchell A.J., De Hert M., Sienaert P., Probst M., Buys R., Stubbs B.: Type 2 diabetes in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of prevalence estimates and predictors. Depress. Anxiety, 2015; 32: 763–773 VancampfortD. MitchellA.J. De HertM. SienaertP. ProbstM. BuysR. StubbsB. Type 2 diabetes in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of prevalence estimates and predictors Depress. Anxiety 2015 32 763 773 10.1002/da.22387 Search in Google Scholar

[48] van Keulen K., Knol W., Schrijver E.J.M., van Marum R.J., van Strien A.M., Nanayakkara P.W.B.: Prophylactic use of haloperidol and changes in glucose levels in hospitalized older patients. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2018; 38: 51–54 van KeulenK. KnolW. SchrijverE.J.M. van MarumR.J. van StrienA.M. NanayakkaraP.W.B. Prophylactic use of haloperidol and changes in glucose levels in hospitalized older patients J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2018 38 51 54 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000812 Search in Google Scholar

[49] Ward M., Druss B.: The epidemiology of diabetes in psychotic disorders. Lancet Psychiatry, 2015; 2: 431–451 WardM. DrussB. The epidemiology of diabetes in psychotic disorders Lancet Psychiatry 2015 2 431 451 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00007-3 Search in Google Scholar

[50] Weston-Green K., Huang X.F., Deng C.: Second generation antipsychotic-induced type 2 diabetes: A role for the muscarinic M3 receptor. CNS Drugs, 2013; 27: 1069–1080 Weston-GreenK. HuangX.F. DengC. Second generation antipsychotic-induced type 2 diabetes: A role for the muscarinic M3 receptor CNS Drugs 2013 27 1069 1080 10.1007/s40263-013-0115-524114586 Search in Google Scholar

[51] Zhou X., Ren L., Yu Z., Huang X., Li Y., Wang C.: The antipsychotics sulpiride induces fatty liver in rats via phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 at serine 307-mediated adipose tissue insulin resistance. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2018; 345: 66–74 ZhouX. RenL. YuZ. HuangX. LiY. WangC. The antipsychotics sulpiride induces fatty liver in rats via phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 at serine 307-mediated adipose tissue insulin resistance Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2018 345 66 74 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.02329551354 Search in Google Scholar