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The Emergence of Colistin- and Imipenem-Associated Multidrug Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Meat

Benson Chuks Iweriebor
Benson Chuks Iweriebor
, 
Olivia Sochi Egbule
Olivia Sochi Egbule
 and 
Larry C. Obi
Larry C. Obi
   | Dec 06, 2022
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Article Category: Original Paper
Published Online: Dec 06, 2022
Page range: 519 - 528
Received: Jul 15, 2022
Accepted: Sep 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-046
Keywords
© 2022 Benson Chuks Iweriebor et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Agarose gel electrophoresis for Escherichia coli identification. Line M – 100 bp ladder, Line 1 – negative control, Line 2 – E. coli ATCC® 25922™ as a positive control, Lines 3–12 – the 147 bp PCR amplification product for E. coli isolates.
Agarose gel electrophoresis for Escherichia coli identification. Line M – 100 bp ladder, Line 1 – negative control, Line 2 – E. coli ATCC® 25922™ as a positive control, Lines 3–12 – the 147 bp PCR amplification product for E. coli isolates.

Fig. 2

The sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli isolates against antibiotics. AMP – ampicillin, CO10 – colistin sulphate, TS – trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, CXM – cefuroxime, E – erythromycin, C30 – chloramphenicol, IMI – imipenem, GM – gentamycin, T– tetracycline, NOR – norfloxacin, CTX – cefotaxime, CIP – ciprofloxacin, S – susceptible, R – resistant, I – intermediate
The sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli isolates against antibiotics. AMP – ampicillin, CO10 – colistin sulphate, TS – trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, CXM – cefuroxime, E – erythromycin, C30 – chloramphenicol, IMI – imipenem, GM – gentamycin, T– tetracycline, NOR – norfloxacin, CTX – cefotaxime, CIP – ciprofloxacin, S – susceptible, R – resistant, I – intermediate

Fig. 3

Electrophoresis of mrc-1 gene amplification among Escherichia coli isolates. Line 1 – 100 bp ladder, Line 2 – negative control, Line 3–13 – positive isolates
Electrophoresis of mrc-1 gene amplification among Escherichia coli isolates. Line 1 – 100 bp ladder, Line 2 – negative control, Line 3–13 – positive isolates

Fig. 4

Electrophoresis of the ermB gene amplification product (350 bp) in Escherichia coli isolates. Line 1 – 100 bp DNA ladder, Line 2 – negative control, Lines 3–12 – the ermB-resistant E. coli isolates
Electrophoresis of the ermB gene amplification product (350 bp) in Escherichia coli isolates. Line 1 – 100 bp DNA ladder, Line 2 – negative control, Lines 3–12 – the ermB-resistant E. coli isolates

Fig. 5

Gel electrophoresis of the PCR product (690 bp) amplified with blaTEM primers for the detection of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli isolates. Line 1 – DNA ladder, Line 2 – negative control, Lines 3–9 – β-lactam-resistant E. coli isolates
Gel electrophoresis of the PCR product (690 bp) amplified with blaTEM primers for the detection of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli isolates. Line 1 – DNA ladder, Line 2 – negative control, Lines 3–9 – β-lactam-resistant E. coli isolates

Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli.

Shop Location of shop Samples collected Presumptive isolates Positive isolates %
A Open-air market 58 58 28 48.28
B Open-air market 33 31 18 58.06
C Closed store 43 43 8 18.60
D Closed store 42 42 14 33.33
Total 176 174 68 39.08

Antibiotic resistance patterns and the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) of the confirmed E. coli isolates.

MDR phenotype Number of antimicrobials MARI
CTX-T-E 3 0.25
CTX-E-C30 3 0.25
CTX-AMP-E 3 0.25
CTX-CXM-E 3 0.25
TS-GM-E-CO10 4 0.33
CTX-CXM-AMP-E 4 0.33
AMP-T-TS-C30-E 5 0.42
CTX-CXM-T-TS-E 5 0.42
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-E 5 0.42
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-E 5 0.42
CTX-CXM-TS-CO10-E 5 0.42
CTX-TS-E-IMI-CIP 5 0.42
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-E-C30 6 0.50
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-CO10-E 6 0.50
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-E 6 0.50
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-IMI-E 6 0.50
CTX-CXM-AMP-IMI-CO10-E 6 0.50
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-IMI-E 6 0.50
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-C30-GM 6 0.50
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-C30-E 7 0.58
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-IMI-E 6 0.50
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-C30-IMI-E 8 0.66
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-C30-CO10-E 8 0.66
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-C30-GM-CO10 8 0.66
CTX-AMP-T-TS-E-C30-IMI-NOR 8 0.66
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-C30-IMI-CO10-E 9 0.75
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-C30-IMI-GM-CO10-E 9 0.75

Colistin and imipenem resistance patterns among the isolates.

Colistin- and imipenem-resistant isolates (CO10+/IMP+) Colistin-resistant and imipenem-sensitive isolates (CO10+/IMP–) Colistin-sensitive and imipenem-resistant isolates (CO10–/IMP+)
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-C30-IMI-GM-CO10-E CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-C30-GM-CO10 CTX-AMP-T-TS-E-C30-IMI-NOR
CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-C30-IMI-CO10-E CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-C30-CO10-E CTX-CXM-AMP-T-TS-E-C30-IMI-E
CTX-CXM-AMP-IMI-CO10-E TS-GM-E-CO10 CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-IMI-E
CTX-CXM-TS-CO10-E CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-E
CTX-CXM-AMP-TS-CO10-E CTX-TS-E-IMI-CIP
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