Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Patients by Rapid Immunochromatographic Test
, , , , , , and | Sep 02, 2022
About this article
Article Category: Original Paper
Published Online: Sep 02, 2022
Page range: 301 - 307
Received: Mar 31, 2022
Accepted: Jun 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-027
Keywords
© 2022 Po-Chih Chang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Fig. 1
Baseline characteristics and clinical symptoms between patients with category IIIB and category IIIA.
| Characteristic | Category IIIB (n = 119) | Category IIIA (n = 19) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 45.15 ± 11.72 | 39.97 ± 12.16 | 0.077 |
| Symptom duration, month | 23.22 ± 30.89 | 23.21 ± 25.78 | 0.999 |
| Positive for TV | 20 (16.81%) | 9 (47.37%) | |
| Married | 83 (69.75%) | 6 (31.58%) | |
| Smoking | 0.719 | ||
| Never-smoker | 81 (68.07%) | 15 (78.95%) | |
| Current smoker | 33 (27.73%) | 4 (21.05%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 5 (4.20%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Alcohol drinking | 28 (23.53%) | 5 (26.32%) | 0.776 |
| Betel nut chewing | 8 (6.72%) | 0 (0%) | 0.598 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes | 9 (7.56%) | 2 (10.53%) | 0.648 |
| Hypertension | 18 (15.13%) | 3 (15.79%) | 1.000 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 37 (31.09%) | 4 (21.05%) | 0.374 |
| Kidney stone | 5 (4.20%) | 1 (5.26%) | 1.000 |
| Depression/stress | 24 (20.17%) | 6 (31.58%) | 0.367 |
| Digital rectal exam | |||
| Prostate enlargement | 0.254 | ||
| Non-enlarged | 44 (36.97%) | 4 (21.05%) | |
| Mild | 70 (58.82%) | 13 (68.42%) | |
| Moderate | 5 (4.20%) | 2 (10.53%) | |
| Prostate tenderness | 24 (20.17%) | 2 (10.53%) | 0.527 |
| Prostate-specific antigen level, ng/ml | 1.53 ± 1.94 | 1.95 ± 2.26 | 0.485 |
| Any pelvic pain | 115 (96.64%) | 17 (89.47%) | 0.192 |
| Scrotal | 25 (21.01%) | 7 (36.84%) | 0.147 |
| Perineal | 51 (42.86%) | 10 (52.63%) | 0.426 |
| Suprapubic/lower Abdominal | 35 (29.41%) | 5 (26.32%) | 0.782 |
| Inguinal | 16 (13.45%) | 5 (26.32%) | 0.169 |
| Urethral/penile | 36 (30.25%) | 6 (31.58%) | 0.907 |
| Any lower urinary tract symptoms | 75 (63.03%) | 12 (63.16%) | 0.991 |
| Urgency | 8 (6.72%) | 0 (0%) | 0.598 |
| Frequency | 39 (32.77%) | 10 (52.63%) | 0.093 |
| Nocturia | 17 (14.29%) | 1 (5.26%) | 0.466 |
| Incomplete emptying | 24 (20.17%) | 3 (15.79%) | 1.000 |
| Dysuria | 15 (12.61%) | 3 (15.79%) | 0.715 |
| Small stream | 17 (14.29%) | 3 (15.79%) | 1.000 |
| Hesitancy | 15 (12.61%) | 3 (15.79%) | 0.715 |
| Hematospermia | 8 (6.72%) | 2 (10.53%) | 0.628 |
| Total testosterone, ng/ml | 4.26 ± 1.87 | 4.19 ± 1.70 | 0.907 |
| Free testosterone, pg/ml | 9.76 ± 3.69 | 12.83 ± 5.52 | 0.101 |
| Any sexual dysfunction | 54 (45.38%) | 9 (47.37%) | 0.872 |
| Erectile dysfunction | 45 (37.82%) | 7 (36.84%) | 0.935 |
| Premature ejaculation | 18 (15.13%) | 3 (15.79%) | 1.000 |
Baseline characteristics and clinical symptoms between CP/CPPS patients with TV and without TV infection.
| Characteristic | Negative for TV (n = 109) | Positive for TV (n = 29) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 44.58 ± 12.03 | 43.90 ± 11.47 | 0.785 |
| Symptom duration, month | 22.23 ± 31.25 | 26.93 ± 25.78 | 0.458 |
| Married | 70 (64.22%) | 19 (65.52%) | 0.897 |
| Smoking | 0.206 | ||
| Never-smoker | 72 (66.06%) | 24 (82.76%) | |
| Current smoker | 32 (29.36%) | 5 (17.24%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 5 (4.59%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Alcohol drinking | 27 (24.77%) | 6 (20.69%) | 0.647 |
| Betel nut chewing | 8 (7.34%) | 0 (0%) | 0.204 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes | 10 (9.17%) | 1 (3.45%) | 0.458 |
| Hypertension | 17 (15.60%) | 4 (13.79%) | 1.000 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 32 (29.36%) | 9 (31.03%) | 0.861 |
| Kidney stone | 3 (2.75%) | 3 (10.34%) | 0.107 |
| Depression/stress | 22 (20.18%) | 8 (27.59%) | 0.390 |
| Digital rectal exam | |||
| Prostate enlargement | 0.337 | ||
| Non-enlarged | 39 (35.78%) | 9 (31.03%) | |
| Mild | 66 (60.55%) | 17 (58.62%) | |
| Moderate | 4 (3.67%) | 3 (10.34%) | |
| Prostate tenderness | 22 (20.18%) | 4 (13.79%) | 0.434 |
| Prostate-specific antigen level, ng/ml | 1.27 ± 1.22 | 2.57 ± 3.24 | 0.068 |
| Any pelvic pain | 104 (95.41%) | 28 (96.55%) | 0.789 |
| Scrotal | 25 (22.94%) | 7 (24.14%) | 0.892 |
| Perineal | 49 (44.95%) | 12 (41.38%) | 0.730 |
| Suprapubic/lower | 27 (24.77%) | 13 (44.83%) | |
| Abdominal | |||
| Inguinal | 17 (15.60%) | 4 (13.79%) | 1.000 |
| Urethral/penile | 34 (31.19%) | 8 (27.59%) | 0.708 |
| Any lower urinary tract symptoms | 68 (62.39%) | 19 (65.52%) | 0.756 |
| Urgency | 8 (7.34%) | 0 (0%) | 0.204 |
| Frequency | 36 (33.03%) | 13 (44.83%) | 0.238 |
| Nocturia | 15 (13.76%) | 3 (10.34%) | 0.764 |
| Incomplete emptying | 24 (22.02%) | 3 (10.34%) | 0.159 |
| Dysuria | 12 (11.01%) | 6 (20.69%) | 0.213 |
| Small stream | 17 (15.60%) | 3 (10.34%) | 0.568 |
| Hesitancy | 17 (15.60%) | 1 (3.45%) | 0.121 |
| Hematospermia | 4 (3.67%) | 6 (20.69%) | |
| Semen leukocyte > 5/HPF | 4 (3.67%) | 5 (17.24%) | |
| WBC > 10/HPF in post-massage urine | 7 (6.42%) | 5 (17.24%) | 0.129 |
| Inflammatory type (category IIIA) | 10 (9.17%) | 9 (31.03%) | |
| Total testosterone, ng/ml | 4.23 ± 2.01 | 4.32 ± 1.36 | 0.880 |
| Free testosterone, pg/ml | 10.20 ± 4.01 | 10.52 ± 4.61 | 0.837 |
| Any sexual dysfunction | 49 (44.95%) | 14 (48.28%) | 0.750 |
| Erectile dysfunction | 39 (35.78%) | 13 (44.83%) | 0.372 |
| Premature ejaculation | 19 (17.43%) | 2 (6.90%) | 0.245 |