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A Salt-Tolerant Streptomyces paradoxus D2-8 from Rhizosphere Soil of Phragmites communis Augments Soybean Tolerance to Soda Saline-Alkali Stress

Yamei Gao
Yamei Gao
, 
Yiqiang Han
Yiqiang Han
, 
Xin Li
Xin Li
, 
Mingyang Li
Mingyang Li
, 
Chunxu Wang
Chunxu Wang
, 
Zhiwen Li
Zhiwen Li
, 
Yanjie Wang
Yanjie Wang
 and 
Weidong Wang
Weidong Wang
   | Mar 14, 2022
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Article Category: Original Paper
Published Online: Mar 14, 2022
Page range: 43 - 53
Received: Dec 10, 2021
Accepted: Jan 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-006
Keywords
© 2022 Yamei Gao et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

a) Stress tolerance of strain D2-8 in different concentration of salt and b) saline-alkali solutions. SA represents saline and alkaline solution, which contains NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and Na2SO4 (molar ratio 1:1:9:9).
a) Stress tolerance of strain D2-8 in different concentration of salt and b) saline-alkali solutions. SA represents saline and alkaline solution, which contains NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and Na2SO4 (molar ratio 1:1:9:9).

Fig. 2

Morphological characteristics of strain D2-8 observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Morphological characteristics of strain D2-8 observed by scanning electron microscopy.

Fig. 3

Neighbor-joining tree of strain D2-8 and the related species of the genus Streptomyces based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The out-group used was Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvT. The stability of the topology of the phylogenetic tree was assessed by the bootstrap method with 1000 repetitions. Only bootstrap values above 50% (percentages of 1000 replications) are indicated. Scale bar represents 0.01 nucleotide substitutions per site.
Neighbor-joining tree of strain D2-8 and the related species of the genus Streptomyces based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The out-group used was Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvT. The stability of the topology of the phylogenetic tree was assessed by the bootstrap method with 1000 repetitions. Only bootstrap values above 50% (percentages of 1000 replications) are indicated. Scale bar represents 0.01 nucleotide substitutions per site.

Fig. 4

a) The distribution of subsystems of the D2-8 genome annotated through the RAST webserver and b) stress response genes of D2-8 involved in the production and uptake of choline and glycine betaine.
a) The distribution of subsystems of the D2-8 genome annotated through the RAST webserver and b) stress response genes of D2-8 involved in the production and uptake of choline and glycine betaine.

Fig. 5

The growth promotion effect of D2-8 under normal conditions (a, b, c) and saline-alkali stress (d, e, f) on soybean. For a), b), c), control group: water treatment, 108 D2-8: the D2-8 spore concentration of 108 CFU/ml; 107 D2-8: the D2-8 spore concentration of 107 CFU/ml; 106 D2-8: the D2-8 spore concentration of 106 CFU/ml. For d), e), f), control group: normal condition, SA group: saline-alkali stress treatment, SA+D2-8: D2-8 treatment under saline-alkali stress condition; Plants height, roots length, and fresh weight of roots and aboveground were analyzed using unpaired t-tests (n = 15 plants). The symbols * and ** indicate p values 0.05 and 0.01.
The growth promotion effect of D2-8 under normal conditions (a, b, c) and saline-alkali stress (d, e, f) on soybean. For a), b), c), control group: water treatment, 108 D2-8: the D2-8 spore concentration of 108 CFU/ml; 107 D2-8: the D2-8 spore concentration of 107 CFU/ml; 106 D2-8: the D2-8 spore concentration of 106 CFU/ml. For d), e), f), control group: normal condition, SA group: saline-alkali stress treatment, SA+D2-8: D2-8 treatment under saline-alkali stress condition; Plants height, roots length, and fresh weight of roots and aboveground were analyzed using unpaired t-tests (n = 15 plants). The symbols * and ** indicate p values 0.05 and 0.01.

The secondary metabolism substances prediction results of antiSMASH.

Region Type From To Most similar known cluster Similarity
Region 1.1 siderophore 27,766 39,535 desferrioxamin B / desferrioxamine E other 83%
Region 1.2 melanin, lanthipeptide 125,173 149,340 melanin other 80%
Region 23.1 melanin 99,231 109,596 melanin other 57%
Region 1.3 terpene, NRPS 542,592 599,827 SCO-2138 RiPP 85%
Region 8.1 terpene 65,776 90,277 isorenieratene terpene 100%
Region 8.2 terpene 227,330 248,343 albaflavenone terpene 100%
Region 3.1 terpene 232,223 258,904 hopene terpene 92%
Region 9.2 terpene 221,324 243,489 geosmin terpene 100%
Region 17.2 terpene 157,127 178,023 CC-1065 other 24%
Region 28.1 terpene 3,613 24,626 A23187 calcimycin polyketide 10%
Region 31.1 terpene 11,837 32,925 rustmicin polyketide: iterative type I 10%
Region 2.1 ectoine 76,359 86,757 ectoine other 100%
Region 3.2 NRPS 364,532 415,460 coelichelin NRP 100%
Region 36.1 NRPS 1 35,822 (2S,6R)-diamino-(5R,7)-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid NRP 24%
Region 3.4 bacteriocin, lanthipeptide 786,397 813,467 informatipeptin RiPP: lanthipeptide 100%
Region 5.1 PKS-like, butyrolactone 18,668 71,723 ulleungmycin NRP 8%
Region 7.2 LAP, thiopeptide 331,828 365,008 diazepinomicin terpene 7%
Region 3.5 T1PKS, T3PKS 874,824 939,794 alkylresorcinol polyketide 100%
Region 9.4 T1PKS 400,230 434,396 mediomiycin A polyketide 36%
Region 12.1 T1PKS 1 24,057 argimycin PI / argimycin PII / nigrifactin / argimycin PIV / argimycin PV / argimycin PVI / argimycin PIX polyketide: modular type I 21%
Region 17.1 T2PKS 79,071 151,586 spore pigment polyketide 83%
Region 39.1 T2PKS 1 25,935 collinomycin polyketide 72%
Region 33.1 T3PKS 8,168 49,481 germicidin other 100%

Physiological characteristics of strain D2-8.

Characteristic D2-8 Characteristic D2-8 Characteristic D2-8
Carbon source utilization Nitrogen source utilization Melanin formation on peptone-iron agar
Lucose + L-threonine + Cellulose decomposition –
Arabinose + L-tyrosine + Enzymatic activity
Sucrose − L-asparagine + Protease +
Xylose + Alanine + Liquefaction of gelatin +
Inositol + Glycine + Production of H2S +
Mannitol + L-glutaminealanine +
Fructose − L-arginine −
Rhamnose − L-proline +
Raffinose +
Lactose +
D-ribose + + − positive,
D-galactose + − − negative

Plant growth promotion properties of strain D2-8.

Characteristic of D2-8 Value or properties
IAA production 29.1 μg/ml
siderophore production +
organic acids production +
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) production +

Effect of Streptomyces D2-8 on the soybean production in the field experiment.

Treatment Density (Ten thousand/ha) Plant height (cm) Number of effective sections Pod number per plant Grain number per plant 100 grains weight (g) Yield (kg/ha)
D2-8 33.85 ± 0.76* 92.30 ± 4.02 12.40 ± 0.37 25.45 ± 1.75 55.95 ± 1.68 19.51 ± 0.49* 2463.85 ± 56.36**
Control 31.54 ± 1.28 93.95 ± 2.42 11.90 ± 0.35 24.45 ± 0.54 57.60 ± 2.76 18.73 ± 0.29 2327.85 ± 42.46
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