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Luffa cylindrica Immobilized with Aspergillus terreus QMS-1: an Efficient and Cost-Effective Strategy for the Removal of Congo Red using Stirred Tank Reactor

QANDEEL LARAIB
QANDEEL LARAIB
, 
MARYAM SHAFIQUE
MARYAM SHAFIQUE
, 
NUSRAT JABEEN
NUSRAT JABEEN
, 
SEHAR AFSHAN NAZ
SEHAR AFSHAN NAZ
, 
HAFIZ RUB NAWAZ
HAFIZ RUB NAWAZ
, 
BARKAT SOLANGI
BARKAT SOLANGI
, 
ARIF ZUBAIR
ARIF ZUBAIR
 and 
MUHAMMAD SOHAIL
MUHAMMAD SOHAIL
   | Jun 04, 2020
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Article Category: original-paper
Published Online: Jun 04, 2020
Page range: 193 - 203
Received: Feb 01, 2020
Accepted: Apr 19, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2020-022
Keywords
© 2020 Qandeel Laraib et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Effect of agitation and static conditions on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.
Effect of agitation and static conditions on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.

Fig. 2.

Effect of different concentration of dye on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.
Effect of different concentration of dye on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.

Fig. 3.

Effect of carbon sources on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.
Effect of carbon sources on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.

Fig. 4.

Effect of nitrogen sources on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.
Effect of nitrogen sources on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.

Fig. 5.

Effect of pH on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.
Effect of pH on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.

Fig. 6.

Effect of different immobilization supports on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1 in the stirred tank bioreactor.
Effect of different immobilization supports on biodegradation efficiency of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1 in the stirred tank bioreactor.

Fig. 7.

Luffa cylindrica (a) before and (b) after with immobilization of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.
Luffa cylindrica (a) before and (b) after with immobilization of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.

Fig. 8.

SEM micrographs of Luffa cylindrica, a) before and b) after immobilization of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.
SEM micrographs of Luffa cylindrica, a) before and b) after immobilization of Aspergillus terreus QMS-1.

Identification and screening of fungal isolates for biodegradation potential of Congo red.

Funga isolate number The fungi identified Qualitative screening for Congo red dye Quantitative screening for Congo red dye (%)
01 Alternaria sp QMS-1 – –
02 Alternaria sp QMS-2 + 66
03 Aspergillus flavus QMS-1 + 60
04 Aspergillus flavus QMS-2 + 55
05 Aspergillus flavus QMS-3 + 80
06 Aspergillus flavus QMS-4 + 17
07 Aspergillus flavus QMS-5 + 80
08 Aspergillus flavus QMS-6 – –
09 Aspergillus flavus QMS-7 – –
10 Aspergillus flavus QMS-8 + 26
11 Aspergillus flavus QMS-9 + 42
12 Aspergillus flavus QMS-10 + 28
13 Aspergillus niger QMS-1 – –
14 Aspergillus niger QMS-2 + 54
15 Aspergillus niger QMS-3 + 26
16 Aspergillus niger QMS-4 + 53
17 Aspergillus niger QMS-5 + 18
18 Aspergillus niger QMS-6 + 89
19 Aspergillus niger QMS-7 + 54
20 Aspergillus terreus QMS-1 + 92
21 Aspergillus terreus QMS-2 + 35
22 Aspergillus terreus QMS-3 + 12
23 Aspergillus terreus QMS-4 – –
24 Aspergillus terreus QMS-5 + 12
25 Aspergillus terreus QMS-6 + 31
26 Aspergillus terreus QMS-7 + 79
27 Cladosporium sp QMS-1 + 65
28 Cladosporium sp QMS-2 + 66
29 Cladosporium sp QMS-3 + 62
30 Curvularia sp QMS-1 – –
31 Curvularia sp QMS-2 + 56
32 Curvularia sp QMS-3 – –
33 Curularia sp QMS-4 – –
34 Fusarium spQMS-1 + 43
35 Fusarium sp QMS-2 + 66
36 Fusarium sp QMS-3 + 81
37 Helimenthosporium sp QMS-1 + 74
38 Helimenthosporium sp QMS-2 + 62
39 Helimenthosporium sp QMS-3 + 54
40 Mucor sp QMS-1 + 31
41 Mucor sp QMS-2 – –
42 Mucor sp QMS-3 + 62
43 Mucor sp QMS-4 – –
44 Mucor sp QMS-5 – –
45 Mucor sp QMS-6 + 82
46 Penicillium sp QMS-1 _ _
47 Penicillium sp QMS-2 + 43
48 Penicillium sp QMS-3 + 83
49 Penicillium sp QMS-4 + 79
50 Penicillium sp QMS-5 + 65
51 Penicillium sp QMS-6 – –
52 Rhizopus sp QMS-1 + 11
53 Rhizopus spQMS-2 + 25
54 Rhizopus sp QMS-3 – –
55 Rhizopus sp QMS-4 + 56
56 Rhizopus sp QMS-5 + 43
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