Heavy metal content in coral reef-associated fish collected from the central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
| Jul 07, 2022
About this article
Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Jul 07, 2022
Page range: 149 - 157
Received: Sep 20, 2021
Accepted: Feb 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oandhs-2022.2.03
© 2022 Lafi Al Solami, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
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Figure 3
Comparison of concentration of heavy metals in fish collected from the Red Sea and other regions (all values are in μg g-1 wet weight).
| Study area | Sampling year | Sample type | Hg | Cu | Pb | Mn | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jeddah, Central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia | 2019 | muscle | ***-0.005 | 0.137-0.183 | 0.016-0.03 | 0.052-0.064 | present study |
| Jazan, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia | -- | muscle | -- | -- | 0.15-0.38 | 0.07-0.12 | |
| Jeddah, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia | -- | muscle | -- | -- | 1.03-3.40 | -- | |
| Red Sea, Egypt | 2010-2011 | muscle | -- | 0.17-0.77 | 0.21-0.88 | 0.1-0.93 | |
| Red Sea, Egypt | -- | whole fish | -- | -- | 0.05-1.30 | -- | Emra et al. 1993 |
| Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea | -- | whole fish | -- | -- | 4.80 | 1.63 | |
| Gadani ship breaking area, Pakistan, Arabian Sea | -- | muscle | -- | -- | 1.15-4.04 | 1.3-10.59 | |
| Iskenderun Bay, Turkey | 2016 | muscle | 0.019 | -- | 0.096 | 0.149 | |
| Aliaga Bay, Mediterranean Sea | 2014 | muscle | -- | 0.3 | 0.08 | -- | |
| Gaza fishing harbor, Mediterranean Sea | 2013-2014 | muscle | -- | 3.01-17.47 | 0.73-3.24 | 0.26-1.26 | |
| Corsica Island, Mediterranean Sea | 2012 | muscle | -- | 0.349 | 0.084 | 0.072 | |
| Southeast coast of India, Indian Ocean | 2010-2011 | muscle | 0.24 | 4.56 | 0.22 | 0.35 | |
| U.A.E coast, Arabian Gulf | 2018 | whole fish | 0.04-0.18 | 1.2-24 | -- | -- |
List of fish species collected in this study along with size and feeding habits. Feeding behavior and habitat details were retrieved from fishbase (https://www.fishbase.de/search.php).
| Species name | Size (length, cm) | Feeding behavior | habitat |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22.66 ± 1.75 | carnivorous | coral reefs, seagrass | |
| 31.3 ± 0.60 | omnivorous | reefs | |
| 21.6 ± 0.79 | herbivorous | coral reefs, other subtidal hard and soft substrates | |
| 32.6 ± 1.35 | herbivorous | coral reefs | |
| 24.36 ± 0.70 | herbivorous | coral reefs |
One-way ANOVA results for the concentration of copper, lead and manganese in fish samples collected in this study.
| Metal | Source of variation | df | MS | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| between species | 4 | 0.001 | 1.174 0.378 | ||
| copper | within species | 10 | 0.000 | ||
| Total | 14 | ||||
| between species | 4 | 0.000 | 2.948 | 0.075 | |
| lead | within species | 10 | 0.000 | ||
| Total | 14 | ||||
| between species | 4 | 0.000 | 0.851 | 0.524 | |
| manganese | within species | 10 | 0.000 | ||
| Total | 14 | ||||