Is there a relationship between human development and dependence on fisheries?
, and | Jun 28, 2023
About this article
Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Jun 28, 2023
Page range: 245 - 257
Received: Sep 26, 2022
Accepted: Jan 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.2.09
© 2023 Mehmet Fatih Can et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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Three countries that have the highest share of each component in the world ranking according to HDI groups
| Aquaculture Production (%) | Catch Production (%) | |||||||
| Country contribution to world (%) | P % | Country contribution to world (%) | P % | |||||
| LDC | Nigeria (0.26) | Uganda (0.09) | Tanzania (0.01) | 0.42 | Mauritania (1.0) | Nigeria (0.94) | Senegal (0.52) | 5.08 |
| MDC | India (6.36) | Bangladesh (2.16) | Myanmar (1.01) | 10.33 | India (5.71) | Myanmar (2.17) | Bangladesh (1.99) | 15.28 |
| HDC | China (59.54) | Indonesia (13.26) | Vietnam (3.74) | 82.96 | China (15.84) | Indonesia (7.76) | Peru (7.70) | 46.52 |
| VHDC-I | Chile (1.16) | Malaysia (0.35) | Turkey (0.28) | 2.50 | Russia (5.47) | Chile (2.53) | Malaysia (1.56) | 13.30 |
| VHDC-II | Norway (1.22) | Japan (0.93) | USA (0.42) | 3.79 | USA (5.72) | Japan (3.42) | Norway (2.85) | 19.83 |
| Total Fisheries Export (%) | Total Fisheries Import (%) | |||||||
| Country contribution to world (%) | P % | Country contribution to world (%) | P % | |||||
| LDC | Mauritania (1.74) | Senegal (0.56) | Tanzania (0.12) | 2.72 | Nigeria (1.47) | Benin (0.30) | Mozambique (0.26) | 2.69 |
| MDC | India (3.15) | Morocco (1.57) | Myanmar (1.23) | 8.54 | Ghana (1.00) | Morocco (0.28) | Cameroon (0.54) | 3.68 |
| HDC | China (9.33) | Vietnam (3.77) | Peru (3.51) | 27.39 | China (14.63) | Thailand (5.98) | Vietnam (1.53) | 32.31 |
| VHDC-I | Russia (5.11) | Chile (3.04) | Argentina (1.05) | 15.30 | Italy (3.20) | Poland (1.74) | Portugal (1.47) | 16.72 |
| VHDC-II | UK (17.82) | Norway (5.98) | USA (3.46) | 46.04 | USA (8.12) | Japan (6.66) | Spain (4.96) | 44.60 |
| Total Fisheries Export Value (%) | Total Fisheries Import Value (%) | |||||||
| Country contribution to world (%) | P % | Country contribution to world (%) | P % | |||||
| LDC | Mauritania (0.80) | Senegal (0.31) | Tanzania (0.13) | 1.62 | Nigeria (0.55) | Benin (0.07) | Mozambique (0.05) | 0.91 |
| MDC | India (4.28) | Morocco (1.45) | Namibia (0.47) | 8.19 | Ghana (0.19) | Morocco (0.16) | Cameroon (0.16) | 1.27 |
| HDC | China (13.47) | Vietnam (5.50) | Thailand (3.75) | 35.65 | China (9.81) | Thailand (2.69) | Vietnam (1.22) | 19.14 |
| VHDC-I | Chile (4.27) | Russia (3.27) | Poland (1.56) | 16.04 | Italy (4.69) | Poland (1.71) | Portugal (1.70) | 15.38 |
| VHDC-II | Norway (7.40) | USA (3.79) | Netherlands (3.50) | 38.49 | USA (15.80) | Japan (10.37) | Spain (5.70) | 63.30 |
| Fish Consumption per capita/year (kg) | Processed Fish (%) | |||||||
| Fish Consumption (kg) | P % | Country contribution to world (%) | P % | |||||
| LDC | Gambia (27.53) | Sierra L. (26.3) | Senegal (18.09) | 7.76 | Mauritania (1.49) | Nigeria (0.27) | Yemen (0.24) | 2.92 |
| MDC | Kiribati (76.69) | Myanmar (47.32) | Cambodia (42.69) | 16.16 | India (3.65) | Myanmar (1.91) | Morocco (1.21) | 9.57 |
| HDC | Maldives (90.41) | Antique B. (52.54) | Indonesia (44.67) | 27.53 | China (28.70) | Vietnam (4.27) | Thailand (3.85) | 49.76 |
| VHDC-I | Malaysia (57.62) | Portugal (56.84) | Barbados(39.97) | 23.77 | Russia (8.74) | Chile (2.21) | Poland (1.20) | 15.48 |
| VHDC-II | Iceland (90.71) | Honk Kong (70.75) | Norway (51.35) | 24.78 | Japan (5.74) | USA (3.90) | Norway (3.31) | 22.27 |
The components of fisheries context
| Catch Production (tonnes) | Fisheries Export Value (USD) |
| Aquaculture Production (tonnes) | Fisheries Import Value (USD) |
| Total Fisheries Export (tonnes) | Fish Consumption Per capita (kg) |
| Total Fisheries Import (tonnes) | |
| Processed Fisheries products (tonnes) |
Classification of 145 countries according to HDI class ranges (NoC: Number of Countries, and CV: Coefficient of Variation in terms of HDI)
| Group | HDI class range | NoC | CV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Developed Countries (LDC) | HDI < 0.550 | 23 | 8.60 |
| Medium Developed Countries (MDC) | 0.550 ≤ HDI < 0.699 | 24 | 6.85 |
| High Developed Countries (MDC) | 0.699 ≤ HDI < 0.800 | 41 | 3.69 |
| Very High Developed Countries-I (VHDC-I) | 0.80 ≤ HDI < 0.900 | 35 | 3.84 |
| Very High Developed Countries-II (VHDC-II) | HDI ≥ 0.90 | 22 | 1.72 |
Some descriptive statistics (mean, coefficient of variation-CV, percent-P) of fisheries context’s components and their degree of importance (Imp, %) by Human Development Index groups
| Aquaculture Production (tonnes) | Catch Production (tonnes) | |||||||
| Mean | CV % | P % | Imp-% | Mean | CV % | P % | Imp-% | |
| LDC | 20115.24 | 3.13 | 0.42 | 14.00 | 206594.10 | 1.30 | 5.08 | 11.00 |
| MDC | 478127.41 | 3.14 | 10.33 | 14.00 | 595915.90 | 1.95 | 15.28 | 16.00 |
| HDC | 2247422.06 | 4.67 | 82.96 | 13.00 | 1062218.50 | 2.59 | 46.52 | 16.00 |
| VHDC-I | 79255.10 | 2.88 | 2.50 | 9.00 | 355686.00 | 2.68 | 13.30 | 8.00 |
| VHDC-II | 191522.11 | 1.83 | 3.79 | 7.00 | 843966.70 | 1.55 | 19.83 | 8.00 |
| Total Fisheries Export (tonnes) | Total Fisheries Import (tonnes) | |||||||
| Mean | CV % | P % | Imp-% | Mean | CV % | P % | Imp-% | |
| LDC | 53894.96 | 3.14 | 2.72 | 12.00 | 41574.13 | 2.61 | 2.69 | 17.00 |
| MDC | 162050.04 | 2.03 | 8.54 | 16.00 | 54631.96 | 1.50 | 3.68 | 12.00 |
| HDC | 304151.02 | 2.57 | 27.39 | 21.00 | 280627.32 | 3.08 | 32.31 | 10.00 |
| VHDC-I | 199055.60 | 2.24 | 15.30 | 18.00 | 170117.91 | 1.40 | 16.72 | 15.00 |
| VHDC-II | 952896.18 | 1.82 | 46.04 | 9.00 | 721989.27 | 1.09 | 44.60 | 21.00 |
| Total Fisheries Export Value (USD) | Total Fisheries Import Value (USD) | |||||||
| Mean | CV % | P % | Imp-% | Mean | CV % | P % | Imp-% | |
| LDC | 114511.30 | 2.49 | 1.62 | 12.00 | 60152.43 | 2.83 | 0.91 | 14.00 |
| MDC | 553291.40 | 2.62 | 8.19 | 16.00 | 80216.42 | 1.10 | 1.27 | 15.00 |
| HDC | 1410411.00 | 2.70 | 35.65 | 15.00 | 707020.88 | 3.36 | 19.14 | 10.00 |
| VHDC-I | 743286.40 | 1.98 | 16.04 | 12.00 | 665587.63 | 1.96 | 15.38 | 16.00 |
| VHDC-II | 2837831.00 | 1.03 | 38.49 | 12.00 | 4357689.91 | 1.31 | 63.30 | 26.00 |
| Fish Consumption per capita/year (kg) | Processed Fish (kg) | |||||||
| Mean | CV % | P % | Imp-% | Mean | CV % | P % | Imp-% | |
| LDC | 9.39 | 0.76 | 7.76 | 17.00 | 87801.15 | 2.24 | 2.92 | 3.00 |
| MDC | 18.73 | 0.97 | 16.16 | 7.00 | 303317.16 | 1.80 | 9.57 | 4.00 |
| HDC | 18.67 | 0.93 | 27.53 | 12.00 | 1109561.37 | 3.00 | 49.76 | 3.00 |
| VHDC-I | 18.89 | 0.70 | 23.77 | 13.00 | 310780.53 | 3.14 | 15.48 | 9.00 |
| VHDC-II | 31.33 | 0.61 | 24.78 | 15.00 | 638522.00 | 1.42 | 22.27 | 2.00 |
Cross-correlations between fisheries context components. The lower triangle shows correlation values, and the upper triangle shows p values at 95% confidence level based on the pairwise two-sided t-test
| Factor | Catch | Aquaculture | Export | Import | Processed Fish | Export Value | Import Value | Consumption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catch | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |
| Aquaculture | 0.79 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.12 | |
| Export | 0.56 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | |
| Import | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Processed Fish | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.54 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | |
| Export Value | 0.81 | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Import Value | 0.52 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.87 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.00 | |
| Consumption | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.23 |