The Impact of Gender-Specific Human Capital on Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Turkey

Barro, R.J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross-section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 106(2), 407-433. DOI: 10.2307/293794310.2307/2937943Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Barro, R.J. (2001). Human capital and growth. American Economic Review. 91(2), 12-17. DOI: 10.1257/aer.91.2.12.10.1257/aer.91.2.12Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Barro, R.J. & Lee J.W. (1993). International comparisons of educational attainment. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3), 363–394. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3932(93)90023-9.10.1016/0304-3932(93)90023-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Barro, R.J. & Lee, J.W. (1994). Sources of economic growth. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy. 40, 1-46. DOI: 10.1016/0167-2231(94)90002-7.10.1016/0167-2231(94)90002-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Barro, R.J. & Lee, J.W. (1996). International measures of schooling years and schooling quality. American Economic Review, 86(2), 218-223.Search in Google Scholar

Barro, Robert J. & Lee, J.W. (2013). A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010, Journal of Development Economics.104,184–198. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.001.10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Becker, G.S. (1964). Human Capital. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Becker, G.S. (2007). Health as human capital: synthesis and extensions. Oxford Economic Papers. 59, 379–410. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpm020.10.1093/oep/gpm020Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chow, G. (1993). Capital formation and economic growth in china. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 108(3), 809-842. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2118409.10.2307/2118409Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Clark, J. A. & Mirza, S. (2006). A Comparison of some common methods of detecting ganger noncausality. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation. 76(3), 207–231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1062936050010774110.1080/10629360500107741Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dae-Bong, K. (2009). Human capital and its measurement. The 3rd OECD World Forum on “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy” Charting Progress, Building Visions, Improving Life Busan. Korea - 27-30 October 2009 Retrived 01.03.2018 from http://www.oecd.org/site/progresskorea/44109779.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Dickey, D. A. & Fuller W.A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root, Journal of the American Statistical Association. 74(366), 427–431. DOI: 10.2307/2286348.10.2307/2286348Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Engle, R.F. & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica. 55(2), 251–276. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1913236.10.2307/1913236Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chuang, Y. (2000). Human capital, exports, and economic growth: a causality analysis for taiwan, 1952–1995, Review of International Economics. 8(4), 712–720. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00252.10.1111/1467-9396.00252Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cooray, A., Mallick, S. & Nabamita, D. (2014). Gender-specific human capital, openness and growth: exploring the linkages for southasia. Review of Development Economics, 18(1), pp.107-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.1207210.1111/rode.12072Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Granger, C.W.J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross spectral models. Econometrica. 37(3), 424–438. DOI: 10.2307/1912791.10.2307/1912791Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hu, Z.L. & Khan, M.S. (1997). Why is china growing so fast?. IMF Staff Papers. 44(1), 103-131.10.2307/3867499Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Johansen, S. & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 52(2), 169–210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52002003.x10.1111/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52002003.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jung, H. & Thorbecke, E. (2003). The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, growth, and poverty in tanzania and zambia: a general equilibrium approach. Journal of Policy Modeling. 25(8), 701–725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-8938(03)00060-7.10.1016/S0161-8938(03)00060-7Search in Google Scholar

Karaalp-Orhan, H.S. (2017a). Human capital and economic growth: bounds and causality analysis for turkey. Research Journal of Politics, Economics and Management. 5(1), 21-32.10.2478/zireb-2018-0021Search in Google Scholar

Karaalp-Orhan, H.S. (2017b). What are the trends in women’s labour force participation in turkey? European Journal of Sustainable Development. 6(3), 303-312. DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n3p303.10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n3p303Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kaur, N.G. & Letic, J. (2012). Female education and economic growth: theoretical overview and two country cases, Unpublished BSc dissertation, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg.Search in Google Scholar

Khan, S.R., Shaw, W.D. & Hussain, F. (1991). Causality between literacy and labor productivity in pakistan, Economics of Education Review, 10(3), 245-251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7757(91)90047-S.10.1016/0272-7757(91)90047-SOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Khan, K.M. (2016). Contribution of female human capital in economic growth: an empirical analysis of pakistan (1972-2012). Quality & Quantity. 50(2), 709-728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0172-6.10.1007/s11135-015-0172-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Knowles, S. & Owen, P. D. (1995). Health capital and cross-country variation in income per capita in the Mankiw-Romer-Weil model. Economics Letters. 48(1), 99-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(94)00577-O10.1016/0165-1765(94)00577-OOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Knowles, S., Lorgelly, P. K., Owen, P. D. (2002). Are educational gender gaps a brake on economic development? some cross-country empirical evidence. Oxford Economic Papers. 54, 118-149. DOI: 10.1093/oep/54.1.118.10.1093/oep/54.1.118Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Krugman, P. (1994). The myth of asia’s miracle. Foreign Affairs. 73(6), 62-78. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2004692910.2307/20046929Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lee, J. (2005). Human capital and productivity for korea’s sustained economic growth. Journal of Asian Economics. 6(4), 663–687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2005.06.00910.1016/j.asieco.2005.06.009Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lucas, R. (1988). On the mechanisms of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics. 22(1), 3-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-710.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Morrison, A., Raju, D. & Sinha, N., (2007). Gender equality, poverty, and economic growth. Policy Research Working Paper No. 4349. Washington, DC: World Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4349Search in Google Scholar

Önder K and Önder E. (2012). The role of the female education in economic growth: a case for turkey, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi. 5,59-176.Search in Google Scholar

Öztunç H., Oo, Z.C. & Serin, Z.H. (2015). Effects of female education on economic growth: a cross country empirical study. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 15(2), 349-37. DOI: 10.12738/estp.2015.2.235110.12738/estp.2015.2.2351Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pesaran, M.H., Yongcheol, S. & Smith R.S. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics. 16(3), 289–326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616.10.1002/jae.616Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Phillips, P.C.B. & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika Trust. 75(2), 335–346. DOI: 10.2307/233618210.1093/biomet/75.2.335Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pitarakis, J.Y. & Tridimas G.G. (2003). Joint dynamics of legal and economic integration in the european union. European Journal of Law and Economics. 16(3), 357–368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025366909016.10.1023/A:1025366909016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Romer, P.M. (1990). Are non-convexities important for understanding growth. The American Economic Growth. 80(2), 97-103.10.3386/w3271Search in Google Scholar

Sehravat, M. & Giri, A.K. (2017). Does female human capital contribute to economic growth in india?: an empirical investigation. International Journal of Social Economics. 44(11), 1506-1521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-10-2015-0272.10.1108/IJSE-10-2015-0272Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Schultz, T.W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review. 51(1), 1-17.Search in Google Scholar

Schultz, T.P. (2003). Human capital, schooling and health returns. Working Papers 853, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.Search in Google Scholar

Sims, C.A., Stock, J.H. & Watson, M.W. (1990). Inference in linear time series models with some unit roots, Econometrica. 58(1), 113–144. DOI:10.2307/2938337.10.2307/2938337Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Solow, R.M. (1956). A Contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 70(1), 65-94. DOI: 10.2307/188451310.2307/1884513Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tansel, A. & Güngör, N. (2013). Gender effects of education on economic development in turkey, Journal of Economic Studies. 40(6), 794-821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-10-2012-0140.10.1108/JES-10-2012-0140Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Thirlwall, A.P. (2006). Growth and development – with special reference to developing economies (8th ed.). Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillian.Search in Google Scholar

Toda, H.Y. & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated process. Journal of Econometrics. 66(1–2), 225–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8.10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

TurkStat (2018), Labor force Statistics, Retrived 01.03.2018 from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1007.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Y. & Yao, Y. (2003). Sources of china’s economic growth 1952-1999: incorporating human capital accumulation. China Economic Review. 14(1), 32-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-951X(02)00084-6.10.1016/S1043-951X(02)00084-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2007). Another look at the relationship between telecommunications investment and economic activity in the United States, International Economic Journal, 21(2): 199-205. DOI: 10.1080/1016873070134537210.1080/10168730701345372Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

World Bank (2009), Turkey’s greatest untapped potential? Women. Retrived 01.03.2018 from http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2009/09/15/turkeys-greatest-untapped-potential-women.Search in Google Scholar